Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?
Yıl: 2019 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 335 - 336 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 İndeks Tarihi: 06-06-2020
Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?
Öz: We read the article by İçen et al.[1] reporting the associationof ischemic changes in the aVR lead and leftventricular (LV) thrombus in patients with acute anteriormyocardial infarction with great interest. The authorsindicated that ischemic changes, such as T wavepolarity and an ST-segment deviation in the aVRlead, seemed to be predictors of LV thrombus or highgradespontaneous echo contrast in anterior myocardialinfarction patients. In recent years, abnormalitiesin the aVR lead have drawn particular attention. Asa marker of repolarization abnormality, a positive Twave observed on the aVR has emerged as a predictorof mortality and arrhythmic events in the generalpopulation[2,3] and in several diseases, including acutecoronary syndromes and cardiomyopathies.[4–6]
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- 1. İçen YK, Dönmez Y, Demirtaş AO, Koca H, Ardıç ML, Koç AS, et al. Ischemic changes in lead aVR is associated with left ventricular thrombus or high-grade spontaneous echocontrast in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2019;47:168–76.
- 2. Anttila I, Nikus K, Nieminen T, Jula A, Salomaa V, Reunanen A, et al. Relation of positive T wave in lead aVR to risk of cardiovascular mortality. Am J Cardiol 2011;108:1735–40.
- 3. Badheka AO, Patel NJ, Grover PM, Shah N, Singh V, Deshmukh A, et al. ST-T wave abnormality in lead aVR and reclassification of cardiovascular risk (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III). Am J Cardiol 2013;112:805–10.
- 4. Separham A, Sohrabi B, Tajlil A, Pourafkari L, Sadeghi R, Ghaffari S, et al. Prognostic value of positive T wave in lead aVR in patients with non-ST segment myocardial infarction. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2018;23:e12554.
- 5. Shinozaki K, Tamura A, Kadota J. Associations of positive T wave in lead aVR with hemodynamic, coronary, and left ventricular angiographic findings in anterior wall old myocardial infarction. J Cardiol 2011;57:160–4.
- 6. Ekizler FA, Cay S, Kafes H, Ozeke O, Ozcan F, Topaloglu S, et al. The prognostic value of positive T wave in lead aVR: A novel marker of adverse cardiac outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2019;24:e12631.
- 7. Wagner GS, Macfarlane P, Wellens H, Josephson M, Gorgels A, Mirvis DM, et al; American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; American College of Cardiology Foundation; Heart Rhythm Society. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part VI: acute ischemia/infarction: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:1003–11.
- 8. George A, Arumugham PS, Figueredo VM. aVR - the forgotten lead. Exp Clin Cardiol 2010;15:e36–44.
- 9. Das MK, Saha C, El Masry H, Peng J, Dandamudi G, Mahenthiran J, et al. Fragmented QRS on a 12-lead ECG: a predictor of mortality and cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart Rhythm 2007;4:1385–92.
- 10. Das MK, Maskoun W, Shen C, Michael MA, Suradi H, Desai M, et al. Fragmented QRS on twelve-lead electrocardiogram predicts arrhythmic events in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2010;7:74–80.
- 11. Pietrasik G, Goldenberg I, Zdzienicka J, Moss AJ, Zareba W. Prognostic significance of fragmented QRS complex for predicting the risk of recurrent cardiac events in patients with Qwave myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2007;100:583–6.
- 12. Ratheendran AC, Subramanian M, Bhanu DK, Prabhu MA, Kannan R, Natarajan KU, et al. Fragmented QRS on electrocardiography as a predictor of myocardial scar in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Acta Cardiol 2019:1–5.
- 13. Bayramoğlu A, Taşolar H, Bektaş O, Kaya A, Günaydın ZY. Association between fragmented QRS complexes and left ventricular dysfunction in healthy smokers. Echocardiography 2019;36:292–6.
| APA | Özcan çetin E, ÇETİN M (2019). Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?. , 335 - 336. 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| Chicago | Özcan çetin Elif hande,ÇETİN Mehmet Serkan Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?. (2019): 335 - 336. 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| MLA | Özcan çetin Elif hande,ÇETİN Mehmet Serkan Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?. , 2019, ss.335 - 336. 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| AMA | Özcan çetin E,ÇETİN M Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?. . 2019; 335 - 336. 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| Vancouver | Özcan çetin E,ÇETİN M Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?. . 2019; 335 - 336. 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| IEEE | Özcan çetin E,ÇETİN M "Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?." , ss.335 - 336, 2019. 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| ISNAD | Özcan çetin, Elif hande - ÇETİN, Mehmet Serkan. "Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?". (2019), 335-336. https://doi.org/10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| APA | Özcan çetin E, ÇETİN M (2019). Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, 47(4), 335 - 336. 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| Chicago | Özcan çetin Elif hande,ÇETİN Mehmet Serkan Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi 47, no.4 (2019): 335 - 336. 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| MLA | Özcan çetin Elif hande,ÇETİN Mehmet Serkan Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, vol.47, no.4, 2019, ss.335 - 336. 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| AMA | Özcan çetin E,ÇETİN M Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi. 2019; 47(4): 335 - 336. 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| Vancouver | Özcan çetin E,ÇETİN M Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi. 2019; 47(4): 335 - 336. 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| IEEE | Özcan çetin E,ÇETİN M "Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?." Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, 47, ss.335 - 336, 2019. 10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
| ISNAD | Özcan çetin, Elif hande - ÇETİN, Mehmet Serkan. "Positive T Wave in aVR: Is it just a mirror reflection or real?". Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi 47/4 (2019), 335-336. https://doi.org/10.5543/tkda.2019.24539 |
