The study traces the birth of the historiographic problem of the origin of the Turkish speaking Orthodox Christian population of Cappadocia and examines some aspects of the historical problem, pointing out the lack of systematic research concerning the definition of this population within the context of the Ottoman Empire. The cultural and ideological physiognomy of this population, as expressed in Karamanli publications, books and press, which were used over two hundred years, from the early decades of the eighteenth century to the Treaty of Lausanne, is discussed. Further, the self-determination of the Turcophone Orthodox Rums of the Anatolia through Karamanli printed matter and archival material from their communities, is investigated.