Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 288 - 293 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001 İndeks Tarihi: 31-12-2019

Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing

Öz:
In this study, two composting strategies (not turned and turned windrows) of pig slurry solid fraction (SF) were evaluated and compared in terms of their suitability to obtain a composted manure appropriate for further pelletizing (i.e., moisture content <40%). The effect of the two composting strategies on carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions were also investigated. Six identical SF windrows of approximately 4 m3 and 1800 kg were set up outside, on a concrete pad in an open-sided, roofed facility, and composted for a period of 72 days. During the experimental period, three SF windrows were composted unturned (NTW), while the others three SF windrows were turned (TW) six times: at day 7, 16, 28, 35, 50 and 57. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions were measured three times a week for the first 3 weeks and twice per week thereafter for the 72 days of composting. In correspondence of each turning operation, gases emissions rates from TW, were evaluated two times: before and immediately after turning. Due to the production of heat generated during the composting process, high losses of water occurred from both NTW and TW. However, at the end of the trial the average moisture content in composted manure from NTW and from TW resulted, respectively, 46.7% and 34.6%. Therefore, under the specific conditions adopted in this study, composting of pig slurry SF in NTW did not give a suitable product for further pelletizing. In addition, composted manure from NTW resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower total nitrogen (2.9% vs 3.4%) and NO3eN (714 mg kg1 vs 1358 mg kg1 ) content. However, in terms of CO2-eq, total gaseous emissions recorded over 72 days of trial from TW (120.4 kg CO2-eq. t1 ) were approximately 95% higher as compared to those (64.7 kg CO2-eq. t1 ) obtained from NTW.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Çevre Mühendisliği
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Bibliyografik
  • Abd El Kader, N., Robin, P., Paillat, J.M., Leterme, P., 2007. Turning, compacting and the addition of water as factors affecting gaseous emissions in farm manure composting. Bioresour. Technol. 98, 2619e2628.
  • Agnew, J.M., Leonard, J.J., 2003. The physical properties of compost. Compost Sci. Util. 11 (3), 238e264.
  • Ahn, H.K., Mulbry, W., White, J.W., Kondrad, S.L., 2011. Pile mixing increases greenhouse gas emissions during composting of dairy manure. Bioresour. Technol. 102, 2904e2909.
  • Alemi, H., Kianmehr, M.H., Borghaee, A.M., 2010. Effect of pellet processing of fertilization on slow-release nitrogen in soil. Asian J. Plant Sci. 9 (2), 74e80.
  • AOAC, 1990. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Official Methods of Analysis, fifteenth ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC.
  • Bernal, M.P., Paredes, C., Sanchez-Monedero, M.A., Cegarra, J., 1998. Maturity and stability parameters of composts prepared with a wide range of organic wastes. Bioresour. Technol. 63, 91e99.
  • Bernal, M.P., Alburquerque, J.A., Moral, R., 2009. Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment. A review. Bioresour. Technol. 100, 5444e5453.
  • Chiumenti, A., Da Borso, F., Rodar, T., Chiumenti, R., 2007. Swine manure composting by means of experimental turning equipment. Waste Manag. 27, 1774e1782.
  • Chrysargyris, A., Saridakis, C., Tzortzakis, N., 2013. Use of municipal solid waste compost as growing medium component for melon seedlings production. J. Plant Biol. Soil Health 2, 1e5.
  • Civera, G., 2010. Influence of municipal solid waste compost on soil properties and plant reestablishment in peri-urban environments. Chil. J. Agric. Res. 70, 416e425.
  • Colonna, N., Alfano, V., 2010. Quanto biogas si puo produrre in Italia (How much  biogas can be produced in Italy). In: L'Informatore Agrario 11, Supplemento Energia Rinnovabile, pp. 13e17.
  • Dinuccio, E., Berg, W., Balsari, P., 2008. Gaseous emissions from the storage of untreated slurries and the fractions obtained after mechanical separation. Atmos. Environ. 42, 2448e2459.
  • Dinuccio, E., Gioelli, F., Balsari, P., Dorno, N., 2012. Ammonia losses from the storage and application of raw and chemo-mechanically separated slurry. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 153, 16e23.
  • Fukumoto, Y., Osada, T., Hanajima, D., Haga, K., 2003. Patterns and quantities of NH3 and CH4 emissions during swine manure composting without forced aerationeffect of compost pile scale. Bioresour. Technol. 89, 109e114.
  • Getahun, T., Nigusie, A., Entele, T., Van Gerven, T., Van der Bruggen, B., 2012. Effect of turning frequencies on composting biodegradable municipal solid waste quality. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 65, 79e84.
  • Gomez-Bandon, M., Lazcano, C., Dominguez, J., 2008. The evaluation of stability and maturity during the composting of cattle manure. Chemosphere 70, 436e444.
  • Hansen, M.N., Henriksen, K., Sommer, S.G., 2006. Observations of production and emission of greenhouse gases and ammonia during storage of solids separated from pig slurry: effects of covering. Atmos. Environ. 40, 4172e4181.
  • Hassouna, M., Espagnol, S., Robin, P., Paillat, J.M., Levasseur, P., Li, Y., 2008. Monitoring NH3, N2O, CO2 and CH4 emissions during pig solid manure storage e effect of turning. Compost Sci. Util. 16 (4), 267e274.
  • Hoekstra, N.J., Bosker, T., Lantinga, E.A., 2002. Effects of cattle dung from farms with different feeding strategies on germination and initial root growth of cress (Lepidium sativum L.). Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 93, 189e196.
  • IPCC, 2013. Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. In: Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., Midgley, P.M. (Eds.), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, p. 1535.
  • ISTAT e Italian National Institute of Statistics, 2012. Preliminary Results of the 6th General Census of Agriculture. http://censimentoagricoltura.istat.it (accessed march 2012).
  • Jiang, T., Schuchardt, F., Li, G.H., Guo, R., Luo, Y.M., 2013. Gaseous emission during the composting of pig feces from Chinese. Chemosphere 90, 1545e1551.
  • Ko, H.J., Kim, K.Y., Kim, H.T., Kim, C.N., Umeda, M., 2008. Evaluation of maturity parameters and heavy metal contents in composts made from animal manure. Waste Manag. 28, 813e820.
  • Luo, W., Chen, T.B., Zheng, G.D., Gao, D., Zhang, Y.A., Gao, W., 2008. Effect of moisture adjustments on vertical temperature distribution during forcedaeration static-pile composting of sewage sludge. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 52, 635e642.
  • Moller, H.B., Sommer, S.G., Andersen, B.H., 2000. Nitrogen mass balance in deep litter during the pig fattening cycle and during composting. J. Agric. Sci. 135, 287e296.
  • Nolan, T., Troy, S.M., Healy, M.G., Kwapinski, W., Leahy, P.G., Lawlor, J.J., 2011. Characterization of compost produced from separated pig manure and a variety of bulking agents at low initial C/N ratios. Bioresour. Technol. 102, 7131e7138.
  • Ogunwande, G.A., Osunade, J.A., Adekalu, K.O., Ogunjimi, L.A.O., 2008. Nitrogen loss in chicken compost as affected by carbon to nitrogen ratio and turning frequency. Bioresour. Technol. 99 (16), 7495e7503.
  • Paillat, J.M., Robin, P., Hassouna, M., Leterme, P., 2005. Predicting ammonia and carbon dioxide emissions from carbon and nitrogen biodegradability during animal waste composting. Atmos. Environ. 39, 6833e6842.
  • Pampuro, N., Facello, A., Cavallo, E., 2013. Pressure and specific energy requirements for densification of compost derived from swine solid fraction. Span. J. Agric. Res. 11 (3), 678e684.
  • Pampuro, N., Dinuccio, E., Balsari, P., Cavallo, E., 2014. Gaseous emissions and nutrient dynamics during composting of swine solid fraction for pellet production. Appl. Math. Sci. 8, 129e132.
  • Papamichalaki, M., Papadaki, A., Tzortzakis, N., 2014. Substitution of peat with municipal solid waste compost in watermelon seedling production combined with fertigation. Chil. J. Agric. Res. 74, 452e459.
  • Paredes, C., Bernal, M.P., Cegarra, J., Roig, A., Navarro, A.F., 1996. Nitrogen transformation during the composting of different organic wastes. In: Van Cleemput, O., Vermoesen, G., Hofman, A. (Eds.), Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 121e125.
  • Parkinson, R., Gibbs, P., Burchett, S., Misselbrook, T., 2004. Effect of turning regime and seasonal weather conditions on nitrogen and phosphorus losses during aerobic composting of cattle manure. Bioresour. Technol. 91, 171e178.
  • Pearson, J., Stewart, G.R., 1993. The deposition of atmospheric ammonia and its effects on plants. New Phytol. 125, 283e305.
  • Petersen, J., Sørensen, P., 2008. Loss of nitrogen and carbon during storage of the fibrous fraction of separated pig slurry and influence on nitrogen availability. J. Agric. Sci. 146, 403e413.
  • Rao, J.R., Watabe, M., Stewart, T.A., Millar, B.C., Moore, J.E., 2007. Pelleted organomineral fertilizers from composted pig slurry solids, animal wastes and spent mushroom compost for amenity grassland. Waste Manag. 27, 1117e1128.
  • Roletto, E., Barberis, R., Consiglio, M., Jodice, R., 1985. Chemical parameters for evaluating compost maturity. Biocycle 46e48 (March).
  • Romano, E., Brambilla, M., Bisaglia, C., Pampuro, N., Foppa Pedretti, E., Cavallo, E., 2014. Pelletization of composted swine manure solid fraction with different organic co-formulates: effect of pellet physical properties on rotating spreader distribution patterns. Int. J. Recycl. Org. Waste Agric. 3, 101e111.
  • Romero, E., Plaza, C., Senesi, N., Nogales, R., Polo, A., 2007. Humic acid-like fractions in raw and vermicomposted winery and distrillery wastes. Geoderma 139, 397e406.
  • Senesi, N., 1989. Composted materials as organic fertilisers. Sci. Total Environ. 81/82, 521e542.
  • Shen, Y., Ren, L., Li, G., Chen, T., Guo, R., 2011. Influence of aeration on CH4, N2O and NH3 emissions during aerobic composting of a chicken manure and high C/N waste mixture. Waste Manag. 31, 33e38.
  • Sommer, S.G., Moller, H.B., 2000. Emission of greenhouse gases during composting of deep litter from pig production e effect of straw content. J. Agric. Sci. 134 (3), 327e335.
  • SPSS, 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. IBM Corp, Armonk, NY. Vazquez, M.A., de la Varga, D., Plana, R., Soto, M., 2015. Integrating liquid fraction of pig manure in the composting process for nutrient recovery and water re-use. J. Clean. Prod. 104, 80e89.
  • Yang, F., Li, G.X., Yang, Q.Y., Luo, W.H., 2013. Effect of bulking agents on maturity and gaseous emissions during kitchen waste composting. Chemosphere 93, 1393e1399.
APA PAMPURO N, DİNUCCİO E, BALSARİ P, CAVALLO E (2016). Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing. , 288 - 293. 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
Chicago PAMPURO Niccolo,DİNUCCİO Elio,BALSARİ Paolo,CAVALLO Eugenio Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing. (2016): 288 - 293. 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
MLA PAMPURO Niccolo,DİNUCCİO Elio,BALSARİ Paolo,CAVALLO Eugenio Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing. , 2016, ss.288 - 293. 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
AMA PAMPURO N,DİNUCCİO E,BALSARİ P,CAVALLO E Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing. . 2016; 288 - 293. 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
Vancouver PAMPURO N,DİNUCCİO E,BALSARİ P,CAVALLO E Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing. . 2016; 288 - 293. 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
IEEE PAMPURO N,DİNUCCİO E,BALSARİ P,CAVALLO E "Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing." , ss.288 - 293, 2016. 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
ISNAD PAMPURO, Niccolo vd. "Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing". (2016), 288-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
APA PAMPURO N, DİNUCCİO E, BALSARİ P, CAVALLO E (2016). Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 7(2), 288 - 293. 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
Chicago PAMPURO Niccolo,DİNUCCİO Elio,BALSARİ Paolo,CAVALLO Eugenio Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing. Atmospheric Pollution Research 7, no.2 (2016): 288 - 293. 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
MLA PAMPURO Niccolo,DİNUCCİO Elio,BALSARİ Paolo,CAVALLO Eugenio Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing. Atmospheric Pollution Research, vol.7, no.2, 2016, ss.288 - 293. 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
AMA PAMPURO N,DİNUCCİO E,BALSARİ P,CAVALLO E Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2016; 7(2): 288 - 293. 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
Vancouver PAMPURO N,DİNUCCİO E,BALSARİ P,CAVALLO E Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2016; 7(2): 288 - 293. 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
IEEE PAMPURO N,DİNUCCİO E,BALSARİ P,CAVALLO E "Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing." Atmospheric Pollution Research, 7, ss.288 - 293, 2016. 10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001
ISNAD PAMPURO, Niccolo vd. "Evaluation of two composting strategies for making pig slurry solid fraction suitable for pelletizing". Atmospheric Pollution Research 7/2 (2016), 288-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.001