Mosques, which are an important part of our cultural heritage, are subject to damage over time due to natural disasters or various reasons. For this reason, mosques are restored and preserved from time to time. In order to preserve historical buildings, the existing structural behaviors need to be well known and evaluated. To determine the structural behavior, the dynamic characteristics of the mosques should be determined. In this study, Ilyasbey Mosque’s ambient vibration test, three-dimensional finite element modeling, model calibration and analysis under the effect of dead load, wind load and earthquake load were examined. Dynamic measurements were carried out under environmental vibrations by Ambient Vibration Test Method and analytical measurements by Finite Element Method. The initial finite element model of the Ilyasbey Mosque was calibrated according to the results of the environmental vibration test performed on the mosque and its analyzes under static and earthquake loads were evaluated. The displacement of the minaret and the distributions of tensile, pressure and shear stresses were obtained from the analysis carried out under the effect of dead load, wind load and earthquake load for the Ilyasbey Mosque.