Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma

Carman, Kursat Bora; Yarar, Coskun; Sahin, Sabiha

doi:10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450

Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma

Sabiha ŞAHİN, (Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Acil Kliniği, Eskişehir, Türkiye)

Kürşat Bora CARMAN, (Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Nörolojisi Anabilim Dalı, Eskişehir, Türkiye)

Çoşkun YARAR (Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Nörolojisi Anabilim Dalı, Eskişehir, Türkiye)

Çocuk Acil ve Yoğun Bakım Dergisi

12 1

Yıl: 2019 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 7 - 12 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450 İndeks Tarihi: 28-10-2020

Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma

Öz:

Introduction: Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurementis a non-invasive and easy imaging technique for the estimation ofintracranial pressure in children and adults. We aimed to measurethe ONSD in pediatric patients with head trauma.Methods: In this study, 40 patients with head trauma and ageand sex-matched 40 healthy children were included. Nerve sheathdiameter was measured by transorbital sonography.Results: Diameter of the mean optic nerve sheath of the right andleft eye of the patients were 0.408±0.064 mm and 0.417±0.065 mm,respectively; both results were higher in patients than in controls.In the right eyes of the patients, the ONSD values had a negativecorrelation with Glasgow Coma Scale scores. There was a positivecorrelation between systolic and diastolic blood pressures and opticnerve sheath diameters of patients. Clinical status of the patients atadmission and blood pH levels were associated with ONSD.Conclusion: The result of our study indicated that ONSDmeasurement is a non-invasive technique and can be used easilyto estimate increased intracranial pressure in pediatric emergencydepartments.

Anahtar Kelime:

Acil Servise Kafa Travması ile Gelen Çocuklarda Optik Sinir Kılıf Çapı Ölçümü

Öz:

Giriş: Optik sinir kılıf çapı (OSKÇ) ölçümü çocuklar ve yetişkinlerde kafa içi basınç ölçümü için kullanılan invazif olmayan kolay bir görüntüleme tekniğidir. Biz bu çalışmada kafa travması olan çocuk hastalarda bu amaçla OSKÇ ölçmeyi amaçladık. Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, kafa travmalı 40 hasta ve yaş ve cinsiyet açısından eşleştirilmiş 40 sağlıklı kontrol hasta çalışma kapsamına alındı. Sinir kılıfı çapı transorbital sonografik yöntem ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama OSKÇ sağ ve sol göz için sırasıyla 0,408±0,064 mm and 0,417±0,065 mm idi. Bu sonuçlar travma hastalarında kontrol grubundan daha yüksekti. Hastaların sağ göz OSKÇ değerleri Glaskow Koma Skalası skorları arasında negatif korelasyon vardı. Hastaların sistolik ve diastolik kan basınçları ile OSKÇ değerleri arasında pozitif bir korelasyon vardı. Hastanın başvuru sırasındaki klinik durumu ve kan pH düzeyleri de OSKÇ ile ilişkili bulundu. Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız göstermiştir ki; OSKÇ ölçümü invazif olmayan ve çocuk acil servislerinde kolaylıkla yapılabilecek bir görüntüleme işlemidir ve kafa içi basınç artışını erken belirlemede bize yardımcı olabilir

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

1. Sarioglu FC, Sahin H, Pekcevik Y, Sarioglu O, Oztekin O. Pediatric head trauma: an extensive review on imaging requisites and unique imaging findings. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2018;44:351-68.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, Emergency Department File 2002. Hyattsville, Md. Adv Data. 2004;18:1-34.
3. Faul M, Xu L, Wald MM, Coronado VG. Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations and Deaths 2002–2006. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2010:1-74
4. Tsung JW, Blaivas M, Cooper A, Levick NR. A rapid noninvasive method of detecting elevated intracranial pressure using bedside ocular ultrasound application to 3 cases of head trauma in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2005;21:94-8.
5. Czosnyka M, Pickard J. Monitoring and interpretation of intracranial pressure. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75:813-21.
6. Wiegand C, Richards P. Measurement of intracranial pressure in children: a critical review of current methods. Develop Med Child Neurol. 2007;49:935-41.
7. Padayachy L, Figaji A, Bullock RS. Intracranial pressure monitoring for traumatic brain injury in the modern era. Childs Nerv Syst. 2010;26:441-52.
8. Helmke K, Hansen HC. Fundamentals of transorbital sonographic evaluation of optic nerve sheath expansion under intracranial hypertension II: patient study. Pediatr Radiol. 1996;26:706-10.
9. Galetta S, Byrne SF, Smith JL. Echographic correlation of optic nerve sheath size and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1989;9:79-82.
10. Ballantyne J, Hollman AS, Hamilton R, Bradnam MS, Carachi R, et al. Transorbital optic nerve sheath ultrasonography in normal children. Clin Radiol. 1999;54:740-2.
11. Berhman RE, Voghan VC. Pediatric ophthalmology. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Arvin AM (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co; 1998:1319-27.
12. Hewick SA, Fairhead AC, Culy JC, Atta HR. A comparison of 10 MHz and 20 MHz ultrasound probes in imaging the eye and orbit. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88:551-5.
13. Helmke K, Hansen HC. Fundamentals of transorbital sonographic evaluation of optic nerve sheath expansion under intracranial hypertension II. Patient study. Pediatr Radiol. 1996;26:706-11.
14. Dubourg J, Javouhey E, Geeraerts T, Messerer M, Kassai B. Ultrasonography of optic nerve sheath diameter for detection of raised intracranial pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37:1059-68.
15. Malayeri AA, Bavarian S, Mehdizadeh M. Sonographic evaluation of optic nerve diameter in children with raised intracranial pressure. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24:143-7.
16. Young AM, Guilfoyle MR, Donnelly J, Scoffings D, Fernandes H, et al. Correlating optic nerve sheath diameter with opening intracranial pressure in pediatric traumatic brain injury. Pediatr Res. 2017;81:443-47.
17. Singhal A, Yang MM, Sargent MA, Cochrane DD. Does optic nerve sheath diameter on MRI decrease with clinically improved pediatric hydrocephalus? Childs Nerv Syst. 2013;29:269-74.
18. Irazuzta JE, Brown ME, Akhtar J. Bedside Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Assessment in the Identification of Increased Intracranial Pressure in Suspected Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. Pediatr Neurol. 2016;54:35-8.
19. Newman WD, Hollman AS, Dutton GN, Carachi R. Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter by ultrasound: a means of detecting acute raised intracranial pressure in hydrocephalus. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:1109-13.
20. Marchese RF, Mistry RD, Binenbaum G, Liu GT, Scarfone RJ, et al. Identification of Optic Nerve Swelling Using Point-of-Care Ocular Ultrasound in Children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2018;34:531-6.
21. Padayachy LC, Padayachy V, Galal U, Gray R, Fieggen AG. The relationship between transorbital ultrasound measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and invasively measured ICP in children: Part I: repeatability, observer variability and general analysis. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016;32:1769-78.
22. Steyerberg EW, Mushkudiani N, Perel P, Butcher I, Lu J, et al. Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: development and international validation of prognostic scores based on admission characteristics. PLoS Med. 2008;5:e165.
23. Geeraerts T, Launey Y, Martin L, Pottecher J, Vigué B, et al. Ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath may be useful for detecting raised intracranial pressure after severe brain injury. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33:1704-11.
24. Useche JN, Bermudez S. Conventional Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance in Brain Concussion. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2018;28:15-29.
25. Ohle R, McIsaac SM, Woo MY, Perry JJ. Sonography of the Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Detection of Raised Intracranial Pressure Compared to Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Ultrasound Med. 2015;34:1285-94.

APA	Sahin S, Carman K, Yarar C (2019). Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma. , 7 - 12. 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450
Chicago	Sahin Sabiha,Carman Kursat Bora,Yarar Coskun Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma. (2019): 7 - 12. 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450
MLA	Sahin Sabiha,Carman Kursat Bora,Yarar Coskun Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma. , 2019, ss.7 - 12. 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450
AMA	Sahin S,Carman K,Yarar C Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma. . 2019; 7 - 12. 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450
Vancouver	Sahin S,Carman K,Yarar C Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma. . 2019; 7 - 12. 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450
IEEE	Sahin S,Carman K,Yarar C "Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma." , ss.7 - 12, 2019. 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450
ISNAD	Sahin, Sabiha vd. "Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma". (2019), 7-12. https://doi.org/10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450

APA	Sahin S, Carman K, Yarar C (2019). Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma. Çocuk Acil ve Yoğun Bakım Dergisi, 6(1), 7 - 12. 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450
Chicago	Sahin Sabiha,Carman Kursat Bora,Yarar Coskun Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma. Çocuk Acil ve Yoğun Bakım Dergisi 6, no.1 (2019): 7 - 12. 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450
MLA	Sahin Sabiha,Carman Kursat Bora,Yarar Coskun Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma. Çocuk Acil ve Yoğun Bakım Dergisi, vol.6, no.1, 2019, ss.7 - 12. 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450
AMA	Sahin S,Carman K,Yarar C Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma. Çocuk Acil ve Yoğun Bakım Dergisi. 2019; 6(1): 7 - 12. 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450
Vancouver	Sahin S,Carman K,Yarar C Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma. Çocuk Acil ve Yoğun Bakım Dergisi. 2019; 6(1): 7 - 12. 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450
IEEE	Sahin S,Carman K,Yarar C "Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma." Çocuk Acil ve Yoğun Bakım Dergisi, 6, ss.7 - 12, 2019. 10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450
ISNAD	Sahin, Sabiha vd. "Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department with Head Trauma". Çocuk Acil ve Yoğun Bakım Dergisi 6/1 (2019), 7-12. https://doi.org/10.4274/cayd.galenos.2019.47450