For States, raw materials and products derived from raw materials have always been important. In this study, the origin of the cannabis plant, the production and consumption of cannabis in the Ottoman Empire and the studies on cannabis in the Republican period were discussed. Various products produced from cannabis and their productions are mentioned in the Ottoman and Republican periods. It is stated in which regions cannabis production is concentrated In addition, the attempts to open a factory in order to increase production both in the Ottoman Empire and in the early years of the Republic and their results were mentioned. Which countries in the World produced how much cannabis has been demonstrated and in this case compared to the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. Distribution of cannabis lands from Ottoman to Republic according to production regions and the results obtained in parallel with this distribution are mentioned In the present study, the results of the government in the determination of the problems in the production of cannabis since the first years of the Republic and also by means of various experts in order to produce better quality cannabis were given. In general, this study focuses on the many benefits of cannabis production for governments. Moreover, the chronological process was followed by including tables on the distribution and export of cannabis production by years. In this study, especially the Ottoman Archives and Republican Archives documents, Kastamonu Province Yearbook, Hakimiyeti Milliye, Ulus, Vakit, Aksam newspapers and periodical research works were mentioned and the production and development of cannabis from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic were mentioned.