Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations

Zunaira JABEEN, (National University of Science and Technology, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan)
Muhammad Fahim KHOKHAR (National University of Science and Technology, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan)
Atmospheric Pollution Research
5 0
Yıl: 2019 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 997 - 1003 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009 İndeks Tarihi: 22-12-2020

Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations

Öz:
Increasing levels of atmospheric SO2 is a major threat and is now widely included in health risk assessmentstudies. An annual estimation of SO2 has been conducted for both anthropogenic and natural activities at countrylevel. Satellite observations of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) are obtained over Pakistan during the time spanof 2005–2016. The data was acquired from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Aurasatellite. DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) based algorithm was utilized to retrieve SO2column densities. In addition to spatio-temporal analysis of SO2 column, seasonal cycles over major areas ofPakistan are evaluated and discussed. Year 2007, 2011 exhibited anomalous high levels of SO2 attributed totrans-boundary volcanic plumes observed in Pakistan. SO2 plumes were caused by Dallafilla and Nabro volcaniceruption and spread over East African, the Middle Eastern and South Asian regions. A temporal increase of about78% was observed in anthropogenic SO2 levels for a period of 2005–2016 across Pakistan. Further, the relativechange was maximum in Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa (KPK region 46%) followed by Punjab (38%), Sindh (28%) andBaluchistan (18%), respectively. The economic prosperity in recent years resulted in increased demand forenergy by both the industrial and domestic sector, and consequent increase in SO2 emissions in Pakistan.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Bibliyografik
  • Afe, O.T., Richter, A., Sierk, B., Wittrock, F., Burrows, J.P., 2004. BrO emission from volcanoes: a survey using GOME and SCIAMACHY measurements. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (24).
  • Bourassa, A.E., Robock, A., Randel, W.J., Deshler, T., Rieger, L.A., Lloyd, N.D., Llewellyn, E.J., Degenstein, D.A., 2012. Large volcanic aerosol load in the stratosphere linked to asian monsoon transport. Science 337, 78–81.
  • Bovensmann, H., Burrows, J.P., Buchwitz, M., Frerick, J., Noe, S., Rozanov, V.V., Chance, K.V., Goede, A.P.H., 1999. SCIAMACHY: mission objectives and measurement modes. J. Atmos. Sci. 56, 127–150.
  • Carn, S.A., Yang, K., Wang, J., Park, S.P.F., 2012. Satellite Measurements and Modeling of the 2011 Nabro (Eritrea) Volcanic Clouds. American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference Selfoss, Iceland. Abstract. RS-5. Iceland 10–15 June 2012 Available at: http://www.agu.org/meetings/chapman/2012/bcall/pdf/Final_Program.pdf, Accessed date: 17 July 2013.
  • Carn, S.A., Krotkov, N.A., Yang, K., Krueger, A.J., 2013. Measuring Global Volcanic Degassing with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), vol. 380 Geological Society, London, Special Publications SP380-12.
  • Chaudhry, Q-u-Z., Mahmood, A., Rasul, G., Afzaal, M., 2009. Climate Change Indicators of pakistan. Technical Report No. PMD-22/2009. Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad, pp. 1–43.
  • Clarisse, L., Hurtmans, D., Clerbaux, C., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Ngadi, Y., Coheur, P.F., 2012. Retrieval of sulphur dioxide from the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI). Atmos. Measur. Tech. 5 (3), 581–594.
  • Draxler, R., Stunder, B., Rolph, G., Stein, A., Taylor, A., 2013. HYSPLIT4 User's Guide Overview. http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php.
  • ESoP - Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2013. Economic Survey of Pakistan 2012–2013. Ministry of Finance, Pakistan.
  • Eisinger, M., Burrows, J.P., 1998. Tropospheric sulfur dioxide observed by the ERS‐2 GOME instrument. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 (22), 4177–4180.
  • Ejaz, S., Ejaz, A., Sohail, A., Ahmed, M., Nasir, A., Lim, C.W., 2009. Exposure of smoke solutions from CNG-powered four-stroke auto-rickshaws induces distressed embryonic movements, embryonic hemorrhaging and ectopia cordis. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47, 1442–1452.
  • Fee, D., Carn, S.A., Prata, F., 2011. Infrasound and SO2 Observations of the 2011 Explosive Eruption of Nabro Volcano. Eritrea, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2011, Abstract: V41E-07.
  • Finlayson-Pitts, B.J.J., James, N.P.J., 2000. Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere. Academic Press, Oval rd. London.
  • Fioletov, V.E., McLinden, C.A., Krotkov, N., Li, C., 2015. Lifetimes and emissions of SO2 from point sources estimated from OMI. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42 (6), 1969–1976.
  • https://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni/, Accessed date: 1 August 2017. GVP: Global Volcanism Program. Available at: http://www.volcano.si.edu/index.cfm (Accessed: April, 2015).
  • GVP, 2010. Global Volcanism Program. Available at: http://www.volcano.si.edu/index. cfm (Last Accessed: March,2014).
  • Gebel, M.E., Finlayson‐Pitts, B.J., Ganske, J.A., 2000. The uptake of SO2 on synthetic sea salt and some of its components. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 (6), 887–890.
  • Gilbert, R.O., 1987. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hassan, K., El-Abssawy, A.A., Khoder, M.I., 2013. Characteristics of gas-phase nitric acid and ammonium-nitrate-sulfate aerosol, and their gas phase precursors in a suburban area in cairo, Egypt. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 4, 117–129.
  • Jhajharia, D., Shrivastava, S.K., Sarkar, D., Sarkar, S., 2009. Temporal characteristics of Pan evaporation trends under the humid conditions of northeast India. Agric. For. Meteorol. 149, 763–770.
  • Kendall, M.G., 1975. Rank Correlation Methods, 4th edition. Charles Griffin, London. Khawaja, M.A., Khan, S.R., 2005. Air Pollution: Key Environmental Issues in Pakistan. Working Paper Series # 99. SDPI Press, Pakistan 2005.
  • Khattak, P., Khokhar, M.F., Yasmin, N., 2014a. Spatio-temporal analyses of atmospheric sulfur dioxide column densities over Pakistan by using SCIAMACHY data. Aerosol. Air Qual. Res. 14, 1883–1896.
  • Khattak, P., Khokhar, M.F., Khan, S.A., 2014b. Trans-boundary volcanic SO2 detected over Pakistan from satellite observations during the time period 2004–2012. Aerosol. Air Qual. Res. 14, 1543–1557.
  • Khokhar, M.F., 2006. Retrieval and Interpretation of Tropospheric SO2 from UV-VIS Satellite Instruments. Doctoral dissertation, Universität Leipzig Leipzig.
  • Khokhar, M.F., Frankenberg, C., Van Roozendael, M., Beirle, S., Kühl, S., Richter, A., Wagner, T., 2005. Satellite observations of atmospheric SO 2 from volcanic eruptions during the time-period of 1996–2002. Adv. Space Res. 36 (5), 879–887.
  • Klimont, Z., Cofala, J., Xing, J., Wei, W., Zhang, C., Wang, S., ... Rafaj, P., 2009. Projections of SO2, NOx and carbonaceous aerosols emissions in Asia. Tellus B 61 (4), 602–617.
  • Krotkov, N.A., Carn, S.A., Krueger, A.J., Bhartia, P.K., Yang, K., 2006. Band residual difference algorithm for retrieval of SO/sub 2/from the aura ozone monitoring instrument (OMI). IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens. 44 (5), 1259–1266.
  • Krotkov, N.A., McClure, B., Dickerson, R.R., Carn, S.A., Li, C., Bhartia, P.K., ... Chen, H., 2008. Validation of SO2 retrievals from the ozone monitoring instrument over NE China. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 113 (D16).
  • Krueger, A.J., Walter, L.S., Bhartia, P.K., Schnetzler, C.C., Krotkov, N.A., Sprod, I.T., Bluth, G.J.S., 1995. Volcanic sulfur dioxide measurements from the total ozone mapping spectrometer instruments. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 100 (D7), 14057–14076.
  • Lee, C., Martin, R.V., van Donkelaar, A., Lee, H., Dickerson, R.R., Hains, J.C., ... Schwab, J.J., 2011. SO2 emissions and lifetimes: estimates from inverse modeling using in situ and global, space‐based (SCIAMACHY and OMI) observations. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 116 (D6).
  • Lee, C., Richter, A., Weber, M., Burrows, J.P., 2008. SO2 Retrieval from SCIAMACHY using the Weighting Function DOAS (WFDOAS) technique: comparison with Standard DOAS retrieval. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8 (20), 6137–6145.
  • Levelt, P.F., van den Oord, G.H., Dobber, M.R., Malkki, A., Visser, H., de Vries, J., ... Saari, H., 2006. The ozone monitoring instrument. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens. 44 (5), 1093–1101.
  • Murtaza, R., Khokhar, M.F., Noreen, A., Atif, S., Hakeem, K.R., 2018. Multi-sensor temporal assessment of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide column densities over Pakistan. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser. 1–14.
  • Mann, H.B., 1945. Non-parametric tests against trend. Econometrica 13, 163–171.
  • Martin, R.V., Chance, K., Jacob, D.J., Kurosu, T.P., Spurr, R.J., Bucsela, E., ... Li, Q., 2002. An improved retrieval of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide from GOME. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 107 (D20) ACH-9.
  • NASSD-Northern Areas Strategy for Sustainable Development, 2003. Background Paper. Health and Environment International Union for Conservation of Pakistan (IUCN), Pakistan program.
  • Platt, U., Perner, D., 1980. Direct measurements of atmospheric CH2O, HNO2, O3, NO2, and SO2 by differential optical absorption in the near UV. J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans 85 (C12), 7453–7458.
  • Platt, U., Stutz, J., 2008. Differential absorption spectroscopy. Different. Opt. Absorp. Spectrosc. 135–174.
  • Ramanathan, V.C.P.J., Crutzen, P.J., Kiehl, J.T., Rosenfeld, D., 2001. Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle. Science 294 (5549), 2119–2124.
  • Richter, A., Wittrock, F., Schönhardt, A., Burrows, J.P., 2009. Quantifying Volcanic SO2 Emissions using GOME2 Measurements. Geophys. Res. Abstr., EGU2009-7679. EGU General Assembly.
  • Rix, M., Valks, P., Hao, N., Loyola, D., Schlager, H., Huntrieser, H., ... Inness, A., 2012. Volcanic SO2, BrO and plume height estimations using GOME‐2 satellite measurements during the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in May 2010. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 117 (D20).
  • Seinfeld, J.H., Pandis, S.N., 2012. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: from Air Pollution to Climate Change. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Theys, N., Campion, R., Clarisse, L., van Gent, J., Dils, B., Corradini, S., ... Clerbaux, C., 2013. Volcanic SO2 fluxes derived from satellite data: a survey using OMI, GOME-2, IASI and MODIS. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 5945–5968 2013.
  • Theys, N., Smedt, I.D., Yu, H., Danckaert, T., Gent, J.V., Hörmann, C., ... Pedergnana, M., 2017. Sulfur dioxide retrievals from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor: algorithm theoretical basis. Atmos. Measur. Tech. 10 (1).
  • Thomas, W., Erbertseder, T., Ruppert, T., Van Roozendael, M., Verdebout, J., Balis, D., Meleti, C., Zerefos, C., 2005. On the retrieval of volcanic sulfur dioxide emissions from GOME backscatter measurements. J. Atmos. Chem. 50, 295–320.
  • Wang, S.Y., Davies, R.E., Huang, W.R., Gillies, R.R., 2011. Pakistan's two‐stage monsoon and links with the recent climate change. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 116 (D16).
  • Wang, Y., Beirle, S., Lampel, J., Koukouli, M., De Smedt, I., Theys, N., ... Van Roozendael, M., 2017. Validation of OMI, GOME-2A and GOME-2B tropospheric NO 2, SO 2 and HCHO products using MAX-DOAS observations from 2011 to 2014 in Wuxi, China: investigation of the effects of priori profiles and aerosols on the satellite products. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 17 (8), 5007.
  • Zafar, M.U., Ahmed, M., Rao, M.P., Buckley, B.M., Khan, N., Wahab, M., Palmer, J., 2016. Karakorum temperature out of phase with hemispheric trends for the past five centuries. Clim. Dynam. 46 (5–6), 1943–1952.
APA JABEEN Z, KHOKHAR M (2019). Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations. , 997 - 1003. 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
Chicago JABEEN Zunaira,KHOKHAR Muhammad Fahim Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations. (2019): 997 - 1003. 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
MLA JABEEN Zunaira,KHOKHAR Muhammad Fahim Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations. , 2019, ss.997 - 1003. 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
AMA JABEEN Z,KHOKHAR M Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations. . 2019; 997 - 1003. 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
Vancouver JABEEN Z,KHOKHAR M Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations. . 2019; 997 - 1003. 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
IEEE JABEEN Z,KHOKHAR M "Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations." , ss.997 - 1003, 2019. 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
ISNAD JABEEN, Zunaira - KHOKHAR, Muhammad Fahim. "Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations". (2019), 997-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
APA JABEEN Z, KHOKHAR M (2019). Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 10(3), 997 - 1003. 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
Chicago JABEEN Zunaira,KHOKHAR Muhammad Fahim Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations. Atmospheric Pollution Research 10, no.3 (2019): 997 - 1003. 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
MLA JABEEN Zunaira,KHOKHAR Muhammad Fahim Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations. Atmospheric Pollution Research, vol.10, no.3, 2019, ss.997 - 1003. 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
AMA JABEEN Z,KHOKHAR M Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2019; 10(3): 997 - 1003. 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
Vancouver JABEEN Z,KHOKHAR M Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2019; 10(3): 997 - 1003. 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
IEEE JABEEN Z,KHOKHAR M "Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations." Atmospheric Pollution Research, 10, ss.997 - 1003, 2019. 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
ISNAD JABEEN, Zunaira - KHOKHAR, Muhammad Fahim. "Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations". Atmospheric Pollution Research 10/3 (2019), 997-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
23-04-2024 16:11

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları