Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China

Gang WANG, (Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)
Shuiyuan CHENG, (Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing 100081, China)
Wei Wei SONG, (Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)
Ying ZHOU, (Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)
Sen YAO, (Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)
Hanyu ZHANG (Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)
Atmospheric Pollution Research
0 0
Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 711 - 724 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006 İndeks Tarihi: 03-01-2020

Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China

Öz:
The measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was conducted during November 2014 in thesuburban area of Beijing, China, covering the period of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)meeting period. The VOCs characteristics and source apportionment were analyzed. The average massconcentrations of VOCs were 27.6 ± 19.7 mg/m3 during the sampling period, and aromatics and alkaneswere the most abundant VOCs species in atmospheric environment in Beijing which were 12.2 ± 10.3 mg/m3 and 11.3 ± 7.5 mg/m3, respectively. The hourly variation of VOCs was found, with the highest concentrationoccurring at 8:00 to 9:30 and lowest at 12:30 to 14:00. The sampling period was divided intotwo periods: period Ⅰ represent the period without emission-reduction measures, and period Ⅱ representthe period with reduction measures. The VOCs concentrations during the period Ⅱ was 31.0% lower thanperiod Ⅰ. The Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) method was applied to analysis the ozone formationpotential (OFP). The OFP of VOCs from period Ⅰ was 1.6 times higher than period Ⅱ, and themajority of VOCs species were alkenes and aromatics. Positive matrix factorization was applied to estimatecontributions of potential VOCs sources. The vehicle exhaust emission was the major source ofVOCs during the two periods, and the contribution to VOCs was 5.7% lower during period Ⅱ than period Ⅰdue to the emission-reduction of vehicle operation
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Çevre Mühendisliği
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Bibliyografik
  • An, J., Zhu, B., Wang, H., Li, Y., Lin, X., Yang, H., 2014. Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs measured in an industrial area of Nanjing, Yangtze River Delta, China. Atmos. Environ. 97, 206e214.
  • Atkinson, R., Arey, J., 2003. Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds. Chem. Rev. 103 (12), 4605e4638.
  • Barletta, B., Meinardi, S., Rowland, F.S., Chan, C.Y., Wang, X.M., Zou, S.C., Chan, L.Y., Blake, D.R., 2005. Volatile organic compounds in 43 Chinese cities. Atmos. Environ. 39, 5979e5990.
  • Bari, M.A., Kindzierski, W.B., Wheeler, A.J., Heroux, M.  E., Wallace, L.A., 2015. Source apportionment of indoor and outdoor volatile organic compounds at homes in Edmonton, Canada. Build. Environ. 90, 114e124.
  • Bressi, M., Sciare, J., Ghersi, V., Mihalopoulos, N., Petit, J.E., Nicolas, J.B., Moukhtar, S., Rosso, A., Feron, A., Bonnaire, N., Poulakis, E., Theodosi, C., 2014. Sources and  geographical origins of fine aerosols in Paris (France). Atmos. Chem. Phys. 14 (16), 8813e8839.
  • Carter, W.P.L., 1994. Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organiccompounds. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 44, 881e899.
  • Chang, C.-C., Wang, J.-L., Lung, S.-C.C., Liu, S.-C., Shiu, C.-J., 2009. Source characterization of ozone precursors by complementary approaches of vehicular indicator and principal component analysis. Atmos. Environ. 43, 1771e1778.
  • Cheng, H., Guo, H., Wang, X., Saunders, S.M., Lam, S.H.M., Jiang, F., Wang, T., Ding, A., Lee, S., Ho, K.F., 2010. On the relationship between ozone and its precursors in the Pearl River Delta: application of an observation-based model (OBM). Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 17, 547e560.
  • Duan, J., Tan, J., Yang, L., Wu, S., Hao, J., 2008. Concentration, sources and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during ozone episode in Beijing. Atmos. Res. 88, 25e35.
  • Dumanoglu, Y., Kara, M., Altiok, H., Odabasi, M., Elbir, T., Bayram, A., 2014. Spatial and seasonal variation and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a heavily industrialized region. Atmos. Environ. 98, 168e178.
  • Geng, F., Cai, C., Tie, X., Yu, Q., An, J., Peng, L., Zhou, G., Xu, J., 2009. Analysis of VOC emissions using PCA/APCS receptor model at city of Shanghai, China. J. Atmos. Chem. 62, 229e247.
  • Gros, V., Sciare, J., Yu, T., 2007. Air-quality measurements in megacities: focus on gaseous organic and particulate pollutants and comparison between two contrasted cities, Paris and Beijing. Comptes Rendus Geosci. 339, 764e774.
  • Guinot, B., Roger, J.-C., Cachier, H., Wang, P., Bai, J., Tong, Y., 2006. Impact of vertical atmospheric structure on Beijing aerosol distribution. Atmos. Environ. 40, 5167e5180.
  • Guo, H., Cheng, H.R., Ling, Z.H., Louie, P.K.K., Ayoko, G.A., 2011. Which emission sources are responsible for the volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Pearl River Delta? J. Hazard. Mater. 188, 116e124.
  • Guo, H., Wang, T., Blake, D.R., Simpson, I.J., Kwok, Y.H., Li, Y.S., 2006. Regional and local contributions to ambient non-methane volatile organic compounds at a polluted rural/coastal site in Pearl River Delta, China. Atmos. Environ. 40, 2345e2359.
  • Guo, H., Wang, T., Simpson, I.J., Blake, D.R., Yu, X.M., Kwok, Y.H., Li, Y.S., 2004. Source contributions to ambient VOCs and CO at a rural site in Eastern China. Atmos. Environ. 38, 4551e4560.
  • Hao, J.M., Wang, L.T., 2005. Improving urban air quality in China: Beijing case study. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 55, 1298e1305.
  • Hemann, J.G., Brinkman, G.L., Dutton, S.J., Hannigan, M.P., Milford, J.B., Miller, S.L., 2009. Assessing positive matrix factorization model fit: a new method to estimate uncertainty and bias in factor contributions at the measurement time scale. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9 (2), 497e513.
  • Hopke, P.K., 2000. A guide to positive matrix factorization. In: EPA Workshop Proceedings, Materials from the Workshop on UNMIX and PMF as Applied to PM2.5.
  • Hou, X., Strickland, M.J., Liao, K.-J., 2015. Contributions of regional air pollutant emissions to ozone and fine particulate matter-related mortalities in eastern US urban areas. Environ. Res. 137, 475e484.
  • Huang, C., Chen, C.H., Li, L., Cheng, Z., Wang, H.L., Huang, H.Y., Streets, D.G., Wang, Y.J., Zhang, G.F., Chen, Y.R., 2011. Emission inventory of anthropogenic air pollutants and VOC species in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 4105e4120.
  • Jang, E., Alam, M.S., Harrison, R.M., 2013. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air using positive matrix factorization and spatial distribution analysis. Atmos. Environ. 79, 271e285.
  • Lang, J., Cheng, S., Wei, W., Zhou, Y., Wei, X., Chen, D., 2012. A study on the trends of vehicular emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, China. Atmos. Environ. 62, 605e614.
  • Lee, C.W., Dai, Y.T., Chien, C.H., Hsu, D.J., 2006. Characteristics and health impacts of volatile organic compounds in photocopy centers. Environ. Res. 100, 139e149.
  • Li, G., Cheng, S., Li, J., Wei, W., Wen, W., Wang, G., 2014. Characterization of ambient ozone and its precursors around a coking plant. Environ. Monit. Assess. 186, 3165e3179.
  • Li, J., Xie, S.D., Zeng, L.M., Li, L.Y., Li, Y.Q., Wu, R.R., 2015. Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15, 7945e7959.
  • Liao, K.J., Hou, X.T., Baker, D.R., 2014. Impacts of interstate transport of pollutants on high ozone events over the Mid-Atlantic United States. Atmos. Environ. 84, 100e112.
  • Ling, Z.H., Guo, H., Cheng, H.R., Yu, Y.F., 2011. Sources of ambient volatile organic compounds and their contributions to photochemical ozone formation at a site in the Pearl River Delta, southern China. Environ. Pollut. 159, 2310e2319.
  • Liu, J., Mu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Sun, Z., 2009. Atmospheric levels of BTEX compounds during the 2008 Olympic Games in the urban area of Beijing. Sci. Total Environ. 408, 109e116.
  • Liu, Y., Shao, M., Lu, S., Chang, C.-C., Wang, J.-L., Fu, L., 2008a. Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in the Pearl River Delta. China Part II Atmos. Environ. 42, 6261e6274.
  • Liu, Y., Shao, M., Lu, S., Liao, C.-C., Wang, J.-L., Chen, G., 2008b. Volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements in the pearl river delta (PRD) region, China. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 1531e1545.
  • Liu, Y., Shao, M., Zhang, J., Fu, L.L., Lu, S.H., 2005. Distributions and source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing city, China. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. 40, 1843e1860.
  • Louie, P.K.K., Ho, J.W.K., Tsang, R.C.W., Blake, D.R., Lau, A.K.H., Yu, J.Z., Yuan, Z., Wang, X., Shao, M., Zhong, L., 2013. VOCs and OVOCs distribution and control policy implications in Pearl River Delta region, China. Atmos. Environ. 76, 125e135.
  • Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China (MEPPRC), 2015. Air Quality of Key Areas and 74 Cities of China in 2014.
  • McCarthy, M.C., Aklilu, Y.-A., Brown, S.G., Lyder, D.A., 2013. Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds measured in Edmonton, Alberta. Atmos. Environ. 81, 504e516.
  • Mugica, V., Vega, E., Chow, J., Reyes, E., Sanchez, G., Arriaga, J., Egami, R., Watson, J., 2001. Speciated non-methane organic compounds emissions from food cooking in Mexico. Atmos. Environ. 35, 1729e1734.
  • Nelson, P.F., Quigley, S.M., 1984. The hydrocarbon composition of exhaust emitted from gasoline fueled vehicles. Atmos. Environ. 18, 79e87.
  • Olson, D.A., Hammond, D.M., Seila, R.L., Burke, J.M., Norris, G.A., 2009. Spatial gradients and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds near roadways. Atmos. Environ. 43 (35), 5647e5653.
  • Pachauri, T., Satsangi, A., Singla, V., Lakhani, A., Kumari, K.M., 2013. Characteristics and sources of carbonaceous aerosols in PM2.5 during wintertime in Agra, India. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 13, 977e991.
  • Qin, Y., Walk, T., Gary, R., Yao, X., Elles, S., 2007. C-2-C-10 nonmethane hydrocarbons measured in Dallas, USA - seasonal trends and diurnal characteristics. Atmos. Environ. 41, 6018e6032.
  • Ras-Mallorqui, M.R., Marce-Recasens, R.M., Borrull-Ballarin, F., 2007. Determination of volatile organic compounds in urban and industrial air from Tarragona by thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 72, 941e950.
  • Ryerson, T.B., Trainer, M., Angevine, W.M., Brock, C.A., Dissly, R.W., Fehsenfeld, F.C., Frost, G.J., Goldan, P.D., Holloway, J.S., Hubler, G., Jakoubek, R.O., Kuster, W.C., Neuman, J.A., Nicks, D.K., Parrish, D.D., Roberts, J.M., Sueper, D.T., Atlas, E.L., Donnelly, S.G., Flocke, F., Fried, A., Potter, W.T., Schauffler, S., Stroud, V., Weinheimer, A.J., Wert, B.P., Wiedinmyer, C., Alvarez, R.J., Banta, R.M., Darby, L.S., Senff, C.J., 2003. Effect of petrochemical industrial emissions of reactive alkenes and NOx on tropospheric ozone formation in Houston, Texas. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 108.
  • Saeaw, N., Thepanondh, S., 2015. Source apportionment analysis of airborne VOCs using positive matrix factorization in industrial and urban areas in Thailand. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 6.
  • Sauvage, S., Plaisance, H., Locoge, N., Wroblewski, A., Coddeville, P., Galloo, J.C., 2009. Long term measurement and source apportionment of non-methane hydrocarbons in three French rural areas. Atmos. Environ. 43, 2430e2441.
  • Shi, G.L., Liu, G.R., Peng, X., Wang, Y.N., Tian, Y.Z., Wang, W., Feng, Y.C., 2014. A comparison of multiple combined models for source apportionment, including the PCA/MLR-CMB, Unmix-CMB and PMF-CMB models. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 14, 2040e2050.
  • Song, Y., Shao, M., Liu, Y., Lu, S., Kuster, W., Goldan, P., Xie, S., 2007. Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 4348e4353.
  • Suthawaree, J., Tajima, Y., Khunchornyakong, A., Kato, S., Sharp, A., Kajii, Y., 2012. Identification of volatile organic compounds in suburban Bangkok, Thailand and their potential for ozone formation. Atmos. Res. 104, 245e254.
  • Tang, G., Li, X., Wang, Y., Xin, J., Ren, X., 2009. Surface ozone trend details and interpretations in Beijing, 2001-2006. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9, 8813e8823.
  • Thurston, G.D., Spengler, J.D., 1985. A quantitative assessment of source contributions to inhalable particulate matter pollution in metropolitan boston. Atmos. Environ. 19, 9e25.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999. Compendium Method TO-15 Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air Collected in Speciallyprepared Canisters and Analyzed by GC/MS.
  • Wang, G., Cheng, S., Li, J., Lang, J., Wen, W., Yang, X., Tian, L., 2015. Source apportionment and seasonal variation of PM2.5 carbonaceous aerosol in the BeijingTianjin-Hebei Region of China. Environ. Monit. Assess. 187.
  • Wang, Q., Chen, C.-H., Wang, H.-L., Zhou, M., Lou, S.-R., Qiao, L.-P., Huang, C., Li, L., Su, L.-Y., Mu, Y.-Y., Chen, Y.-R., Chen, M.-H., 2013. Forming potential of secondary organic aerosols and sources apportionment of VOCs in autumn of Shanghai, China. Environ. Sci. 34, 424e433.
  • Wang, Y., Ren, X., Ji, D., Zhang, J., Sun, J., Wu, F., 2012. Characterization of volatile organic compounds in the urban area of Beijing from 2000 to 2007. J. Environ. Sci. China 24, 95e101.
  • Warneke, C., de Gouw, J.A., Goldan, P.D., Kuster, W.C., Williams, E.J., Lerner, B.M., Jakoubek, R., Brown, S.S., Stark, H., Aldener, M., Ravishankara, A.R., Roberts, J.M., Marchewka, M., Bertman, S., Sueper, D.T., McKeen, S.A., Meagher, J.F., Fehsenfeld, F.C., 2004. Comparison of daytime and nighttime oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs along the New England coast in summer during New England Air Quality Study 2002. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 109.
  • Wei, W., Cheng, S., Li, G., Wang, G., Wang, H., 2014. Characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from a petroleum refinery in Beijing, China. Atmos. Environ. 89, 358e366.
  • Xu, J., Zhang, Y., Fu, J.S., Zheng, S., Wang, W., 2008. Process analysis of typical summertime ozone episodes over the Beijing area. Sci. Total Environ. 399, 147e157.
  • Zhang, J., Sun, Y., Wu, F., Sun, J., Wang, Y., 2014. The characteristics, seasonal variation and source apportionment of VOCs at Gongga Mountain, China. Atmos. Environ. 88, 297e305.
  • Zhang, R., Tao, J., Ho, K.F., Shen, Z., Wang, G., Cao, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Lee, S.C., 2012. Characterization of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon of PM2.5 in a typical semi-arid area of Northeastern China. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 12, 792e802.
  • Zhang, Y.H., Su, H., Zhong, L.J., Cheng, Y.F., Zeng, L.M., Wang, X.S., Xiang, Y.R., Wang, J.L., Gao, D.F., Shao, M., Fan, S.J., Liu, S.C., 2008. Regional ozone pollution and observation-based approach for analyzing ozone-precursor relationship during the PRIDE-PRD2004 campaign. Atmos. Environ. 42, 6203e6218.
APA Wang G, CHENG S, SONG W, Zhou Y, YAO S, ZHANG H (2016). Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China. , 711 - 724. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
Chicago Wang Gang,CHENG Shuiyuan,SONG Wei Wei,Zhou Ying,YAO Sen,ZHANG Hanyu Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China. (2016): 711 - 724. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
MLA Wang Gang,CHENG Shuiyuan,SONG Wei Wei,Zhou Ying,YAO Sen,ZHANG Hanyu Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China. , 2016, ss.711 - 724. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
AMA Wang G,CHENG S,SONG W,Zhou Y,YAO S,ZHANG H Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China. . 2016; 711 - 724. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
Vancouver Wang G,CHENG S,SONG W,Zhou Y,YAO S,ZHANG H Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China. . 2016; 711 - 724. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
IEEE Wang G,CHENG S,SONG W,Zhou Y,YAO S,ZHANG H "Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China." , ss.711 - 724, 2016. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
ISNAD Wang, Gang vd. "Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China". (2016), 711-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
APA Wang G, CHENG S, SONG W, Zhou Y, YAO S, ZHANG H (2016). Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 7(4), 711 - 724. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
Chicago Wang Gang,CHENG Shuiyuan,SONG Wei Wei,Zhou Ying,YAO Sen,ZHANG Hanyu Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China. Atmospheric Pollution Research 7, no.4 (2016): 711 - 724. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
MLA Wang Gang,CHENG Shuiyuan,SONG Wei Wei,Zhou Ying,YAO Sen,ZHANG Hanyu Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China. Atmospheric Pollution Research, vol.7, no.4, 2016, ss.711 - 724. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
AMA Wang G,CHENG S,SONG W,Zhou Y,YAO S,ZHANG H Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2016; 7(4): 711 - 724. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
Vancouver Wang G,CHENG S,SONG W,Zhou Y,YAO S,ZHANG H Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2016; 7(4): 711 - 724. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
IEEE Wang G,CHENG S,SONG W,Zhou Y,YAO S,ZHANG H "Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China." Atmospheric Pollution Research, 7, ss.711 - 724, 2016. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
ISNAD Wang, Gang vd. "Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs in the suburban area of Beijing, China". Atmospheric Pollution Research 7/4 (2016), 711-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2016.03.006
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
23-04-2024 9:41

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları