Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 488 - 501 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.5505/amj.2020.02418 İndeks Tarihi: 05-11-2020

PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME

Öz:
Pandemilerde; genelde sağlık sistemleri, özelde ise sağlık profesyonelleri için çalışma yükü ve stresi belirginderecede artar. Uzun mesai saatleri, ağırlaşan çalışma ortamı koşulları, hasta sayısıyla birlikte toplumunbeklenti ve kaygılarındaki çoğalma ve de çalışanların kendilerinin hastalanma risklerinde artış olur. Bütünbunlar, sağlık çalışanlarının genel psikososyal işlevselliğine ve dayanıklılığına etkide bulunur. Bu dönemlerdepsikolojik incinebilirlik riski artan çalışanlara yönelik destekleyici psikososyal hizmet ve programlarınsunulabilmesi için koruyucu faktörler ve risk faktörleri üzerinde çalışma ihtiyacı doğmaktadır. Bu derlemeninamacı, pandemi dönemlerinde sağlık çalışanlarının psikososyal sağlığını etkileyen koruyucu faktörlerin ve riskfaktörlerinin, yakın dönem salgınlarla ilgili (SARS, MERS–CoV ve çoğunlukla Covid–19 örneklerinde) literatürbilgilerine dayalı olarak gözden geçirilmesidir. İnceleme, psikososyal değişkenlerin değerlendirildiğiaraştırmalarla sınırlandırılarak yapılmıştır. Sağlık çalışanları pandemilerde, anksiyete, depresyon, travmasonrası stres bozukluğu gibi psikiyatrik bozuklukları ve tükenmişlik gibi belirtileri toplumun geneline göredaha yüksek düzeyde gösterilmektedir. Pandemilerin psikososyal yönlerini inceleyen çalışmalara gö re,kadınlar ve hemşireler daha fazla etkilenmektedirler. Hijyen koşullarının uygunluğu, koruyucu ekipmanlarayeterli erişim, dengeli çalışma–dinlenme saatleri, pandemi ekip üyeleri arasındaki sosyal ve duygusal destekilişkileri ve yönetim birimlerinden sağlanan destekleyici hizmetler koruyucu faktörler arasındadır. Sağlıkçalışanlarının stigmatizasyona karşı korunması ve toplumsal olarak desteklenmesi psikososyal sağlıklarınıkorumada etkili olacaktır.
Anahtar Kelime:

A REVIEW OF PROTECTIVE AND RISK FACTORS AFFECTING PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN PANDEMICS

Öz:
In pandemics, workload and stress levels increase significantly for healthcare systems in general and healthcare professionals in particular. Long working hours, difficult working environment conditions, the increase in the expectations and concerns of the society together with the number of patients, and the risks of getting infected themselves affect the overall psychosocial functionality and resilience of healthcare workers. In these periods, there is a need to work on protective and risk factors in order to provide supportive psychosocial services and programs for healthcare workers considering their increased risk of vulnerability levels. This review aims to review the protective and risk factors affecting the psychosocial health of healthcare workers during pandemics, based on literature information about recent outbreaks (SARS, MERS-CoV, and mostly Covid-19 examples). The examination was limited to studies in which psychosocial variables were evaluated. Healthcare professionals may show the symptoms of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and burnout at a higher level in pandemics than the general population. Studies examining the psychosocial aspects of pandemics have shown that women and nurses are affected more. Adequate hygienic conditions, access to protective equipment, balanced working–resting hours, social and emotional support relationships between work teams, and supportive services from management units are among the protective factors. In order to protect the psychosocial health of healthcare workers, they should be protected against stigmatization and socially supported.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA Enli Tuncay F, Koyuncu E, ÖZEL Ş (2020). PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME. , 488 - 501. 10.5505/amj.2020.02418
Chicago Enli Tuncay Fatma,Koyuncu Engin,ÖZEL Şule PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME. (2020): 488 - 501. 10.5505/amj.2020.02418
MLA Enli Tuncay Fatma,Koyuncu Engin,ÖZEL Şule PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME. , 2020, ss.488 - 501. 10.5505/amj.2020.02418
AMA Enli Tuncay F,Koyuncu E,ÖZEL Ş PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME. . 2020; 488 - 501. 10.5505/amj.2020.02418
Vancouver Enli Tuncay F,Koyuncu E,ÖZEL Ş PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME. . 2020; 488 - 501. 10.5505/amj.2020.02418
IEEE Enli Tuncay F,Koyuncu E,ÖZEL Ş "PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME." , ss.488 - 501, 2020. 10.5505/amj.2020.02418
ISNAD Enli Tuncay, Fatma vd. "PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME". (2020), 488-501. https://doi.org/10.5505/amj.2020.02418
APA Enli Tuncay F, Koyuncu E, ÖZEL Ş (2020). PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME. Ankara Medical Journal, 20(2), 488 - 501. 10.5505/amj.2020.02418
Chicago Enli Tuncay Fatma,Koyuncu Engin,ÖZEL Şule PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME. Ankara Medical Journal 20, no.2 (2020): 488 - 501. 10.5505/amj.2020.02418
MLA Enli Tuncay Fatma,Koyuncu Engin,ÖZEL Şule PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME. Ankara Medical Journal, vol.20, no.2, 2020, ss.488 - 501. 10.5505/amj.2020.02418
AMA Enli Tuncay F,Koyuncu E,ÖZEL Ş PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME. Ankara Medical Journal. 2020; 20(2): 488 - 501. 10.5505/amj.2020.02418
Vancouver Enli Tuncay F,Koyuncu E,ÖZEL Ş PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME. Ankara Medical Journal. 2020; 20(2): 488 - 501. 10.5505/amj.2020.02418
IEEE Enli Tuncay F,Koyuncu E,ÖZEL Ş "PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME." Ankara Medical Journal, 20, ss.488 - 501, 2020. 10.5505/amj.2020.02418
ISNAD Enli Tuncay, Fatma vd. "PANDEMİLERDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOSOSYAL SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN KORUYUCU VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME". Ankara Medical Journal 20/2 (2020), 488-501. https://doi.org/10.5505/amj.2020.02418