How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey

Nuray SAKALLI UĞURLU, (Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)
Beril TÜRKOĞLU, (Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)
Abdülkadir KUZLAK (Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)
Nesne Dergisi
36 2
Yıl: 2018 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 13 Sayfa Aralığı: 309 - 336 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04 İndeks Tarihi: 15-10-2020

How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey

Öz:
Although gender stereotypes is a popular topic in social psychology, research on gender stereotypes in Turkish culture is limited. Therefore the purpose of the study was twofold: (1) to present how people describe women and men, and (2) to generate the underlying themes of the descriptions for each gender in order to present the structure of gender stereotypes in Turkish culture. By using free response method, undergraduates (N = 491) were asked to write down 10 adjectives to describe women and men. Frequencies showed that women were mostly described as emotional, jealous, easily-offended, faithful, delicate, self sacrificing, warm, intelligent, sensitive, gossipy, ambitious, compassionate, beautiful, considerate, hardworking, attractive, and fragile; whereas men were mostly described as jealous, strong, selfish, emotional, ambitious, angry, rude, childish, rational, hardworking, intelligent, honest, brave, and protective. Further, these stereotypes were combined under four basic themes (appearance, personality, gender roles and power) and their subthemes to present the structure of gender stereotypes. Women’s stereotypes were structured mostly under their personality traits (warmth, selfishness, fragility, agency, and sociability) followed by gender roles (motherhood, and faithfulness), appearance, and power (strength, and weakness) themes, respectively. Men’s stereotypes were structured mostly under their personality traits (selfishness, agency, emotionality, irresponsibility, sociability, emotionlessness, and womanizer), but differently followed by power (manhood, and dominance), gender roles (fatherhood/breadwinner, and faithfulness), and appearance. Findings were discussed in the light of the existing literature on gender stereotypes, sexism, and manhood.
Anahtar Kelime:

Kadınlar ve Erkekler Nasıl Algılanır? Günümüz Türkiye’sinde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kalıpyargılarının Yapısı

Öz:
Cinsiyet kalıpyargıları sosyal psikolojinin popüler araştırma konularından biri olmasına rağmen, Türkiye’de bu konuda yapılmış araştırma sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma Türkiye kültüründe (1) kadın ve erkeklerin nasıl tanımlandığını ve (2) bu tanımlamalardan üretilen temalarla cinsiyet kalıpyargılarının yapısının gözler önüne serilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Serbest cevap yöntemi kullanılarak, 491 üniversite öğrencisinden Türkiye’de kadınları ve erkekleri tanımlayan 10 sıfat yazmaları istenmiştir. Frekans analizine göre, kadınlar en çok duygusal, kıskanç, alıngan, sadık, hassas, fedakar, sevecen, akıllı, duyarlı, dedikoducu, hırslı, şefkatli, güzel, düşünceli, çalışkan, çekici ve kırılgan sıfatları ile tanımlanırken; erkekler en çok kıskanç, güçlü, bencil, duygusal, hırslı, sinirli, kaba, çocuksu, mantıklı, çalışkan, zeki, dürüst, cesur ve koruyucu sıfatları ile tanımlanmıştır. İlaveten, elde edilen kalıpyargılar, dış görünüş, kişilik, cinsiyet rolleri ve güç olmak üzere dört temel tema ve onların alt temalarına göre sınıflandırılarak toplumsal cinsiyet kalıpyargılarının yapısı gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Buna göre, kadınlarla ilgili kalıpyargılar sırasıyla kişilik özellikleri (sevecenlik, bencillik, kırılganlık, amil, sosyallik), cinsiyet rolleri (annelik ve sadakat), görünüm ve güç (güçlülük ve zayıflık) ile ilgili temalarla yapılandırılmıştır. Erkeklerle ilgili kalıpyargılar ise, sırasıyla, kişilik özellikleri (bencillik, amil, duygusallık, sorumsuzluk, sosyallik, duygusuzluk, çapkınlık), güç (erkeklik ve baskınlık), cinsiyet rolleri (babalık/ev reisliği ve sadakat) ve görünüm ile ilgili temalarla yapılandırılmıştır. Bulgular kalıpyargılar, toplumsal cinsiyetçilik ve erkeklik yazınının ışığı altında tartışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA Sakallı N, Türkoğlu B, KUZLAK A (2018). How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey. , 309 - 336. 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
Chicago Sakallı Nuray,Türkoğlu Beril,KUZLAK Abdülkadir How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey. (2018): 309 - 336. 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
MLA Sakallı Nuray,Türkoğlu Beril,KUZLAK Abdülkadir How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey. , 2018, ss.309 - 336. 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
AMA Sakallı N,Türkoğlu B,KUZLAK A How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey. . 2018; 309 - 336. 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
Vancouver Sakallı N,Türkoğlu B,KUZLAK A How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey. . 2018; 309 - 336. 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
IEEE Sakallı N,Türkoğlu B,KUZLAK A "How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey." , ss.309 - 336, 2018. 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
ISNAD Sakallı, Nuray vd. "How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey". (2018), 309-336. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
APA Sakallı N, Türkoğlu B, KUZLAK A (2018). How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey. Nesne Dergisi, 6(13), 309 - 336. 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
Chicago Sakallı Nuray,Türkoğlu Beril,KUZLAK Abdülkadir How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey. Nesne Dergisi 6, no.13 (2018): 309 - 336. 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
MLA Sakallı Nuray,Türkoğlu Beril,KUZLAK Abdülkadir How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey. Nesne Dergisi, vol.6, no.13, 2018, ss.309 - 336. 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
AMA Sakallı N,Türkoğlu B,KUZLAK A How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey. Nesne Dergisi. 2018; 6(13): 309 - 336. 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
Vancouver Sakallı N,Türkoğlu B,KUZLAK A How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey. Nesne Dergisi. 2018; 6(13): 309 - 336. 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
IEEE Sakallı N,Türkoğlu B,KUZLAK A "How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey." Nesne Dergisi, 6, ss.309 - 336, 2018. 10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
ISNAD Sakallı, Nuray vd. "How are Women and Men Perceived? Structure of Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary Turkey". Nesne Dergisi 6/13 (2018), 309-336. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-06-13-04
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