Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey)

TEKİN, Erdoğan

Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey)

Erdoğan TEKİN (Ankara Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

2 0

Yıl: 2001 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 35 - 49 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey)

Öz:

Doğu-Orta Anadolu bölgesinde yeralan Tersiyer yaşlı Sivas-Ulaş evaporit havzasında yaygın olarak sölestin içeren evaporit oluşumları bulunmaktadır. Bunlar başlıca üç zona ayrılabilir. Birincisi Geç Eosen yaşlı ve laminalı bir karakter sergileyen jipslerdir. Bu tip jipsler Eosen sonundaki regresyona bağlı olarak oluşan sığ karakterli iç lagünlerde mineralleşmişlerdir. Bunları üzerleyen ikinci jips zonu ise Oligosen yaşlıdır ve başlıca iki tip fasiyes sergilemektedir. Bunlar kalın ve masif karakterli jips fasiyesi ile kumtaşı ara tabakalı nodüler jips fasiyesidir. Oligosen'in birinci tip fasiyesi sığ sahil sabkhalarında, ikinci tip fasiyesi ise menderesli akarsuların terkedilmiş kanalları içerisinde oluşmuşlardır. Havzadaki üçüncü ve son evaporit zonu ise Erken Miyosen yaşlı masif ve tabakalı jipslerdir. Bunların tabakalı olanları fosilli kireçtaşları ve kumtaşları ile yer yer ara tabakalıdırlar. Bölgedeki bu en genç evaporit mineralleşmesi, Sivas Tersiyer havzasının Üst Miyosen başında güneyden gelen sınırlı bir denizel transgresyonun ürünüdür. Bu üç evaporit zonundaki sölestin mineralleşmeleri ise Sivas-Ulaş Tersiyer baseninde oldukça yaygındır. Sölestinler havzada en üst Eosen yaşlı kireçtaşları ve jipsler içerisinde çatlak-karstik boşluklarda dolgu türü tarzında, Oligosen'in flüvyal kumtaşı ve kiltaşları ile masif jipsleri içerisinde yumrular şeklindedir. Üst Miyosen'in masif jipsleri içerisinde ise büyük boyutlu mercekler biçiminde yeralırlar. Sölestinlerde yapılan arazi, elektron mikroskobu (SEM), cevher mikroskobisi, elektron mikroprob, sıvı kapanım, iz element (XRF) ile $18_O/16_O$, $^{34}S/^{32}S$ ve $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ izotop çalışmaları sedimanter-sinjenetik kökenli bir mineralleşmeyi desteklememektedir. Buna karşılık yüksek sıcaklık koşullarının etkili olduğu epijenetik ve/veya geç diyajenetik oluşum şeklini işaretlemektedir.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

BAIN, R. J. 1990. Diagenetic, nonevaporitive origin for gypsum. Geology 18, 447-450.
BARBIERI, M. & MASI, U. 1984. Sr geochemical evidence on the origin of celestine-barite deposit at Pian dell' Organo in the Tolfa Mountains area (Latium, Central Italy). Mineralogy and Petrography Acta 28, 33-37.
BAYSAL, 0. & ATAMAN, G. 1980. Sedimentology, mineralogy and geochemistry of a sulfate series (Sivas-Turkey). Sedimentary Geology 25,67-81.
BISCHOFF, J. L. & SEYFRIED, W. E. 1978. Hydrothermal chemistry of seawater from 25o to 350 °C. American Journal of Science 278, 838-860.
BRODTKORB, M. K., RAMOS, V. BARBIERI, & M., AMETRANO, S. 1982. The evaporitic celestine-barite deposits of Neuquen, Argentina. Mineralium Deposits 17, 423-436.
BROWER, E. 1973. Synthesis of barite, celestine and barium -strontium sulfate solid solution crystals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 37, 155-158.
BURKE, W. H., DENISON, R.E., HETHERINGTON, E. A., KOEPNICK, R. B., NELSON, H. F. & OTTO, J. B. 1982. Variation of seawater ^Sr/^Sr throughout Phanerozoic time. Geology 10, 516-519.
CARLSON, E. H. 1987. Celestine replacement of evaporites in the Salina Group. Sedimentary Geology 54, 92-112.
CATER, J. M. L, HANNA, S. S., RIES, A. C. & TURNER, R. 1991. Tertiary evolution of the Sivas Basin, Central Turkey. Tectonophysics 195, 29-46.
CEYHAN, F. 1996. Geology, Occurrences and Origin of Celestine Deposits in the Sivas Region. PhD thesis, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey [in Turkish with English abstract, unpublished].
CODY, R. D., & CODY, A. M. 1988. Gypsum nucleation and crystal morphology in analog saline terrestrial environments. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 58, 247-255.
CODY, R. D. 1991. Organo-crystalline interaction in evaporite systems: the effects of crystallization inhibition. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 61, 704-718.
CRAIG, H. 1961. Standard for reporting concentrations of deuterium and oxygen-18 in natural matters. Science 133, 1833-1934
ÇUBUK, Y., OZANSOY, C. & KAYAN, T. 1992. Geology of Battalhöyüğütepe (Ulaş-Sivas, Turkey) celestine deposits. Geolgical Society of Turkey Annual Meeting, Abstracts, 1-7 [in Turkish].
DECIMA,, A., MCKENZIE, J. A., & SCHREIBER, B.C. 1987. The origin of "evaporative" limestones: an example from the Messinian of Sicily (Italy). Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 58, 256-272.
DE PAOLO, D. J. & INGRAM, B. L. 1985. High resolution stratigraphy with strontium isotopes. Science 227, 938-941.
DOVE, M.P. & CZANK, C. A. 1995. Crystal chemical controls on the dissolution kinetics of the isostructural sulfates: celestine, anglesite, and baryte. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, 1907-1915.
EMERY, D. & ROBINSON, A. 1992. Inorganic Geochemistry Applications to Petroleum Geology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 232, Oxford.
ERDOĞAN, B., AKAY, E. & UĞUR, M. S. 1996. Geology of the Yozgat region and evolution of the collisional Çankırı Basin. International Geology Review 38, 788-806.
EVANS, G. D. & SHEARMAN, D. J. 1964. Recent celestine from the sediments of the Trucial Coast of the Persian Gulf. Nature 202, 35-386.
FAURE, G. & POWELL, J.L. 1972. Strontium Isotope Geology. Springer-Verlag, 188, New York.
FRIEDMAN, I. & O'NEIL, J. R. 1977. Complication of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest. In: FLEISCHER, M. (ed) Data of Geochemistry. U. S. Geology Survey, Professional Paper 440, 163-178.
GLADNEY, E.S., BURNS, C.E. & ROELANDTS, I. 1983. 1982 complication of elemental concentrations in eleven United States Geological Survey rock standards. Geostandards Newsletter 7, 3-226.
GLYNN, P. D. & REARDON, E. J. 1990. Solid-solution aqueous-solution equilibria: Thermodynamic theory and representation. American Journal of Science 290, 164-201.
GÖKÇE, A. & CEYHAN, F. 1988. Stratigraphy, structural features and genesis of the Miocene gypsiferous sediments in the southeastern Sivas (Turkey). Bulletin of Faculty of Engineering, Cumhuriyet University Series-A Earth Sciences 1, 91-111 [in Turkish with English abstract].
GÖKÇE, A. 1989-1990. Geology and formation of celestine deposits of south of Sivas. Bulletin of Faculty of Engineering, Cumhuriyet University Series-A Earth Sciences 6-7, 11 - 27 [in Turkish with English abstract].
GÖKÇEN, S. L. & KELLING, G. 1985. Oligocene deposits of the Zara-Hafik region. (Sivas, Central Turkey): evolution from storm influenced shelf to evaporitic basin. Geologie Rundschau 74, 139-153.
GÖKTEN, E. 1983. Stratigraphy and geological evolution of the south-southeast of Şarkışla (Sivas). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Turkey 26, 167-176 [in Turkish with English abstract].
GÖRÜR, N., ŞENGÖR, A. M. C, AKKÖK, R., & YILMAZ, Y. 1983. Sedimentological evidence for the opening of the Northern branch of Noe-Tethys in the Pontides. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Turkey 26/1, 11 -20 [in Turkish with English abstract].
GUNDLACH, H. 1959. Untersuchungen zur Geochemie des Sr auf hydrothermalen Lagerstatten. Geologie Jahrbuch 76, 637.
HARDIE, L.A. & EUGSTER, H.P. 1971. The depositional environment of marine evaporites: a case for shallow, clastic accumulation. Sedimentology 16, 187-220.
HARDIE, L. A. 1984. Evaporites: marine or non-marine. American Journal of Science 284, 193-240.
HOEFS, 1987. Stablelsotope Geochemistry (3rd ed.), Springer Verlag, Munich.
HOLLIDAY, D. W. 1970. The petrology of secondary, gypsum rocks: a review. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 40, 734-744.
KARAMANDERESI, I.H., KILIÇDAĞI, R. & KILIÇ, N. 1992. Relationship between Sıcakçermik (Sivas) geothermal system and celestine formation. Geolgical Society of Turkey Annual Meeting, Abstracts, 65 [in Turkish].
KESLER, S. E. & JONES, L.M. 1981. Sulphur and strontium isotopic geochemistry of celestine, barite and gypsum from the Mesozoic basins of north eastern Mexico. Chemical Geology 3, 21-224.
KINSMAN, D. J. J. 1966. Gypsum and anhydrite of recent age, Trucial Coast, Persian Gulf. Proceedings of the 2nd International Salt Symposium, Cleveland, Northern Ohio Geology Society 1, 302-326.
KINSMAN, D. J. J. 1969. Models of formation, sedimentary associations and diagnostic features of shallow-water and supratidal evaporites. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 53, 830-840.
KRAUSKOPF, K.B. 1979. Introduction to Geochemistry. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
KURTMAN, F. 1961. Stratigraphy of gypsiferous series in Sivas region. Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey (MTA) Bulletin 56, 26-30 [in Turkish with English abstract].
KUSHNIR, S.V. 1985. The epigenetic celestine formation mechanism for rocks containing CaSO4. Geokhimiya 10, 455-1463.
LONGINELLI, A., & CRAIG, H. 1967. Oxygen-18 variations in sulfate ions in sea-water and salina lakes. Science 156, 1431-1438.
LOWENSTEIN, T.K. 1987. Evaporite depositional fabrics in the deeply buried Jurassic Buckner Formation. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 57, 108-116.
MAGEE, J. W. 1991. Late Quaternary lacustrine, groundwater, aeolian and pedogenic gypsum in the Prungle lakes, Southeastern Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology84, 3-42.
MANDADO, J. & TENA, J.M. 1985. A peel technique for sulfate and carbonate rocks. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (research methods papers) 56, 548-549.
MARTIN, J. M., ORTEGA-HUERTAS, M. STORREZ-RUIZ, J. 1984. Genesis and evolution of strontium deposits of the Granada Basin (South eastern Spain); evidence of diagenetic replacement of a stromatolite belt. Sedimenary Geology 39, 281-288.
MURRAY, R.C. 1964. Origin and diagenesis of gypsum and anhydrite. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 34, 512-525.
MÜLLER, G. 1962. Zur Geochemie des Strontiums in Ozeanen evaporites unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der sedimentaren Coelestin lagerstatte von Hemmelte-West (Siid Oldenburg). Geologie 11, 1-90.
NORRISH, K. & CHAPPEL, B.W. 1977. X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry. In: ZUSSMAN, J. (ed) Physical Methods in Determinative Mineralogy (2nd edition), Academic Press, London) 201-272 .
OGNIBEN, L. 1955. Inverse graded bedding in primary gypsum of chemical deposition. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 25, 273-281.
OLAUSSEN, S. 1981. Formation of celestine in the Wenlock, Oslo (Norway) region. Evidence for evaporitic depositional environment. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 51, 37-46.
PERYT, T. M. 1994. The anatomy of sulphate platform and adjacent basin system in the Leba sub-basin of the Lower Werra Anhydrite (Zechstein, Upper Permian), Northern Poland. Sedimentology 41, 63-113.
PETERMAN, Z. E., HEDGE, C. E. & TOURTELOT, H. A. 1970. Isotopic commposition of Sr in sea-water throughout Phanerozoic time. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 34, 105-120
RICKMAN, D.L. 1977. The Origin of Celestine (Strontium Sulfate) Ores in the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. MSc thesis, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Institute [unpublished].
SCHOLLE, P. A., STEMMERIK, L. & HARPOTH, 0. 1990. Origin of major karst-associated celestine mineralization in Karstrygen, central-east Greenland. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 60, 397-410.
SCHREIBER, B.C. & FRIEDMAN G. M. 1976. Depositional environments of Upper Miocene (Messinian) evaporites of sicily as determined from analysis of intercalated carbonates. Sedimentology 23, 255-270.
SCHREIBER, B. C, FRIEDMAN, G. M., DECIMA, A. & SCHREIBER, E. 1976. Depositional environments of Upper Miocene (Messinian) evaporite deposits of the Sicilian Basin. Sedimentology 23, 729-760.
SCHREIBER, B. C. & EL TABAKH, M. 2000. Deposition and early alteration of evaporites. Sedimentology 47, 215-238.
SHEARMAN, D. J. 1977. Sabkha Fades Evaporites. Scientific Work Book, Department of Geology, University of London.
SONNENFELD, P. 1984. Brines and Evaporites. Academic Press, London.
STRÜBELL, G. 1969. Die hydrotermale Löslichkeit von Colestin im System SrS04-NaCl-H20. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatshefte 4, 99-109.
TARDY, Y., KREMPP, G. & TRAUTH, N. 1972. Le lithium dans les mine'raux argileux des sediments et des sols. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 36, 397-412.
TEKIN, E., AYAN, Z., & VAROL, B. 1994. Sivas-Ulaş sölestin oluşumlarının (Tersiyer) mikrodokusal özellikleri ve sıvı kapanım çalışmaları. Geological Society of Turkey Bulletin 37, 61-76 [in Turkish with English abstract].
TEKIN, E. 1995. The Origin of Celestine Occurrences in Sivas Basin (NW Ulaş) of Tertiary Age and their Sedimentoiogic and Petrographical Properties. PhD thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey [in Turkish with English abstract, unpublished].
TEKIN, E. & VAROL, B. 1997. Sivas-Ulaş Tersiyer havzası sölestinlerinin kökeni ve oluşum şekli. Selçuk Üniversitesi 20. Yıl Jeoloji Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitapçığı, 451-464 [in Turkish].
TUREKIAN, K.K. 1964. The marine geochemistry of strontium. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 28, 1479-1496.
TUREKIAN, K.K. & KULP, J.L. 1956. The geochemistry of strontium. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 10, 245-269.
USDOWSKI, E. 1973. Das geochemische Verhalten des Strontiums bei der Genese und Diagenese von Ca-carbonat und Ca-sulfat Mineralleri Contribute Mineral Petrology 38, 177-195.
UTRILLA, R., PIERRE, C, ORTI, F. & PUEYO, J. J. 1992. Oxygen and sulfur isotope compositions as indicators of the origin of Mesozoic and Cenozoic evaporites from Spain. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section) 102, 229-244
WARREN, J.K. & KENDAL, C. G. St. C. 1985. On the recognition of marine sabkhas (subaeriai) and salina (subaqueous) evaporites. American Association Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 69, 1013-1023.

APA	TEKİN E (2001). Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey). , 35 - 49.
Chicago	TEKİN Erdoğan Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey). (2001): 35 - 49.
MLA	TEKİN Erdoğan Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey). , 2001, ss.35 - 49.
AMA	TEKİN E Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey). . 2001; 35 - 49.
Vancouver	TEKİN E Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey). . 2001; 35 - 49.
IEEE	TEKİN E "Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey)." , ss.35 - 49, 2001.
ISNAD	TEKİN, Erdoğan. "Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey)". (2001), 35-49.

APA	TEKİN E (2001). Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 10(1), 35 - 49.
Chicago	TEKİN Erdoğan Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 10, no.1 (2001): 35 - 49.
MLA	TEKİN Erdoğan Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.10, no.1, 2001, ss.35 - 49.
AMA	TEKİN E Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2001; 10(1): 35 - 49.
Vancouver	TEKİN E Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2001; 10(1): 35 - 49.
IEEE	TEKİN E "Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey)." Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 10, ss.35 - 49, 2001.
ISNAD	TEKİN, Erdoğan. "Stratigraphy, geochemistry and depositional environment of the celestine-bearing gypsiferous formations of the Tertiary Ulaş-Sivas Basin, East-Central Anatolia (Turkey)". Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 10/1 (2001), 35-49.