Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students

kavakci, onder; ABAMOR, Ayse Enise; TAVACİOGLU, Ecem; YASAR, Alisan Burak; USTA, Dilara; Zengin Eroglu, Meliha; KOSE, Asli Goncu; DEMİRCİOGLU, Zeynep Isil

doi:10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056

Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students

Alisan Burak YASAR, (Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul - Turkey)

Zeynep Isil DEMİRCİOGLU, (Çankaya Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)

Dilara USTA, (Uskudar University, Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Istanbul - Turkey)

Asli Goncu KOSE, (Çankaya Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)

Meliha Zengin EROĞLU, (Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul - Turke)

Önder KAVAKÇI, (3Cumhuriyet University, Department of Psychiatry, Sivas - Turkey)

Ayse Enise ABAMOR, (Istanbul Sehir University, Istanbul - Turkey)

Ecem TAVACİOGLU (Istanbul Sehir University, Istanbul - Turkey)

Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi

19 0

Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 8 - 18 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056 İndeks Tarihi: 30-10-2020

Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students

Öz:

Objective: In the present time, internet and social media have become indispensable parts of our lives. Apart from the advantages of social media, some individuals have begun to suffer from Social Media Addiction (SMA) which is associated with dysfunctions in academic and/or work domains. Although outcomes of SMA have been relatively widely investigated, its predictive factors have not been studied extensively yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of secure, fearful, and preoccupied attachment styles on SMA and the mediating role of self-esteem in the links between attachment styles and SMA.Method: Data were collected from 455 university students (300 females, 155 males) who volunteered to complete the survey package that included SMA Scale, Relationships Questionnaire, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.Results: The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling and moderated multiple regression. The results revealed that preoccupied and fearful attachment had significant positive direct effects on SMA. While the link of preoccupied attachment with SMA was partially mediated, the relationship between secure attachment and SMA was fully mediated by self-esteem. In addition, exploratory analyses revealed that gender moderated the relationship between self-esteem and SMA.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that fearful attachment and preoccupied attachment can be risk factors for SMA among university students. On the other hand, being securely attached and having high self-esteem can be protective factors for SMA.

Anahtar Kelime:

Kalıcı komplike yas bozukluğu tedavisinde göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işlemenin hızlı etkinliği: İki olgu

Öz:

Grief occurs following the loss of a beloved one and it is a normal experience. However, prolonged(>6 months) grief can serve as a ground for a pathological situation. According to DSM-5, persistentcomplex bereavement disorder (PCBD) is diagnosed if the grief period exceeds twelve months. If thisgrief experience accompanies a traumatic event, DSM-5 Appendix recommends including TraumaticDeath Specifier. In the process of PCBD, there can be several symptoms such as decreasedfunctionality, sleep disorders, depressed mood, guilt feelings, somatic disorders and denial of thedeath. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is one of the treatment methods forPCBD. In this study, two cases diagnosed with PCDB and recovered apparently with a time-limitedEMDR treatment are presented.

Anahtar Kelime:

Rapid Efficacy of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Treatment of Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder: Report of Two Cases

Öz:

Yas tutmak bir kayıp sonucunda ortaya çıkan ve deneyimlenmesi normal olan bir süreçtir. Yas süresinin altı ayıgeçmesi durumunda bu süreç patolojik bir durumun oluşmasına zemin hazırlayabilir. DSM-5'e göre Kalıcıkomplike yas bozukluğu (KYB) tanısı yas tutma süresinin on iki ayı geçmesi sonucunda konulabilir. Yaşantınıntravmatik bir olay ile olması durumunda DSM-5 ek belirteç olarak travmatik yas belirleyicisini de kullanmayı salıkvermiştir. KYB sürecinde bireylerin işlevselliğinde azalma, uyku bozuklukları, depresif ruh hali, suçluluk duyguları,somatik şikayetler ve ölen kişinin öldüğünü kabul edememe gibi semptomlar ortaya çıkabilir. Göz hareketleriile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR), KYB tedavisinde uygulanabilen terapi türlerinden biridir. Buçalışmada kısa süreli EMDR terapisiyle belirgin düzelme gösteren KYB, travmatik yas tanısı konan olgularsunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

1. Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). Internet activities of individuals who have accessed the Internet in the last 3 months for private purposes. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1028# Accessed May 16, 2019.
1. Robinaugh DJ. Examining Cognitive Impairments in Bereaved Adults With and Without Complicated Grief. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, Boston, 2015.
2. van den Eijnden RJJM, Lemmens JS, Valkenburg PM. The social media disorder scale. Comput Hum Behav 2016; 61:478-487.
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®), Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Publication: Washington DC, 2013.
3. Ryan T, Chester A, Reece J, Xenos S. The uses and abuses of Facebook: a review of Facebook addiction. J Behav Addict 2014; 3:133-148.
3. Li J, Prigerson HG. Assessment and associated features of prolonged grief disorder among Chinese bereaved individuals. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 66:9-16. [CrossRef]
4. Andreassen CS. Online social network site addiction: a comprehensive review. Curr Addict Rep 2015; 2:175-184.
4. Sezgin U, Yuksel S, Topcu Z, Discigil AG. When is traumatic grief diagnosed? When should the treatment begin? Turkish Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2004; 7:167-175. (Turkish)
5. Fox J, Rooney MC. The Dark Triad and trait self-objectification as predictors of men’s use and self-presentation behaviors on social networking sites. Pers Individ Diff 2015; 76:161-165.
5. Celik FGH, Hocaoglu Ç. After landslide in Rize 'Traumatic grief': three case studies. Turkish Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2015; 18:130-136. (Turkish)
6. Valkenburg PM, Peter J, Schouten AP. Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents’ well-being and social self-esteem. Cyberpsychol Behav 2006; 9:584-590.
6. Shapiro F. Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories. J Trauma Stress [Internet] 1989[cited 2015 Apr 20]; 2:199-223. [CrossRef]
7. Blackwell D, Leaman C, Tramposch R, Osborne C, Liss M. Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Pers Individ Diff 2017; 116:69-72.
7. Kavakci O, Dogan O, Kugu N. EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing): a different option in psychotherapy. Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2010; 23:195-205. [CrossRef]
8. Monacis L, de Palo V, Griffiths MD, Sinatra M. Exploring individual differences in online addictions: the role of identity and attachment. Int J Ment Health Addict 2017; 15:853-868.
8. Kavakci O, Semiz M, Kaptanoglu E, Ozer Z. EMDR treatment of fibromyalgia, a study of seven cases. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2012; 13:75-81. (Turkish)
9. Bowlby J. A Secure Base: Parent-Child Attachment and Healthy Human Development. New York: Basic Books, 1988.
9. Lapsekili N, Yelboga Z, Treatment of flight phobia (aviophobia) through the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) method: a case report. Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2014; 27:168-172. [CrossRef]
10. Ainsworth, MDS, Blehar MC, Waters E, Wall S. Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Oxford: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1978.
10. Semiz M, Atik S, Erdem M, Treatment augmentation effects of EMDR intervention after traumatic experiences in patients with major depression: a case series. Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2016; 29:91-95. [CrossRef]
11. Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM. Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model. J Pers Soc Psychol 1991; 61:226-244.
11. Solomon RM, Rando TA. Utilization of EMDR in the treatment of grief and mourning. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 2007; 1:109-117. [CrossRef]
12. Collins NL, Read SJ. Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. J Pers Soc Psychol 1990; 58:644-663.
12. Sprang G. The use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of traumatic stress and complicated mourning: Psychological and behavioral outcomes. Res Soc Work Pract 2001; 11:300-320. [CrossRef]
13. Caplan SE. Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic Internet use. Cyberpsychol Behav 2006; 10:234-242.
13. Ozer U, Yildirim EA. Complicated grief and its treatment. Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2015; 28:281-282. [CrossRef]
14. Weidman AC, Fernandez KC, Levinson CA, Augustine AA, Larsen R J, Rodebaugh TL. Compensatory internet use among individuals higher in social anxiety and its implications for well-being. Pers Individ Diff 2012; 53:191-195.
14. Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LM, Kaloupek DG, Gusman FD, Charney DS, Keane TM. The development of a clinician administered PTSD Scale. J Trauma Stress 1995; 8:75-90. [CrossRef]
15. Hart J, Nailling E, Bizer GY, Collins CK. Attachment theory as a framework for explaining engagement with Facebook. Pers Individ Diff 2015; 77:33-40.
15. Aker AT, Ozeren M, Basoglu M, Kaptanoglu C, Erol A, Buran B. Clinician Administered Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (CAPS) reliability and validity study. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 1999; 10:286-293. (Turkish)
16. Jenkins-Guarnieri MA, Wright SL, Johnson BD. The interrelationships among attachment style, personality traits, interpersonal competency, and Facebook use. Psychol Pop Media Cult 2013; 2:117-131.
16. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1998; 56:893-897. [CrossRef]
17. Schimmenti A, Passanisi A, Gervasi AM, Manzella S, Fama FI. Insecure attachment attitudes in the onset of problematic Internet use among late adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2014; 45:588-595.
17. Ulusoy M, Şahin N, Erkman H. Turkish Version of The Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric Properties. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy An International Quarterly 1998; 12:28-35.
18. Nitzburg GC, Farber BA. Putting up emotional (Facebook) walls? Attachment status and emerging adults’ experiences of social networking sites. J Clin Psychol 2013; 69:1183-1190.
18. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961; 4:561-571. [CrossRef]
19. Rosenberg M. Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE). “Acceptance and Commitment Therapy”, Measures Package 1965; 61(52).
19. Hisli N. A study on the validity of Beck Depression Inventory. Turkish Journal of Psychology 1987; 6:118-122. (Turkish)
20. Trzesniewski KH, Donnellan MB, Moffitt TE, Robins RW, Poulton R, Caspi A. Low self-esteem during adolescence predicts poor health, criminal behavior, and limited economic prospects during adulthood. Dev Psychol 2006; 42:381-390.
20. Rosner R, Bartl H, Pfoh G, Kotoucová M, Hagl M. Efficacy of an integrative CBT for prolonged grief disorder: a long-term followup. J Affect Disord 2015; 183:106-112. [CrossRef
21. Baumeister RF, Campbell JD, Krueger JI, Vohs KD. Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychol Sci Public Interest 2003; 4:1-44.
22. Proctor CL, Linley PA, Maltby J. Youth life satisfaction: a review of the literature. J Happiness Stud 2009; 10:583-630.
23. McAdams TA, Rijsdijk FV, Narusyte J, Ganiban JM, Reiss D, Spotts E, et al. Associations between the parent-child relationship and adolescent self‐worth: a genetically informed study of twin parents and their adolescent children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:46-54.
24. Armsden GC, Greenberg MT. The inventory of parent and peer attachment: individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 1987; 16:427-454.
25. Noom MJ, Dekovic M, Meeus WH. Autonomy, attachment and psychosocial adjustment during adolescence: a double-edged sword? J Adolesc 1999; 22:771-783.
26. Arbona C, Power TG. Parental attachment, self-esteem, and antisocial behaviors among African American, European American, and Mexican American adolescents. J Couns Psychol 2003; 50:40-51.
27. Birkeland MS, Melkevik O, Holsen I, Wold B. Trajectories of global self-esteem development during adolescence. J Adolesc 2012; 35:43-54.
28. Leary MR, Baumeister RF. The nature and function of self-esteem: sociometer theory. Adv Exp Social Psychol 2000; 32:1-62.
29. Anthony DB, Wood JV, Holmes JG. Testing sociometer theory: self-esteem and the importance of acceptance for social decision-making. J Exp Soc Psychol 2007; 43:425-432.
30. Leary MR, MacDonald G. Individual differences in self-esteem: a review and theoretical integration: In Leary MR, Tangney JP (editors). Handbook of Self and Identity. New York: The Guilford Press, 2003, 401-418.
31. Forest AL, Wood JV. When social networking is not working: individuals with low self-esteem recognize but do not reap the benefits of self-disclosure on Facebook. Psychol Sci 2012; 23:295-302.
32. Reis, HT, Shaver P. Intimacy as an Interpersonal Process: In Duck S, Hay DF, Hobfoll SE, Ickes W, Montgomery B M (editors). Handbook of Personal Relationships. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons, 1988, 367-389.
33. Marshall TC, Lefringhausen K, Ferenczi N. The Big Five, self-esteem, and narcissism as predictors of the topics people write about in Facebook status updates. Pers Individ Diff 2015; 85:35-40.
34. Błachnio A, Przepiorka A, Rudnicka P. Narcissism and self-esteem as predictors of dimensions of Facebook use. Pers Individ Diff 2016; 90:296-301.
35. Andreassen CS, Pallesen S, Griffiths, MD. The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: findings from a large national survey. Addict Behav 2017; 64:287-293.
36. Tutgun-Unal A, Deniz L. Development of the Social Media Addiction Scale. AJIT-e 2015; 6:51-70. (Turkish)
37. Sumer N, Gungor D. Psychometric evaluation of adult attachment style scales in a Turkish sample and intercultural comparison. Turkish Journal of Psychology 1999; 14:71-106.
38. Cohen O, Finzi-Dottan R. Parent-child relationships during the divorce process; from attachment theory and intergenerational perspective. Contemp Fam Ther 2005; 27:81-99.
39. Lench HC, Quas JA, Edelstein RS. My child is better than average: the extension and restriction of unrealistic optimism. J Appl Soc Psychol 2006; 36:2963-2979.
40. Moller AC, Roth G, Niemiec CP, Kanat-Maymon Y, Deci EL. Mediators of the associations between parents’ conditional regard and the quality of their adult-children’s peer-relationships. Motiv Emot 2019; 43:35-51.
41. Guloglu B, KarairmakO. Attachment styles and psychological tendencies in intimate relations in paternal loss in early childhood. Turkish Journal of Psychological Counseling and Guidance 2017; 7:99-115. (Turkish)
42. Imamoglu S, Imamoglu EO. Relationship between general and context-specific attachment orientations in a Turkish sample. J Soc Psychol 2006; 146:261-274.
43. Zeyrek EY, Gencoz F, Bergman Y, Lester D. Suicidality, problem-solving skills, attachment style, and hopelessness in Turkish students. Death Stud 2009; 33:815-827.
44. Cuhadaroglu F. (1986). Self-esteem in adolescents. Specialization Thesis, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty Psychiatry Department, Ankara, 1986. (Turkish)
45. Arbuckle JL. Amos (Version 22.0), Computer Program, SPSS/IBM, Chicago, 2013.
46. McDonald RP, Ho M-HR. Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses. Psychol Methods 2002; 7:64-82.
47. Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen M R. Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. EJBRM 2008; 6:53-60.
48. Edlund, J.E, Sagarin BJ. Sex differences in jealousy: a 25-year retrospective. Adv Exp Soc Psychol 2017; 55:259-302.
49. George C, Kaplan N, Main M. Adult attachment interview. Unpublished manuscript 1996. http://library.allanschore.com/docs/AAIProtocol.pdf. Accessed May 27, 2019.
50. Chen A. From attachment to addiction: the mediating role of need satisfaction on social networking sites. Comput Human Behav 2019; 98:80-92.
51. Monacis L, De Palo V, Griffiths MD, Sinatra M. Social networking addiction, attachment style, and validation of the Italian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. J Behav Addict 2017; 6:178-186.
52. Demircioglu ZI, Goncu Kose A. Effects of attachment styles, dark triad, rejection sensitivity, and relationship satisfaction on social media addiction: a mediated model. Curr Psychol 2018.
53. Savcı M, Aysan F. The role of attachment styles, peer relations, and affections in predicting Internet addiction. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions 2016; 3:401-432.
54. Eichenberg C, Schott M, Decker O, Sindelar B. Attachment style and internet addiction: an online survey. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e170.
55. Cacioppo M, Barni D, Correale C, Mangialavori S, Danioni F, Gori A. Do attachment styles and family functioning predict adolescents’ problematic internet use? A relative weight analysis. J Child Fam Stud 2019; 28:1263-1271.
56. Man KO, Hamid PN. The relationship between attachment prototypes, self-esteem, loneliness and causal attributions in Chinese trainee teachers. Pers Individ Diff 1998; 24:357-371.
57. Andreassen CS, Billieux J, Griffiths MD, Kuss DJ, Demetrovics Z, Mazzoni E, et al. The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychol Addict Behav 2016; 30:252-262.
58. Skinner BF. Contingencies of Reinforcement. East Norwalk: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1969.
59. Rosenberg M. Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.
60. Chou WYS, Hunt YM, Beckjord EB, Moser RP, Hesse BW. Social media use in the United States: implications for health communication. J Med Internet Res 2009; 11:e48.

APA	DEMİRCİOGLU Z, YASAR A, KOSE A, USTA D, Zengin Eroglu M, kavakci o, ABAMOR A, TAVACİOGLU E (2020). Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students. , 8 - 18. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056
Chicago	DEMİRCİOGLU Zeynep Isil,YASAR Alisan Burak,KOSE Asli Goncu,USTA Dilara,Zengin Eroglu Meliha,kavakci onder,ABAMOR Ayse Enise,TAVACİOGLU Ecem Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students. (2020): 8 - 18. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056
MLA	DEMİRCİOGLU Zeynep Isil,YASAR Alisan Burak,KOSE Asli Goncu,USTA Dilara,Zengin Eroglu Meliha,kavakci onder,ABAMOR Ayse Enise,TAVACİOGLU Ecem Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students. , 2020, ss.8 - 18. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056
AMA	DEMİRCİOGLU Z,YASAR A,KOSE A,USTA D,Zengin Eroglu M,kavakci o,ABAMOR A,TAVACİOGLU E Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students. . 2020; 8 - 18. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056
Vancouver	DEMİRCİOGLU Z,YASAR A,KOSE A,USTA D,Zengin Eroglu M,kavakci o,ABAMOR A,TAVACİOGLU E Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students. . 2020; 8 - 18. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056
IEEE	DEMİRCİOGLU Z,YASAR A,KOSE A,USTA D,Zengin Eroglu M,kavakci o,ABAMOR A,TAVACİOGLU E "Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students." , ss.8 - 18, 2020. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056
ISNAD	DEMİRCİOGLU, Zeynep Isil vd. "Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students". (2020), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056

APA	DEMİRCİOGLU Z, YASAR A, KOSE A, USTA D, Zengin Eroglu M, kavakci o, ABAMOR A, TAVACİOGLU E (2020). Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students. Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi, 30(2), 8 - 18. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056
Chicago	DEMİRCİOGLU Zeynep Isil,YASAR Alisan Burak,KOSE Asli Goncu,USTA Dilara,Zengin Eroglu Meliha,kavakci onder,ABAMOR Ayse Enise,TAVACİOGLU Ecem Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students. Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi 30, no.2 (2020): 8 - 18. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056
MLA	DEMİRCİOGLU Zeynep Isil,YASAR Alisan Burak,KOSE Asli Goncu,USTA Dilara,Zengin Eroglu Meliha,kavakci onder,ABAMOR Ayse Enise,TAVACİOGLU Ecem Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students. Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi, vol.30, no.2, 2020, ss.8 - 18. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056
AMA	DEMİRCİOGLU Z,YASAR A,KOSE A,USTA D,Zengin Eroglu M,kavakci o,ABAMOR A,TAVACİOGLU E Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students. Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi. 2020; 30(2): 8 - 18. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056
Vancouver	DEMİRCİOGLU Z,YASAR A,KOSE A,USTA D,Zengin Eroglu M,kavakci o,ABAMOR A,TAVACİOGLU E Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students. Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi. 2020; 30(2): 8 - 18. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056
IEEE	DEMİRCİOGLU Z,YASAR A,KOSE A,USTA D,Zengin Eroglu M,kavakci o,ABAMOR A,TAVACİOGLU E "Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students." Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi, 30, ss.8 - 18, 2020. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056
ISNAD	DEMİRCİOGLU, Zeynep Isil vd. "Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students". Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi 30/2 (2020), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00056