Background: Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is relatively crudeelectronic model based on the neural structure of human brainwhich was used in the field of medicine in different purposes. Itcan be used for many medical branches especially for estimatingthe course of a certain disorder or treatment procedure. The aimof this study is to use ANN in maxillofacial surgery to estimate thepostoperative symptoms after third molar surgery.Methods: The pre and post-operative information of 175consecutive patients who needed extraction of impacted thirdmolar teeth were employed to train an ANN. After the trainingprocess, the information of 26 cases was used in order to verifythe network's ability to predict the post-operative symptoms suchas swelling, pain, decrease of mouth opening, bleeding, numberof days to return to normal activities and duration of activityrestriction. The results obtained from ANN were compared withthe results of patients self-reported information. The correlationbetween the postoperative symptoms of the patients andoutcomes obtained from the ANN were analyzed statistically.Results: Close association was found between the patients’reports and ANN results on post-operative pain, swelling,bleeding, number of days to return to normal activities andduration of activity restriction.Conclusion: The proposed ANN approach is easy to implementand adapted to predict the response of the postoperativeoutcomes. The model can be further extended to include morevariables and experimental data to increase reliability.