TY  - JOUR
TI  - Extended database of SO2 column densities over Pakistan by exploiting satellite observations
AB  - Increasing levels of atmospheric SO2 is a major threat and is now widely included in health risk assessmentstudies. An annual estimation of SO2 has been conducted for both anthropogenic and natural activities at countrylevel. Satellite observations of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) are obtained over Pakistan during the time spanof 2005–2016. The data was acquired from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Aurasatellite. DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) based algorithm was utilized to retrieve SO2column densities. In addition to spatio-temporal analysis of SO2 column, seasonal cycles over major areas ofPakistan are evaluated and discussed. Year 2007, 2011 exhibited anomalous high levels of SO2 attributed totrans-boundary volcanic plumes observed in Pakistan. SO2 plumes were caused by Dallafilla and Nabro volcaniceruption and spread over East African, the Middle Eastern and South Asian regions. A temporal increase of about78% was observed in anthropogenic SO2 levels for a period of 2005–2016 across Pakistan. Further, the relativechange was maximum in Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa (KPK region 46%) followed by Punjab (38%), Sindh (28%) andBaluchistan (18%), respectively. The economic prosperity in recent years resulted in increased demand forenergy by both the industrial and domestic sector, and consequent increase in SO2 emissions in Pakistan.
AU  - JABEEN, Zunaira
AU  - KHOKHAR, Muhammad Fahim
DO  - 10.1016/j.apr.2019.01.009
PY  - 2019
JO  - Atmospheric Pollution Research
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
SN  - 1309-1042
SP  - 997
EP  - 1003
DB  - TRDizin
UR  - http://search/yayin/detay/387299
ER  -