This article examines China’s relationship with Central Asia within the realpolitik context in the new era that began with Xi Jinping’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative, which is declared in September 2013. The OBOR initiative in its current form is more of a long term proposition that aims at a socio-economic, infrastructural, and fnancial union of Euro-Asia rather than a project or a program. Despite the expectation that China’s economic and political infuence will increase in Central Asia within the context of the OBOR Initiative, there are also dependent factor. So, It argues that China’s economic and political infuence, yet its success will largely depend on its relationship/cooperation with Russia as well as on China’s soft power. However, China’s soft power remains rather limited in Central Asia apart from the trade area even though China attempts to be infuential in the region through economy. Central Asian public remains unconvinced, even though the executive elite is open to have a close economic relationship. Apart from this, China’s OBOR and Russia’s Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) are in a ‘competitive cooperation’. Even though both initiatives have different objectives and structure, they both see each other as a means towards their own ends. Never-theless, China is yet to achieve the same level of cooperation in the area of defence obas it has in the area of economy. It is believed here that the limited success of China’s cooperation with Central Asian countries in the area of defence derives from a combination of Russia’s military infuence in the region and the fact that China is content with its rela-tionship with the countries of the region through the SCO.