Comparison of Earliest and Later Autobiographical Memories in Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Yıl: 2019 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 45 - 78 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.26650/SP2018-0037 İndeks Tarihi: 20-09-2020
Comparison of Earliest and Later Autobiographical Memories in Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Öz: The current study examined earliest memories of young and middle-aged adultsin comparison to a recent autobiographical memory and a free-report one fromany life phase. These three types of memories were compared in terms of theirmemory characteristics such as vividness, emotionality, importance, confidence,and rehearsal frequency. A total of 319 young (18-30 years) and 112 middle-aged(40-65 years) adults completed the online survey. Results showed that earliestmemories were rated either similar to or lower than later memories in theirmemory characteristics. More specifically, they received lower ratings than freereport memories in all memory characteristics whereas they did not significantlydiffer from recent memories only in importance and emotionality. In addition,free-report memories were highest in emotionality, importance and rehearsalfrequency whereas recent memories were highest in vividness and confidenceratings. Compared to young adults, middle-aged adults provided higher ratingsfor all memory characteristics in general, and they further recalled earliestmemories from an older age. Finally, the order of reporting the three types ofmemories (earliest memory first versus recent memory first) was examinedwith respect to its potential influence on memory characteristics and dating ofthe recalled memories. Results displayed no significant effect of the reportingorder on memory characteristics. Dating of the earliest and free-report memories,however, was significantly affected by the reporting order. The mean age forearliest memories was higher when it was retrieved following the recent memorycompared to the reporting order in which earliest memories are retrieved andreported first. Overall, results indicated that earliest memories are not particularlyspecial compared to later memories (e.g., free-report memories) in terms of theirmemory characteristics, and they are vulnerable to experimental manipulationsuch as changing the reporting order just like other types of autobiographicalmemories.
Anahtar Kelime: Genç ve Orta Yaşlı Yetişkinlerin En Eski ve Daha Sonraki Otobiyografik Anılarının Karşılaştırılması
Öz: Bu araştırma genç ve orta yaştaki yetişkinlerin en eski anılarını, yakın geçmişlerinden hatırladıkları anıları (yakın) ve hayatlarının herhangi bir evresinden hatırladıkları anıları (serbest) karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu üç tip anı (en eski, yakın ve serbest), canlılık, duygusallık, önem, eminlik ve tekrar sıklığı gibi anı özellikleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Toplam 319 genç (18-30 yaş) ve 112 orta yaştaki (40-65 yaş) yetişkin internet üzerinden çevrimiçi olarak anketi tamamlamıştır. Bulgular en eski anıların sonraki iki anı tipine kıyasla olay özellikleri bakımından ya benzer ya da daha düşük değerlendirildiğini göstermiştir. Daha detaylı açıklamak gerekirse, en eski anıların serbest anılara oranla tüm olay özelliklerinde anlamlı düzeyde düşük değerlendirilmiş olduğu, yakın anılara kıyasla ise duygusallık ve önem özellikleri dışında geri kalan tüm olay özelliklerinde aynı şekilde düşük değerlendirilmiş olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak, serbest anıların duygusallık, önem ve tekrar sıklığı özelliklerinde en yüksek değerleri gösterirken yakın otobiyografik anıların canlılık ve eminlik özelliklerinde en yüksek değerleri gösterdiği görülmüştür. Yaş grupları arasındaki farklılıklar incelendiğinde ise orta yaştaki yetişkinlerin genel olarak tüm olay özelliklerinde genç yetişkinlere kıyasla daha yüksek değerlendirmeler yaptıkları ve en eski anılarını daha geç yaşlardan hatırladıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Son olarak, bu üç anı tipinin hatırlanma ya da rapor edilme sırasının (en eski anının ilk anlatılması veya yakın anının ilk anlatılması) olay özellikleri ve hatırlanan anıların tarihinin saptanması üzerinde olası etkileri incelenmiştir. Bulgular, anı tiplerinin rapor edilme sırasının olay özellikleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığını göstermiştir. Fakat, hatırlanma sırası hatırlanmış olan en eski ve serbest anıların zaman tahminlerini anlamlı düzeyde etkilemiştir. Örneğin, en eski anıların geldiği ortalama yaşın, yakın anılardan sonra çağırıldıklarında ilk olarak en eski anının hatırlandığı duruma kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Genel olarak, bulgular en eski anıların olay özellikleri bakımından diğer anı tiplerine göre çok da özel olmadığını ve rapor edilme sırasının değiştirilmesi gibi deneysel manipülasyonların etkisine diğer anılara benzer şekilde açık olduklarını öne sürmüştür.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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| APA | Ece B, DEMİRAY B, Öner S, Gülgöz S (2019). Comparison of Earliest and Later Autobiographical Memories in Young and Middle-Aged Adults. , 45 - 78. 10.26650/SP2018-0037 |
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| APA | Ece B, DEMİRAY B, Öner S, Gülgöz S (2019). Comparison of Earliest and Later Autobiographical Memories in Young and Middle-Aged Adults. Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online), 39(1), 45 - 78. 10.26650/SP2018-0037 |
| Chicago | Ece Berivan,DEMİRAY Burcu,Öner Sezin,Gülgöz Sami Comparison of Earliest and Later Autobiographical Memories in Young and Middle-Aged Adults. Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online) 39, no.1 (2019): 45 - 78. 10.26650/SP2018-0037 |
| MLA | Ece Berivan,DEMİRAY Burcu,Öner Sezin,Gülgöz Sami Comparison of Earliest and Later Autobiographical Memories in Young and Middle-Aged Adults. Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online), vol.39, no.1, 2019, ss.45 - 78. 10.26650/SP2018-0037 |
| AMA | Ece B,DEMİRAY B,Öner S,Gülgöz S Comparison of Earliest and Later Autobiographical Memories in Young and Middle-Aged Adults. Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online). 2019; 39(1): 45 - 78. 10.26650/SP2018-0037 |
| Vancouver | Ece B,DEMİRAY B,Öner S,Gülgöz S Comparison of Earliest and Later Autobiographical Memories in Young and Middle-Aged Adults. Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online). 2019; 39(1): 45 - 78. 10.26650/SP2018-0037 |
| IEEE | Ece B,DEMİRAY B,Öner S,Gülgöz S "Comparison of Earliest and Later Autobiographical Memories in Young and Middle-Aged Adults." Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online), 39, ss.45 - 78, 2019. 10.26650/SP2018-0037 |
| ISNAD | Ece, Berivan vd. "Comparison of Earliest and Later Autobiographical Memories in Young and Middle-Aged Adults". Psikoloji çalışmaları (Online) 39/1 (2019), 45-78. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0037 |
