Amaç: Bu çalışmada amacımız, yenidoğanlarda nöromusküler blokajın sugammadeks ile antagonize edilmesinin, klinik ekstübasyon başarısı ve rezidüel kürarizasyon sıklığı üzerine etkilerini geriye dönük verilerle tartışmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma 40 gün veya daha küçük yaşta olan ve Ocak 2012 ile Aralık 2013 tarihleri arasında karın ameliyatı geçirmiş 27 yenidoğanın verilerinin geriye dönük analizi olarak yapıldı. Anestezi indüksiyonu için roküronyum kullanılıp, sugammadeks ile antagonize edilen, Train-of-four (TOF) ile izlenen hastalar dahil edildi. Uygulanan roküronyum dozu, sugammadeks dozu, operasyon ve anestezi süresi, en son roküronyum dozundan sugammadeks uygulamasına geçen süre ve sugammadeks uygulamasınadn ekstübasyona kadar geçen süre ve ekstübasyon sırasında TOF değerleri anestezi kayıtlarından alındı. Bulgular: Ortalama yaş 10.29±11.80 gündü. Ortalama ağırlık 3.04±1.92 kg idi. Ortalama sugammadeks dozu 3.6 mg/kg idi. Son roküronyum uygulamasından sugammadeks uygulamasına kadar geçen süre 27.3±7.7 dakika, sugammadeks uygulamasından ekstübasyona kadar geçen süre 1.05±0.6 dakika idi ve ekstübasyon sırasında TOF değeri 93.5±7.3 idi. TOF 0.9’a ulaşma süresi 88.11±21.06 saniyeydi. Sonuç: Yenidoğanlarda nöromusküler blokajın geri döndürülmesi amacıyla kullanılan sugammadeksin, erişkin ve pediatrik hasta çalışmalarındaki ile benzer etkinlikte olduğu görülmüştür. Yenidoğanlarda sugammadeks ile kısa sürede ve güvenli ekstübasyon gerçekleştirilebilir.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to discuss the effects of antagonism of neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex on extubation success and residual curarization inneonates with retrospective data.Methods: The present study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of the data of 27neonates aged ≤40 days who underwent abdominal surgery between January 2012 and December 2013. Rocuronium was used for anesthesia induction, and patients whose neuromuscularblockade was antagonized by sugammadex and who were monitored with train-of-four (TOF)were included in the study. The dose of rocuronium administered, the dose of sugammadex,the duration of the operation and anesthesia, elapsed time from the last dose of rocuroniumto sugammadex administration and elapsed time from sugammadex administration to extubation, and TOF values during extubation were recorded from the anesthesia records.Results: The mean age of the patients was 10.29±11.80 days. The mean weight was3.04±1.92 kg. The mean sugammadex dose was 3.6 mg/kg. The elapsed time from the lastrocuronium to sugammadex administration was 27.3±7.7 min, the elapsed time from sugammadex administration to extubation was 1.05±0.6 min, and the TOF value during extubationwas 93.5±7.3. The time to reach TOF 0.9 was 88.11±21.06 s.Conclusion: Sugammadex, which is used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade inneonates, showed a similar efficacy as in adult and pediatric patient studies. Safe extubationcan be performed in neonates in a short period with sugammadex.

Income inequality is a very important socio-economic problem for developed countries as much as for developing countries. A number of theoretical and practical studies that have become more widespread with the acceleration of globalization have been conducted on the causes, effects and solutions of this problem. In this study, we aim to contribute to the empirical literature by analyzing the relationship between income inequality and corruption which is one of the major reasons for income inequality. We select a group of developing countries where income inequality is relatively more problematic. In addition to corruption, GDP per capita growth, population growth and unemployment rate were used as explanatory variables. The 1999-2014 data for the selected country group were analyzed using the panel regression model. Our analyses reveal that increases in unemployment and corruption lead to an increase in income inequality.