Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 173 - 179 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251 İndeks Tarihi: 12-06-2021

Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia

Öz:
Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of gynecomastia by evaluating computed tomography (CT) images of male patients who were admitted to our hospital during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 1,877 patients who underwent chest CT for prediagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia between March 15th and May 15th, 2020. All images were evaluated for the presence of gynecomastia. Gynecomastia patterns were evaluated according to morphological features, and diagnoses were made by measuring the largest glandular tissue diameter. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS software version 25.0.Results: The prevalence of gynecomastia was 32.3%. In terms of pattern, 22% were nodular, 57% were dendritic, and 21% were diffuse glandular gynecomastia. A significant correlation was found between age and gynecomastia pattern (p<0.001). The incidence of nodular, dendritic, and diffuse glandular gynecomastia increased with advancing age. A significant difference was found in the analysis of the correlation between age groups and glandular tissue diameters (p<0.001). With an increase in glandular tissue diameter, the gynecomastia pattern changed from a nodular to a diffuse glandular pattern.Conclusion: In our study, gynecomastia diagnosis was made through axial CT images. Although CT should not replace mammography and ultrasonography for clinical diagnosis of gynecomastia, chest CT scans can be used to evaluate patients with suspected gynecomastia
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Bilgen GI. Erkek memesi. İçinde: Oktay A, editör. Meme hastalıklarında görüntüleme. 2nd ed. Ankara: Dunya Tıp Kitabevi; 2020. p.351-364. [CrossRef]
  • 2. Harvey J, March DE, Making the diagnosis: a practical guide to breast imaging. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012. [CrossRef]
  • 3. Gossner J. Gynecomastia on computed tomography of the chest - prevalence in a clinical population and an analysis of possible causes. Eur J Breast Health 2018; 15: 67-68. (PMID: 30816365) [CrossRef]
  • 4. Klang E, Kanana N, Grossman A, Raskin S, Pikovsky J, Sklair M, et al. Quantitative CT assessment of gynecomastia in the general population and in dialysis, cirrhotic, and obese patients. Acad Radiol 2018; 25: 626- 635. (PMID: 29326049) [CrossRef]
  • 5. Klang E, Rozendorn N, Raskin S, Portnoy O, Sklair M, Marom EM, et al. CT measurement of breast glandular tissue and its association with testicular cancer. Eur Radiol 2017; 27: 536-542. (PMID: 27229339) [CrossRef]
  • 6. Chantra PK, So GJ, Wollman JS, Bassett LW. Mammography of the male breast. Am J Roentgenol 1995; 164: 853-858. (PMID: 7726037) [CrossRef]
  • 7. Niewoehner CB, Schorer AE. Gynaecomastia and breast cancer in men. BMJ 2008; 336: 709-713. (PMID: 18369226) [CrossRef]
  • 8. Appelbaum AH, Evans GF, Levy KR, Amirkhan RH, Schumpert TD. Mammographic appearances of male breast disease. Radiographics 1999; 19: 559-568. (PMID: 10336188) [CrossRef]
  • 9. Nguyen C, Kettler MD, Swirsky ME, Miller VI, Scott C, Krause R, et al. Male breast disease: pictorial review with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2013; 33: 763-779. (PMID: 23674773) [CrossRef]
  • 10. Barros AC, Sampaio Mde C. Gynecomastia: physiopathology, evaluation and treatment. Sao Paulo Med J 2012; 130: 187-197. (PMID: 22790552) [CrossRef]
  • 11. Braunstein GD. Gynecomastia. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 490-495. (PMID: 8421478).
  • 12. Braunstein GD. Clinical practice gynecomastia. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1229-1237. (PMID: 17881754) [CrossRef]
  • 13. Sonnenblick EB, Salvatore M, Szabo J, Lee KA, Margolies LR. Incremental role of mammography in the evaluation of gynecomastia in men who have undergone chest CT. Am J Roentgenol 2016; 207: 234- 240. (PMID: 27101347) [CrossRef]
  • 14. Lapid O, Jolink F, Meijer SL. Pathological findings in gynecomastia: analysis of 5113 breasts. Ann Plast Surg 2015; 74: 163-166. (PMID: 23788148) [CrossRef]
  • 15. Giordano SH, Cohen DS, Buzdar AU, Perkins G, Hortobagyi GN. Breast carcinoma in men: a population-based study. Cancer 2004; 101: 51-57. (PMID: 15221988) [CrossRef]
APA ASLAN Ö, Bayraktaroglu S, ÇİNKOOĞLU A, Ceylan N, Savas R, OKTAY ALFATLI A (2021). Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia. , 173 - 179. 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
Chicago ASLAN ÖZGE,Bayraktaroglu Selen,ÇİNKOOĞLU AKIN,Ceylan Naim,Savas Recep,OKTAY ALFATLI AYSE NUR Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia. (2021): 173 - 179. 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
MLA ASLAN ÖZGE,Bayraktaroglu Selen,ÇİNKOOĞLU AKIN,Ceylan Naim,Savas Recep,OKTAY ALFATLI AYSE NUR Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia. , 2021, ss.173 - 179. 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
AMA ASLAN Ö,Bayraktaroglu S,ÇİNKOOĞLU A,Ceylan N,Savas R,OKTAY ALFATLI A Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia. . 2021; 173 - 179. 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
Vancouver ASLAN Ö,Bayraktaroglu S,ÇİNKOOĞLU A,Ceylan N,Savas R,OKTAY ALFATLI A Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia. . 2021; 173 - 179. 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
IEEE ASLAN Ö,Bayraktaroglu S,ÇİNKOOĞLU A,Ceylan N,Savas R,OKTAY ALFATLI A "Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia." , ss.173 - 179, 2021. 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
ISNAD ASLAN, ÖZGE vd. "Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia". (2021), 173-179. https://doi.org/10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
APA ASLAN Ö, Bayraktaroglu S, ÇİNKOOĞLU A, Ceylan N, Savas R, OKTAY ALFATLI A (2021). Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia. European Journal of Breast Health, 17(2), 173 - 179. 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
Chicago ASLAN ÖZGE,Bayraktaroglu Selen,ÇİNKOOĞLU AKIN,Ceylan Naim,Savas Recep,OKTAY ALFATLI AYSE NUR Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia. European Journal of Breast Health 17, no.2 (2021): 173 - 179. 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
MLA ASLAN ÖZGE,Bayraktaroglu Selen,ÇİNKOOĞLU AKIN,Ceylan Naim,Savas Recep,OKTAY ALFATLI AYSE NUR Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia. European Journal of Breast Health, vol.17, no.2, 2021, ss.173 - 179. 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
AMA ASLAN Ö,Bayraktaroglu S,ÇİNKOOĞLU A,Ceylan N,Savas R,OKTAY ALFATLI A Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia. European Journal of Breast Health. 2021; 17(2): 173 - 179. 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
Vancouver ASLAN Ö,Bayraktaroglu S,ÇİNKOOĞLU A,Ceylan N,Savas R,OKTAY ALFATLI A Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia. European Journal of Breast Health. 2021; 17(2): 173 - 179. 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
IEEE ASLAN Ö,Bayraktaroglu S,ÇİNKOOĞLU A,Ceylan N,Savas R,OKTAY ALFATLI A "Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia." European Journal of Breast Health, 17, ss.173 - 179, 2021. 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251
ISNAD ASLAN, ÖZGE vd. "Prevalence of Incidental Gynecomastia by Chest Computed Tomography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia". European Journal of Breast Health 17/2 (2021), 173-179. https://doi.org/10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6251