This study is intended to explore Schopenhauer's views of state and morality on the basis of his philosophy of pessimism. According to Schopenhauer, “morality” is a way of relationship in which nobody hurts one another and everybody helps each other so far as possible. In other words, morality is based on the feeling of mercy which stems from identicalness of human beings. According to him, moral value can be attributed to behaviour, if and only if it occurs as a result of compassion. Thus he thinks that will, which is the basic motive of human, has to be silenced. Because will would lead to “egoism” and even “malice” in behaviours. The life itself is endless pain full of desires. A desire can never be fully satisfied. Pain is seeking, but not being able to achieving happiness. Therefore, there is no such thing as happiness in this world. To Schopenhauer, the only thing they would resolve egoism and malice is compassion. Compassion is not having pity on “non-I”, it is putting “I” in the place of “non-I”. Compassion leads human to true justice and love of human as well. Being just or fair means not taking what is one's own from him for Schopenhauer, who had a negative view of justice. It is state that prevents us from usurping what is not ours in an illegal way. The aim of the state is to protect each individual against other individuals and to protect all the people against the enemy.