Yıl: 2018 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 7 Sayfa Aralığı: 891 - 903 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07 İndeks Tarihi: 14-07-2020

Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811)

Öz:
Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811) fed with diets based on 100% fish oil (FO), 67-33%, 50-50% and 33-67% soybean oil-linseed oil (SO-LO) during 90 days were affected in terms of weigth gain, specific growth rate, feedconversion ratio and hepatosomatix index significantly (P<0.05) while the survival rate was not affected at all. Tissue fattyacid profiles of the individuals were affected by the degree of dietary treatments (P<0.05). For instance, the highest linoleicacid (18:2n-6, LA) content of the muscle and liver tissues were exhibited in the group fed with 67-33 % SO-LO diet, wherethe highest linolenic acid (18:3n-3, LNA) was detected in the group fed with 33-67% SO-LO diet (P<0.05). In contrast tolinoleic and linolenic acids, the highest values of palmitic (18:0), eicosepentaoneic (20:5n-3, EPA) and docohecsaenoic acids(22:6n-3, DHA) were indicated in group fed with fish oil based diet (P<0.05). Gene expression of desaturase in the muscleand liver tissues of individuals fed with 33-67% SO-LO included feeds were higher than those fed with FO. Similarly, geneexpression of elongase both in the liver and muscle in individuals fed with (50-50% SO-LO, 33-67% SO-LO) and (50-50%SO-LO, 67-33% SO-LO) respectively were higher than those fed with FO. As a result, it was determined that use of 50-50%SO-LO in Black Sea trout diets is acceptable without an adverse effect on growth and feed conversion, and also this specieshave a capability of conversion 18:2n-6 to 20:4n-6 and 18:3n-3 to 22:6n-3.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Abouel-Yazeed, A.M. (2013). Fatty acids profile of some marine water and freshwater fish. Journal of The Arabian Aquaculture Society, 8(2), 283-292.
  • Almaida-Pagan, P.F., Hernandez, M.D., Garcia, B.G., Madrid, J.A., De Costa, J., & Mendiola, P. (2007). Effects of total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils on n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid desaturation and elongation ın sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) hepatocytes and enterocytes. Aquaculture 272, 589–598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.08.017
  • Aminikhoei, Z., Choi, J., Lee, S.M., & Kim, K.D. (2013). Effects of different dietary lipid sources on growth performance, fatty acid composition, and antioxidant enzyme activity of juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 44(5),716-725. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12070
  • AOAC (1990). Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, MA.
  • Aras, N.M., Haliloglu, H.I., Ayık, O., & Yetim, H. (2003). Comparison of fatty acid profiles of different tissues of mature trout (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas, 1811) caught from kazandere creek in the Coruh Region, Erzurum, Turkey, Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 27, 311- 316.
  • Arslan, M., Sirkecioglu, N., Bayır, A., Arslan, H., & Aras, M. (2012). The influence of substitution of dietary fish oil with different vegetable oils on performance and fatty acid composition of brown trout, Salmo trutta. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12, 575-583. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303- 2712-v12_3_04
  • Babalola, T.O.O., & Apata, D.F. (2011). Chemical and quality evaluation of some alternative lipid sources for aqua feed production. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2(6), 935-943. https://doi:10.5251/abjna.2011.2.6.935.943
  • Bell, J.G., Henderson, R.J., Tocher, D.R., & Sargent, J.R. (2004). Replacement of dietary fish oil with ıncreasing levels of linseed oil: modification of flesh fatty acid compositions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using a fish oil finishing diet. Lipids, 39(3), 223-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-004-1223-5
  • Böhm, M. (2012). Tissue-specific response of fatty acid signatures to diet in cultured carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (Master Thesis). University of Vienna. Austria.
  • Cengiz, E.I., Unlü, E., & Bashan, M. (2010). Fatty acid composition of total lipids in muscle tissues of nine freshwater fish from the River Tigris (Turkey). Turk. J. Biol., 34, 433-438. http://doi.org/10.3906/biy-0903- 19
  • Codabaccus, B.S. (2011). Alternatives to fish oil substitution - An assessment of strategies for sustaining n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) levels in salmonids (PhD Thesis). University of Tasmania, Australia.
  • Costa-Pierce, B.A., Bartley, D.M., Hasan, M., Yusoff, F., Kaushik, S.J., Rana, K., Lemos, D., Bueno, P., & Yakupitiyage, A. (2011). Responsible use of resources for sustainable aquaculture. Global Conference on Aquaculture 2010, Sept. 22-25, 2010, Phuket, Thailand. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.
  • Czesny, S, & Dabrowski, K. (1998). The effect of egg fatty acid concentrations on embryo viability in wild and domesticated walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). Aquat. Living Resour., 11, 371–378, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0990-7440(99)80002-3
  • Dadras, S. (2013). Composition and morphology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) as affected by dietary oil. Master Thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Norway.
  • Dedeler, H. (2013). The effect of diets including fish oil and vegetable oil sources and their use in cycles growth and fatty acid composition of juveniles european seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (Master thesis). Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
  • Dernekbası, S. (2012). Digestibility and liver fatty acid composition of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed by graded levels of canola oil. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12, 105-113, https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v12_1_13
  • Diaz-Lopez, M., Perez, M.J., Acosta, N.G., Jerez, S., DortaGuerra, R., Tocher, D.R., & Lorenzo, A. (2010). Effects of dietary fish oil substitution by echium oil on enterocyte and hepatocyte lipid metabolism of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol., 155(4), 371-3799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.12.004
  • Drew, M.D., Ogunkoya, A.E., Janz, D.M., & Van Kassel, A.G. (2007). Dietary influence of replacing fish meal and oil with canola protein concentrate and vegetable oils on growth performance, fatty acid composition and organochlorine residues in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 267, 260–268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.002.
  • Dubey, P., Jayasooriya, A.P., & Cheema, S.K. (2011). Diets enriched in fish-oil or seal-oil have distinct effects on lipid levels and peroxidation in bioF1B hamsters. Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, 4, 7-17, https://doi.org/10.4137/NMI.S6728
  • Ebrahimi, C., & Ouraji, H., 2012. Growth performance and body composition of kutum fingerlings, Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamenskii 1901), in response to dietary protein levels, Turk. J. Zool., 36(4), 551-558, https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1008-139.
  • Eroldogan, T.O., Turcihini, G.M., Yılmaz, A.H., Tasbozan, O., Engin, K., Olcülü, A., Ozsahinoglu, I., & Mumogullarında, P. (2012). Potential of cottonseed oil as fish oil replacer in european sea bass feed formulation. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12, 787-797. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303- 2712-v12_4_07
  • Eroldogan, T.O., Yılmaz, A.H., Turcihini, G.M., Arslan, M., Sirkecioglu, N.A., Engin, K., Ozsahinoglu, I., & Mumogullarında, P. (2013). Fatty acid metabolism in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): effects of n-6 pufa and mufa in fish oil replaced diets. Fish. Physiol. Biochem. 39, 941–955, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-012-9753-7
  • FAO (2014) The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2014. Rome. 223 pp.
  • FAO (2016). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2016. Rome. 200 pp.
  • Folch, J., Less, M., & Stanley, G.H.S. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from annimal tissue. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.
  • Fountoulaki, E., Vasilaki, A., Hurtado, R., Grigorakis, K., Karacostas, I., Nengas, I., Rigos, G., Kotzamanis, Y., Venou, B., & Alexis, M.N. (2009). Fish oil substitution by vegetable oils in commercial diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.); effects on growth performance, flesh quality and fillet fatty acid profile recovery of fatty acid profiles by a fish oil finishing diet under fluctuating water temperatures. Aquaculture, 289, 317-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.023
  • Gonzalez-Rovira, A., Mourente, G., Zheng, X., Tocher, D.R., & Pendon, C. (2009). Molecular and functional characterization and expression analysis of a n6 fatty acyl desaturase cDNA of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Aquaculture, 298, 90-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.10.012
  • Guler, M., & Yıldız, M. (2011). Eff ects of dietary fi sh oil replacement by cottonseed oil on growth performance and fatty acid composition of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 35(3), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1002-252
  • Hung, P.D., & Mao, N.D. (2009). Effects of the partial substitution fish oil by soybean oil in the diets on muscle fatty acid composition of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquaculture Asia Magazine, 14(4), 38-40.
  • Hunt, A.O., & Tekelioglu, N. (2004). Effect of dietary lipit sources on the growth and liver fatty acid composition of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758). Süleyman Demirel University Eğirdir Faculty of Fisheries Magazine, 2(12), 20-25.
  • Johansen, K.A., & Overturf, K. (2005). Quantitative expression analysis of genes affecting muscle growth during development of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mar. Biotechnol., 7, 579-587.
  • Jiang X., Chen, L., Qin, J., Qin, C., Jiang, H., & Li, E. (2013). Effects of dietary soybean oil inclusion to replace fish oil on growth, muscle fatty acid composition, and immune responses of juvenile dark barbel catfish, Pelteobagrus vachelli. African Journal of Agricultural Research., 8(16), 1492-1499, https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR12.156.
  • Jonasson, B. (2008). Replacing fish oil in Arctic charr diets (Master Thesis). University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland.
  • Karalazos, V. (2007). Sustainable alternatives to fish meal and fish oil in fish nutrition: Effects on growth, tissue fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism (PhD Thesis). University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland.
  • Kenari, A.A., Mozanzadeh, M.T., & Pourgholam, R. (2011). Effects of total fish oil replacement to vegetable oils at two dietary lipid levels on the growth, body composition, haemato-immunological and serum biochemical parameters in Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, 1877). Aquaculture Research, 42, 1131-1144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02701.x
  • Kutluyer, F., Sirkecioglu, A.N., Aksakal, E., Aksakal, F.I., Tunç, A., & Günaydin, E. (2017). Effect of dietary fish oil replacement with plants oils on growth performance and genes expression in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Annals of Animal Science, https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0010
  • Ling, S., Kuah, M.K., Muhammad, T.S.T., Kolkovsk, S., & Shu-Chien, A.C. (2006). Effect of dietary HUFA on reproductive performance, tissue fatty acid profile and desaturase and elongase mRNAs in female swordtail Xiphophorus helleri. Aquaculture 261, 204-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.06.045
  • Masiha, A., Ebrahimi, E., Soofiani, N.M., & Kadivar, M. (2013). Effect of dietary vegetable oils on the growth performance and fatty acid composition of fingerlings of Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Food Science and Technology, 1(2), 21-29, https://doi.org/10.13189/fst.2013.010202
  • Metcalfe, L.D. & Schmitz, A.A. (1961). The rapid prepation of fatt acid esters for gass chromatographic analysis. Anal. Chem., 33, 363-364.
  • Miller, M.R., Bridle, A.R., Vichols, P.D., & Carter, C.G. (2008). Increased elongase and desaturase gene expression with stearidonic acid enriched diet does not enhance long-chain (n-3) content of seawater Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The Journal of Nutrition, 138, 2179-2185. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.108.091702
  • Molnar, T., Biro, J., Hancz, C., Romvari, R., Varga, D., Horn, P., & Szabo, A. (2012). Fatty acid profile of fillet, liver and mesenteric fat in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed vegetable oil supplementation in the finishing period of fattening. Archiv. Tierzucht., 55(2), 194-25.
  • Montero, D., Robaina, L., Caballero, M.J., Gines, R., & Izquierdo, M.S. (2005). Growth, feed utilization and flesh quality of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed diets containing vegetable oils: a timecourse study on the effect of a re-feeding period with a 100% fish oil diet. Aquaculture, 248, 121-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.03.003
  • Mourente, G., Dick, J.R., Bell, J.G., & Tocher, D.R. (2005). Effect of partial substitution of dietary fish oil by vegetable oils on desaturation and h-oxidation of [1- 14C] 18:3n-3 (LNA) and [1-14C] 20:5n-3 (EPA) in hepatocytes and enterocytes of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Aquaculture, 248, 173- 186. https://doi 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.023
  • Mourente, G., & Bell, J.G. (2006). Partial replacement of dietary fish oil with blends of vegetable oils (rapeseed, linseed and palm oils) in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax l.) Over a long term growth study: effects on muscle and liver fatty acid composition and effectiveness of a fish oil finishing diet. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B, 145(3-4), 389-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.08.012
  • Nanton, D.A., Vegusdal, A., Rora, A.M.B., Ruyter, B., Baeverfjord, G., & Torstensen, B.E. (2007). Muscle lipid storage pattern, composition, and adipocyte distribution in different parts of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed fish oil and vegetable oil. Aquaculture, 265, 230-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.053
  • Ozsahinoglu, I., Eroldoğan, T., Mumogullarında, P., Dikel S., Engin, K., Yılmaz, A.H., Arslan, M., & Sirkecioglu, A.N. (2013). Partial replacement of fish oil with vegetable oils in diets for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): effects on growth performance and fatty acids profile. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13, 819-825. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v13_3_05
  • Peng, S., Chen, L., Quin, J.G., Hou, J., Yu, N., Long, Z., Ye, J., & Sun, X. (2008). Effects of replacement of dietary fish oil by soybean oil on growth performance and liver biochemical composition in juvenile Black Sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Aquaculture, 276, 154-161. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.01.035
  • Petterson, A., Johnsson, L., Brannas, E., & Pickova, J. (2009). Effects of rapeseed oil replacement in fish feed on lipid composition and self-selection by Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(6), 577-586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00625x
  • Petterson, A. (2010). Effects of replacing fish oil with vegetable oils in feed for Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) (PhD Thesis). Swedish University, Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Pfaffl, M.W. (2001). A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time, RT–PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 2003-2007.
  • Pickova, J., & Morkore, T. (2007). Alternate oils in fish feeds. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 109, 256–263. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200600222
  • Piedecausa, M.A., Mazon, M.J., Garcia, B.G., & Hernandez, M.D. (2007). Effects of total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils in the diets of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo). Aquaculture, 263, 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.039
  • Pratoomyot, J., Bendiksen, E.A., Bell, J.G., & Tocher, D.R. (2008). Comparison of effects of vegetable oils blended with southern hemisphere fish oil and decontaminated northern hemisphere fish oil on growth performance, composition and gene expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 280, 170-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.04.028
  • Pratoomyot, J. (2010). Investigating alternative raw materials and diet formulations on growth performance, lipid metabolism and gene expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) (PhD Thesis). University of Stirling, Scotland. Reinhardt, R., & Corcos, L. (2011). Cloning, tissue expression analysis, and functional characterization of two Δ6-desaturase variants of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Mar biotechnol., 13, 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9264-4
  • Sargent, J.R., McEvoy, L.A., & Bell, J.G. (1997). Requirements, presentation polyunsaturated fatty acids larval feeds and sources of in marine fish. Aquaculture, 155, 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00122-1
  • Sargent, J., Bell, G., McEvoy, L., Tocher, D., & Estevez, A. (1999). Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish. Aquaculture, 177, 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00083-6
  • Senadheera, S.D. (2012). Modulating LC-PUFA biosynthesis in freshwater farmed fish (PhD Thesis). Deakin University, Australia.
  • Singh, S.K., Rather, M.A., Mamndal, S.C., Das, P., Pawar, N., Singh, Y.J., & Dar, S.A. (2012). Effects of dietary fish oil substitution with palm oil on growth, survival, and muscle proximate composition of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822), The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture- Bamidgeh, 61, 1-5.
  • Sirkecioglu, A.N. (2011). Effects of different dietary lipids sources and temperature on lipid metabolism, growth performance and some mRNA expression in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (PhD Thesis). Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Steffens W. (1997). Effects of variation feeds on nutritive in essential fatty acids in fish value of freshwater fish for humans. Aquaculture, 151(1-4), 97-l19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01493-7
  • Tocher, D.R., Bell, J.G., MacGlaughlin, P., McGhee, F., & Dick, J.R. (2001). Hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil. Comparitive Biochemistry and Physiology Part B, 130, 257-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096- 4959(01)00429-8
  • Tocher, D.R., Zheng, X., Schlechtriem, C., Hastings, N., Dick, J.R., & Teale, A.J. (2006). Highly unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in marine fish: cloning, functional characterization, and nutritional regulation of fatty acyl Δ6 desaturase of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Lipids, 41(11), 1003-1016.
  • Torstensen, B., Lie, Q., & Froyland, L. (2000). Lipid metabolism and tissue composition in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) effects of capelin oil, palm oil, and oleic acid-enriched sunflower oil as dietary lipid sources. Lipids, 35(6), 653-664.
  • Torstensen, B.E., Espa, M., Sanden, M., Stubhaug, I., Waagbq, R., Hemre, G.I., Fontanillas, R., Nordgarden, U., Hevroy, E.M., Olsvik, P., & Berntssen, M.H.G. (2008). Novel production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) protein based on combined replacement of fish meal and fish oil with plant meal and vegetable oil blends. Aquaculture, 285, 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.08.025
  • Torstensen, B.E., & Tocher, D.R. (2010). The effects of fish oil replacement on lipid metabolism of fish. In: G.M. Turchini, W.Ke. Ng, & D.R. Tocher (Eds.), Fish Oil Replacement and Alternative Lipid Sources in Aquaculture Feeds (pp. 405-437).
  • Trushenski, J.T., Boesenberg, J., & Kohler, C.C. (2009). Influence of grow-out feed fatty acid composition on finishing success in nile tilapia. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 71(3), 242-251. https://doi.org/10.1577/A08-051.1
  • Yılmaz, H.A., & Eroldogan, O.T. (2015). Effects of fish oil substitution with two different vegetable oil classes on fatty acid digestibility in juvenile european Sea Bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 15, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v15_1_01
  • Yones, A.M., El-Saidy, D.M.S.D., & Abdel-Hakim, N.F. (2013). Effects of fish oil substitution with vegetable oils in diets of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) on growth performance, nutrients utilization and muscle fatty acids contents. Merit Research Journal of Food Science and Technology, 1(1), 9-018.
  • Zheng, X., Tocher, D.R., Dickson, C.A., Bell J.G., & Teale, A.J. (2004a). Effects of diets containing vegetable oil on expression of genes involved in highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in liver of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 236, 467-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.02.003
  • Zheng, X., Seiliez, I., Hastings, N., Tocher, D.R., Panserat, S., Dickson, C.A., Bergot, P., & Teale A.J. (2004b). Characterization and comparison of fatty acyl D6 desaturase cDNAs from freshwater and marine teleost fish species. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B., 139, 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.08.003
  • Zheng, X., Torstensen, B.E., Tocher, D.R., Dick, J.R., Henderson R.J., Bell J.G. (2005). Environmental and dietary influences on highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and expression of fatty acyl desaturase and elongase genes in liver of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1734, 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2005.01.006
APA ÖZEL O, çakmak e, ÖZTÜRK E (2018). Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811). , 891 - 903. 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
Chicago ÖZEL Osman Tolga,çakmak eyüp,ÖZTÜRK Ergin Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811). (2018): 891 - 903. 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
MLA ÖZEL Osman Tolga,çakmak eyüp,ÖZTÜRK Ergin Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811). , 2018, ss.891 - 903. 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
AMA ÖZEL O,çakmak e,ÖZTÜRK E Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811). . 2018; 891 - 903. 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
Vancouver ÖZEL O,çakmak e,ÖZTÜRK E Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811). . 2018; 891 - 903. 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
IEEE ÖZEL O,çakmak e,ÖZTÜRK E "Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811)." , ss.891 - 903, 2018. 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
ISNAD ÖZEL, Osman Tolga vd. "Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811)". (2018), 891-903. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
APA ÖZEL O, çakmak e, ÖZTÜRK E (2018). Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18(7), 891 - 903. 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
Chicago ÖZEL Osman Tolga,çakmak eyüp,ÖZTÜRK Ergin Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 18, no.7 (2018): 891 - 903. 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
MLA ÖZEL Osman Tolga,çakmak eyüp,ÖZTÜRK Ergin Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.18, no.7, 2018, ss.891 - 903. 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
AMA ÖZEL O,çakmak e,ÖZTÜRK E Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2018; 18(7): 891 - 903. 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
Vancouver ÖZEL O,çakmak e,ÖZTÜRK E Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2018; 18(7): 891 - 903. 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
IEEE ÖZEL O,çakmak e,ÖZTÜRK E "Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811)." Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18, ss.891 - 903, 2018. 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07
ISNAD ÖZEL, Osman Tolga vd. "Effects of Alternative Oil Sources on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism and mRNA Level of Some Genes in Juvenile Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas,1811)". Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 18/7 (2018), 891-903. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v18_7_07