Objective: Multiple myeloma (MM) associated with extramedullary(EM) plasmacytoma has a poor therapeutic response and pooroutcomes when treated with conventional chemotherapy. EMplasmacytoma is divided into two groups: the first group comprisestumors that are extending directly from osteolytic bone lesions (EM-B,bone-related), while the second results from plasmacytoma infiltrationinto soft tissues with no relationship to the bone (EM-S, soft tissuerelated). This study aimed to compare the general characteristics andsurvival outcomes of transplant-eligible MM patients who had EM-Sor EM-B and MM patients who did not have plasmacytoma at thetime of diagnosis.Materials and Methods: This study was performed in a retrospectivemanner. The MM patients who were treated at our tertiary carecenter between January 2003 and January 2017 were evaluatedretrospectively for the presence of plasmacytoma at diagnosis.Results: There were 141 (78.3%) MM patients who did not haveplasmacytoma, 22 (12.2%) MM patients who had EM-B, and 17 (9.4%)MM patients who had EM-S at the time of diagnosis in this study. The5-year overall survival was 63% in patients who had bone EM-B, 63%in patients who had EM-S, and 80% in patients who did not haveplasmacytoma (p=0.02). The 5-year disease-free survival was 47% inpatients who had EM-B, 35% in patients who had EM-S, and 54% inMM patients who did not have plasmacytoma (p=0.15).Conclusion: These findings lead us to suggest that MM patients withEM plasmacytoma at the time of diagnosis have poorer prognosisthan patients without plasmacytoma, even if autologous stemcell transplantation is performed. The presence of EM involvementnegatively affects survival outcomes.