The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*
Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 231 - 242 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.18506/anemon.521583 İndeks Tarihi: 17-10-2020
The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*
Öz: The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of human capital and innovation output oneconomic growth in Malaysia and Turkey, over the period 1988-2013. The conventional Unit RootTests reveal that all the variables are stationary after taking the first difference, and the JohansenTests of Co-Integration demonstrate that the variables are co-integrated. Specifically, we find thatin both countries, human capital, innovation output and physical capital have a significant positiveeffect on economic growth. The Causality tests indicate two unidirectional causalities that run fromhuman capital and innovation to economic growth and a bidirectional causality between physicalcapital and innovation in Malaysia.
Anahtar Kelime: Beşeri Sermaye ve İnovasyon Çıktısı’nın Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: Malezya ile Türkiye’nin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
Öz: Bu makalenin amacı, 1988-2013 dönemi, Malezya ve Türkiye’de beşeri sermaye ve inovasyon çıktısının ekonomik büyümeye etkisini incelemektir. Geleneksel Birim Kök Testleri, değişkenlerinin birinci farkı alındıktan sonra durağan olduğunu göstermektedir, Johansen Eş-Bütünleşme Testleri tüm değişkenlerin uzun dönemde eş-bütünleşik olduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle, her iki ülkede, uzun dönemde beşeri sermaye, inovasyon çıktısı ve fiziki sermaye ekonomik büyümeye anlamlı ve pozitif etkisi olduğunu bulduk. Nedensellik Testi, Malezya değişkenlerinde beşeri sermaye ve inovasyon çıktısından ekonomik büyümeye iki tek yönlü nedensellik ilişki ve fiziki sermaye ile inovasyon çıktısı arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunduğunu göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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| APA | 吾斯曼 努, Ndzembanteh A (2020). The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*. , 231 - 242. 10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| Chicago | 吾斯曼 努尔艾力,Ndzembanteh Aboubakary Nulambeh The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*. (2020): 231 - 242. 10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| MLA | 吾斯曼 努尔艾力,Ndzembanteh Aboubakary Nulambeh The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*. , 2020, ss.231 - 242. 10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| AMA | 吾斯曼 努,Ndzembanteh A The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*. . 2020; 231 - 242. 10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| Vancouver | 吾斯曼 努,Ndzembanteh A The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*. . 2020; 231 - 242. 10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| IEEE | 吾斯曼 努,Ndzembanteh A "The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*." , ss.231 - 242, 2020. 10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| ISNAD | 吾斯曼, 努尔艾力 - Ndzembanteh, Aboubakary Nulambeh. "The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*". (2020), 231-242. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| APA | 吾斯曼 努, Ndzembanteh A (2020). The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 231 - 242. 10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| Chicago | 吾斯曼 努尔艾力,Ndzembanteh Aboubakary Nulambeh The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 8, no.1 (2020): 231 - 242. 10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| MLA | 吾斯曼 努尔艾力,Ndzembanteh Aboubakary Nulambeh The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol.8, no.1, 2020, ss.231 - 242. 10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| AMA | 吾斯曼 努,Ndzembanteh A The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2020; 8(1): 231 - 242. 10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| Vancouver | 吾斯曼 努,Ndzembanteh A The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2020; 8(1): 231 - 242. 10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| IEEE | 吾斯曼 努,Ndzembanteh A "The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*." Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8, ss.231 - 242, 2020. 10.18506/anemon.521583 |
| ISNAD | 吾斯曼, 努尔艾力 - Ndzembanteh, Aboubakary Nulambeh. "The Impact of Human Capital and Innovation Output on Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis of Malaysia and Turkey*". Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 8/1 (2020), 231-242. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.521583 |
