Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi

Oktay CELEP, (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Maden Mühendisliği Bölümü)
Ersin Y. YAZICI, (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Maden Mühendisliği Bölümü)
Hacı DEVECİ (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Maden Mühendisliği Bölümü)
Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi
30 6
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 264 - 280 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981 İndeks Tarihi: 24-05-2021

Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi

Öz:
Nadir toprak elementleri (NTE), yüksek sıcaklığa, aşınmaya, korozyona karşı dirençli olan yüksek teknolojik ürünlerinüretiminde kullanılmaktadır. Yüksek ekonomik değere ve temin edilme riskine sahip olmaları nedeniyle kritikhammaddeler olarak listelenmektedirler. Elektrikli-elektronik cihazlar (cep telefonu, bilgisayar, TV gibi), şarj edilebilirpiller (NiMH piller), modern tıp cihazları (MR cihazı gibi), rüzgâr türbinleri, katalitik dönüştürücüler, motorlar (uçak,elektrikli araç motorları), cam ve seramik sanayi, petrol rafinerisi, güneş panelleri gibi ileri teknolojik ürünlerinuygulandığı pek çok alanda kullanılmaktadırlar. Hibrit ve elektrikli araçların ve rüzgâr türbinlerin yaygınlaşmasıylaberaber nadir toprak elementlerine olan talep giderek artmaktadır. NTE içeren pek çok mineral bulunmasına karşınendüstriyel öneme sahip en yaygın mineraller bastnazit, monazit ve ksenotimdir. Bu minerallerin dışında mıknatıslar,floresan lambalar, katalizörler ve şarj edilebilir piller de, nadir toprak elementi içeren önemli ikincil kaynaklardır. Buçalışmada, NTE’nin kritik hammadde olarak önemi, potansiyeli, birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretim teknolojilerideğerlendirilmiştir. Minerallerden ve ikincil kaynaklardan geri kazanım yöntemleri akım şemalarıyla berabertartışılmıştır. Önemli bir ikincil kaynak olan Nd-Fe-B mıknatıslar, nikel-metal hidrür piller ve floresan lamba atıklarıdetaylı olarak irdelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Production of rare earth elements from primary and secondary resources

Öz:
Rare earth elements (REE) are utilized in the production of high-tech products that are resistant to high temperature, abrasion, and corrosion. They are termed critical raw materials due to their high economic value and risk of availability. REE are used in many fields where advanced technological products such as electric-electronic devices (mobile phones, computers, TVs), rechargeable batteries (NiMH batteries), modern medical devices (MR), wind turbines, catalytic converters, engines (aircraft, electric vehicle engines), glass and ceramic industry oil refinery, solar panels are applied. With the widespread use of hybrid and electric vehicles and wind turbines, the demand for rare earth elements is increasing. Although there are many REE-bearing minerals, the most common minerals of industrial interest are bastnäzite, monazite and xenotime. In addition to these minerals, magnets, fluorescent lamps, catalysts and rechargeable batteries are also secondary sources containing important rare earth elements. In this study, their importance, potential, and production technologies of primary and secondary sources are evaluated. Recovery methods from minerals and secondary sources are discussed with flow charts. Important secondary sources such as Nd-Fe-B magnets, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and fluorescent lamp waste are discussed in detail.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA CELEP O, Yazici E, DEVECİ H (2021). Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi. , 264 - 280. 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
Chicago CELEP Oktay,Yazici Ersin Y.,DEVECİ Hacı Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi. (2021): 264 - 280. 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
MLA CELEP Oktay,Yazici Ersin Y.,DEVECİ Hacı Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi. , 2021, ss.264 - 280. 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
AMA CELEP O,Yazici E,DEVECİ H Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi. . 2021; 264 - 280. 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
Vancouver CELEP O,Yazici E,DEVECİ H Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi. . 2021; 264 - 280. 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
IEEE CELEP O,Yazici E,DEVECİ H "Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi." , ss.264 - 280, 2021. 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
ISNAD CELEP, Oktay vd. "Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi". (2021), 264-280. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
APA CELEP O, Yazici E, DEVECİ H (2021). Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 264 - 280. 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
Chicago CELEP Oktay,Yazici Ersin Y.,DEVECİ Hacı Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no.1 (2021): 264 - 280. 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
MLA CELEP Oktay,Yazici Ersin Y.,DEVECİ Hacı Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol.11, no.1, 2021, ss.264 - 280. 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
AMA CELEP O,Yazici E,DEVECİ H Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021; 11(1): 264 - 280. 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
Vancouver CELEP O,Yazici E,DEVECİ H Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021; 11(1): 264 - 280. 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
IEEE CELEP O,Yazici E,DEVECİ H "Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi." Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11, ss.264 - 280, 2021. 10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
ISNAD CELEP, Oktay vd. "Nadir toprak elementlerinin birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan üretimi". Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 11/1 (2021), 264-280. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.765981
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
23-04-2024 17:52

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