Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 135 - 142 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.26453/otjhs.798631 İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi

Öz:
Uzun süredir hayatımızda olan koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19), sağlığımızı tehdit eden, yaşam kalitemizi düşüren, günlük yaşantımızdaki alışkanlıklarımızı değiştirmemize neden olan viral bir hastalıktır. Yapılan araştırmalarda obezitenin bu hastalığın komplikasyonlarının daha şiddetli görülmesinde önemli bir faktör olduğu belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca pandemide uzun evde kalma dönemlerinde azalan fiziksel aktivite, korku, stres gibi psikolojik faktörler sonucu beslenme alışkanlıklarının ve gıda alışverişi alışkanlıklarının değişmesi, sağlıklı beslenme davranışlarından uzaklaşılması sonucu obezite görülme sıklığı artmıştır. Beslenme, prevalansı yüksek pek çok hastalıkta olduğu gibi COVID-19 ile mücadelede de son derece yüksek öneme sahip olduğu için beslenme ile ilgili pek çok kurum ve kuruluş bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmek amacıyla COVID-19’a karşı beslenme önerileri yayınlamıştır. Bu derleme makalede obezitenin bir risk faktörü olarak COVID-19 gelişiminde nasıl rol oynadığı, pandemi sürecinde meydana gelen yaşamsal değişikliklerin obezite açısından nasıl bir risk oluşturduğu ve beslenme alışkanlıkları ile COVID-19 ilişkisi özetlenmeye çalışılacaktır.
Anahtar Kelime:

The Relationship between Obesity and Changing Nutrition Habits in Human during COVID-19 Pandemic

Öz:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been in our lives for a long time, is a viral disease that threatens our health, lowers our quality of life, and causes changes of our habits in daily lives. Studies have indicated that obesity is an important factor in the more severe complications of this disease. In addition, the prevalence of obesity has increased due to the changes in eating and food shopping habits as a result of psychological factors such as decreased physical activity, fear, and stress during long periods of stay at home in the pandemic, and withdrawal from healthy eating behaviours. Since nutrition is of great importance in combating COVID-19, as well as in many diseases with high prevalence, many institutions and organizations related to nutrition have published nutritional recommendations against COVID-19 in order to strengthen the immune system. In this review it will be summarized, how obesity plays a role in the development of COVID-19 as a risk factor, how vital changes occurring during the pandemic process pose a risk for obesity, and the relationship between dietary habits and COVID-19.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang Y. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol. 2020;92(4):401-402.
  • 2. World Health Organization. WHO DirectorGeneral’s Remarks at the Media Briefing on 2019 -nCoV on 11 February 2020 https:// www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-directorgeneral-s-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019 -ncov-on-11-february-2020. Erişim tarihi 10 Eylül 2020
  • 3. Lee A. Wuhan novel coronavirus (COVID-19): why global control is challenging? Public Health. 2020;179:A1-A2. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.02. 001
  • 4. Muscogiuri G, Pugliese G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Commentary: Obesity: The Achilles heel" for COVID-19? Metabolism. 2020;108:154251. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020. 154251
  • 5. Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, ve ark. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID19). Int J Surg. 2020;76:71-76. doi:10.1016/ j.ijsu.2020.02.034
  • 6. Ma RCW, Holt RIG. COVID-19 and diabetes. Diabet Med. 2020;37(5):723-725. doi:10.1111/ dme.14300
  • 7. Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID -19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020;109:102433. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433
  • 8. World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. https:// covid19.who.int/ Erişim tarihi 16 Eylül 2020.
  • 9. Worldometers. United States Coronavirus Cases. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ country/us/. Erişim tarihi 16 Eylül 2020.
  • 10.T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. COVID-19 Bilgilendirme Sayfası. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/. Erişim tarihi 16 Eylül 2020.
  • 11.Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, ve ark. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet. 2020. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
  • 12.Puig-Domingo M, Marazuela M, Giustina A. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European Society of Endocrinology. Endocrine. 2020;68:2-5. doi:10.1007/s12020-020 -02294-5
  • 13.Wang D., Hu B., Hu C, ve ark. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-1069. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585
  • 14.Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, ve ark. Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study. BMJ. 2020;369:m1985. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1985
  • 15.Luzi L, Radaelli M.G. Influenza and obesity: Its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Diabeto. 2020;57:759-764. doi:10.1007/s00592-020-01522-8
  • 16.World Health Organization. Nutrition advice for adults during the COVID-19 outbreak. http:// www.emro.who.int/nutrition/nutrition-infocus/ nutrition-advice-for-adults-during-the-covid-19- outbreak.html. Erişim tarihi 16 Eylül 2020.
  • 17.Türkiye Diyetisyenler Derneği. COVID-19 beslenme önerileri. http://www.tdd.org.tr/index.php/ duyurular/69-covid-19-beslenme-onerileri. Erişim tarihi 16 Eylül 2020.
  • 18.Food and Agriculture Organization. Maintaining a healthy diet during the COVID-19 pandemic. http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ ca8380en/. Erişim tarihi 16 Eylül 2020.
  • 19.Ruiz-Roso MB, de Carvalho Padilha P, MantillaEscalante DC, ve ark. Covid-19 confinement and changes of adolescent's dietary trends in Italy, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Brazil. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1807. doi:10.3390/nu12061807
  • 20.Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, ve ark. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):229. doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02399- 5
  • 21.Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, ve ark. Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behaviour and physical activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 international online survey. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1583. doi:10.3390/ nu12061583
  • 22.Almandoz JP, Xie L, Schellinger JN, ve ark. Impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on weight-related behaviours among patients with obesity. Clin Obes. 2020;10(5):e12386. doi:10.1111/cob.12386.
  • 23.Moynihan AB, van Tilburg WA, Igou ER, Wisman A, Donnelly AE, Mulcaire JB. Eaten up by boredom: consuming food to escape awareness of the bored self. Front Psychol. 2015;6:369. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00369
  • 24.Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for COVID-19 quarantine. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(6):850-851. doi:10.1038/s41430-020-0635-2
  • 25.Scarmozzino F, Visioli F. Covid-19 and the subsequent lockdown modified dietary habits of almost half the population in an Italian sample. Foods. 2020;9(5):675. doi:10.3390/ foods9050675
  • 26.Sidor A, Rzymski P. Dietary choices and habits during COVID-19 lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1657. doi:10.3390/ nu12061657
  • 27.Zhao A, Li Z, Ke Y, ve ark. Dietary diversity among Chinese Residents during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Associated Factors. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1699. doi:10.3390/nu12061699
  • 28.Romeo-Arroyo E, Mora M, Vázquez-Araújo L. Consumer behavior in confinement times: Food choice and cooking attitudes in Spain. Int J Gastron Food Sci. 2020;21:100226. doi:10.1016/ j.ijgfs.2020.100226
  • 29.Zachary Z, Brianna F, Brianna L, ve ark. Selfquarantine and weight gain related risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2020;14(3):210-216. doi:10.1016/ j.orcp.2020.05.004
  • 30.Dietz W, Santos-Burgoa C. Obesity and its implications for COVID-19 mortality. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28(6):1005. doi:10.1002/ oby.22818
  • 31.Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, ve ark. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(7):1-11. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994
  • 32.Rogero MM, Calder PC. Obesity, inflammation, toll-like receptor 4 and fatty acids. Nutrients. 2018;10(4):432. doi:10.3390/nu10040432
  • 33.Green WD, Beck MA. Obesity impairs the adaptive immune response to influenza virus. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14(5):406-409. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201706-447AW
  • 34.World Health Organization. Global Health Obsevatory (GHO) data: overweight and obesity. https://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_factors/ overweight_obesity/obesity_adults/en. Erişim tarihi 10 Eylül 2020.
  • 35.Chiappetta S, Sharma AM, Bottino V, Stier C. COVID-19 and the role of chronic inflammation in patients with obesity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2020;44(8):1790-1792. doi:10.1038/s41366-020- 0597-4
  • 36.Iannelli A, Favre G, Frey S, ve ark. Obesity and COVID-19: ACE 2, the missing tile. Obes Surg. 2020. doi:10.1007/s11695-020-04734-7
  • 37.Özbayer C, Yağcı E, Kurt H. Obezite, Tip 2 Diyabet ve insülin direnci arasındaki bağlantı: İnflamasyon. Tıp Fakültesi Klinikleri Dergisi, 2018;1(2):27-36.
  • 38.Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y, ve ark. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497-506. doi:10.1016/S0140- 6736(20):30183-5
  • 39.Zheng KI, Gao F, Wang XB, ve ark. Letter to the Editor: Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Metabolism. 2020;108:154244. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020. 154244
  • 40.Palaiodimos L, Kokkinidis DG, Li W, ve ark. Severe obesity, increasing age and male sex are independently associated with worse in-hospital outcomes, and higher in-hospital mortality, in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in the Bronx, New York. Metabolism. 2020;108:154262. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154262
  • 41.Denova-Gutiérrez E, Lopez-Gatell H, AlomiaZegarra JL, ve ark. The association of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension with severe coronavirus disease 2019 on admission among Mexican patients. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28(10):1826-1832. doi:10.1002/oby.22946
  • 42.Kass DA, Duggal P, Cingolani O. Obesity could shift severe COVID-19 disease to younger ages. Lancet. 2020;395(10236):1544-1545. doi:10. 1016/S0140-6736(20)31024-2
  • 43.Istituto Superiore di Sanita. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 patients dying in Italy Report b ased o n a vailab le d ata. htp s:// www.epicentro.iss.it/en/coronavirus/bollettino/ Report-COVID-2019_11_june_2020.pdf. Erişim tarihi 10 Eylül 2020.
  • 44.Simonnet A, Chetboun M, Poissy J, ve ark. High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28(7):1195-1199. doi:10.1002/oby.22831
  • 45.Lighter J, Phillips M, Hochman S, ve ark. Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for COVID-19 hospital admission. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):896-897. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa415
  • 46.Zhang F, Xiong Y, Wei Y, ve ark. Obesity predisposes to the risk of higher mortality in young COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2020. doi:10.1002/jmv.26039
  • 47.Chao JY, Derespina KR, Herold BC, ve ark. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized and critically ill children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 at a Tertiary Care Medical Center in New York City. J Pediatr. 2020;223:14-19.e2. doi:10.1016/ j.jpeds.2020.05.006
  • 48.Buckner FS, McCulloch DJ, Atluri V, ve ark. Clinical features and outcomes of 105 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Seattle, Washington. Clin Infect Dis. 2020:ciaa632. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa632
  • 49.Cai Q, Chen F, Wang T, ve ark. Obesity and COVID-19 severity in a designated hospital in Shenzhen, China. Diabetes Care. 2020;43 (7):1392-1398. doi:10.2337/dc20-0576
  • 50.Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, ve ark. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2052-2059. doi:10.1001/ jama.2020.6775
  • 51.Cummings MJ, Baldwin MR, Abrams D, ve ark. Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: A prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10239):1763-1770. doi:10.1016/S0140 -6736(20)31189-2
  • 52.Lemyze M, Courageux N, Maladobry T, ve ark. Implications of obesity for the management of severe coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(9):e761-e767. doi:10.1097/ CCM.0000000000004455
  • 53. 53.Hajifathalian K, Kumar S, Newberry C, ve ark. Obesity is associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19: Analysis of early data from New York City. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28 (9):1606-1612. doi:10.1002/oby.22923
  • 54.El Chaar M, King K, Galvez Lima A. Are black and Hispanic persons disproportionately affected by COVID-19 because of higher obesity rates? Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2020;16(8):1096-1099. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2020.04.038
  • 55.Busetto L, Bettini S, Fabris R, ve ark. Obesity and COVID-19: An Italian snapshot. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28(9):1600-1605. doi:10.1002/oby.22918
  • 56.Garg S, Kim L, Whitaker M, ve ark. Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019-COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(15):458-464. doi:10.15585/ mmwr.
  • 57.Kim L, Whitaker M, O'Halloran A, ve ark. Hospitalization rates and characteristics of children aged <18 years hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1-July 25. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(32):1081-1088. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6932e3
APA ÇULFA S, YILDIRIM E, Bayram B (2021). COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi. , 135 - 142. 10.26453/otjhs.798631
Chicago ÇULFA SULTAN,YILDIRIM ELİF,Bayram Banu COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi. (2021): 135 - 142. 10.26453/otjhs.798631
MLA ÇULFA SULTAN,YILDIRIM ELİF,Bayram Banu COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi. , 2021, ss.135 - 142. 10.26453/otjhs.798631
AMA ÇULFA S,YILDIRIM E,Bayram B COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi. . 2021; 135 - 142. 10.26453/otjhs.798631
Vancouver ÇULFA S,YILDIRIM E,Bayram B COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi. . 2021; 135 - 142. 10.26453/otjhs.798631
IEEE ÇULFA S,YILDIRIM E,Bayram B "COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi." , ss.135 - 142, 2021. 10.26453/otjhs.798631
ISNAD ÇULFA, SULTAN vd. "COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi". (2021), 135-142. https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.798631
APA ÇULFA S, YILDIRIM E, Bayram B (2021). COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 135 - 142. 10.26453/otjhs.798631
Chicago ÇULFA SULTAN,YILDIRIM ELİF,Bayram Banu COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 6, no.1 (2021): 135 - 142. 10.26453/otjhs.798631
MLA ÇULFA SULTAN,YILDIRIM ELİF,Bayram Banu COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol.6, no.1, 2021, ss.135 - 142. 10.26453/otjhs.798631
AMA ÇULFA S,YILDIRIM E,Bayram B COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021; 6(1): 135 - 142. 10.26453/otjhs.798631
Vancouver ÇULFA S,YILDIRIM E,Bayram B COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021; 6(1): 135 - 142. 10.26453/otjhs.798631
IEEE ÇULFA S,YILDIRIM E,Bayram B "COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi." Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6, ss.135 - 142, 2021. 10.26453/otjhs.798631
ISNAD ÇULFA, SULTAN vd. "COVID-19 Pandemi Süresince İnsanlarda Değişen Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İle Obezite İlişkisi". Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 6/1 (2021), 135-142. https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.798631