Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 77 - 102 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL

Öz:
The number of passengers in public transport has decreased significantly in major cities around the world due to COVID-19. As residents of many countries work from home, they have avoided public transport to minimize their exposure to the outbreak and have changed their way of traveling within their cities due to major changes in local public transport services. Istanbul is one of the cities most affected by the pandemic in terms of the daily number of passengers using public transportation. For the first time since the pandemic started in Istanbul, the use of urban public transportation has decreased by more than 90 percent. The aim of this study is to examine the measures taken in Istanbul public transport in order to prevent the spread of the coronavirus pandemic. In addition, the trends in public transport and inter-modes demands during COVID-19 are analyzed. The results showed that COVID-19 measures to protect the health of passengers in Istanbul public transport are in line with global practices during the initial stage of the pandemic.
Anahtar Kelime: Protective and Health Measures Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Public Transportation Istanbul

COVID-19 SÜRECİNDE TOPLU TAŞIMAYI YÖNETMEK: İSTANBUL'DAKİ ETKİSİNİN VE ÖNLEYİCİ MÜDAHALENİN ANALİZİ

Öz:
Toplu taşıma araçlarındaki yolcu sayısı, COVID-19 nedeniyle dünyanın büyük şehirlerinde önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Birçok ülkenin vatandaşları evden çalıştıkları için, salgının etkisini en aza indirmek için toplu taşımadan kaçınmış ve toplu taşıma hizmetlerindeki aksamalar ve riskler nedeniyle seyahat tercihlerini değiştirmişlerdir. İstanbul, günlük toplu taşıma kullanan yolcu sayısı açısından pandemiden en çok etkilenen şehirlerden biridir. İstanbul'da pandeminin başlamasından bu yana ilk kez şehir içi toplu taşıma kullanımı yüzde 90'ın üzerinde azalmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Koronavirüs ile ilişkili salgının yayılmasını önlemek için İstanbul toplu taşıma araçlarında alınan önlemleri incelemektir. Makale ayrıca COVID-19 sırasında toplu taşıma ulaşım modları arasındaki talebin nasıl değiştiğini ve mevcut eğilimleri analiz etmektedir. Sonuçlar, yolcuların sağlığını korumak için İstanbul’da toplu taşıma araçlarında alınan COVID- 19 önlemlerinin salgının ilk aşamasında global uygulamalarla uyumlu olduğunu göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Baka, A., Brusin, S., Cenciarelli, O., Plachouras, D., Severi, E., & Suetens C. (2020). “Considerations for infection, prevention and control measures on public transport in the context of COVID-19”. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Retrieved from https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/COVID-19- public-transport-29-April-2020.pdf
  • Chung, M., Bernheim, A., Mei, X., Zhang, N., Huang, M., Zeng, X., ... & Shan, H. (2020). CT imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV). Radiology, 295(1), 202-207.
  • CNN Turk (2020). “İstanbul metrolarında koronavirüs önlemi”. Retrieved from https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/istanbul-metrolarinda-koronavirusonlemi
  • Diken Newspaper (2020). “Metrobüste şoförler koruyucu tulumla çalışacak”. Retrieved from http://www.diken.com.tr/metrobuste-soforlerkoruyucu-tulumla-calisacak/
  • Du, Z., Wang, L., Cauchemez, S., Xu, X., Wang, X., Cowling, B. J., & Meyers, L. A. (2020). “Risk for transportation of coronavirus disease from Wuhan to other cities in China”. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(5), 1049. doi:10.3201/eid2605.200146.
  • ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) (2021). “COVID-19 situation update worldwide”. Retrieved from https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/geographical-distribution-2019-ncov-cases
  • Google LLC. (2020). "Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports". Retrieved from https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/
  • Haber Turk Newspaper (2020). “Metrobüste dip köşe kış temizliği”. Retrieved from https://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1160045- metrobuste-dip-kose-kis-temizligi
  • HaberVer Services (2020). “İBB'den otobüsler için koronavirüs'e karşı 'şeffaf brandalı kabin' önlemi haberi”. Retrieved from https://haberver.me/ibbden-otobusler-icin-koronaviruse-karsi-seffafbrandali-kabin-onlemi-haberi/
  • Hensher, D. A., Wei, E., Beck, M., & Balbontin, C. (2021). “The impact of COVID-19 on cost outlays for car and public transport commuting-The case of the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area after three months of restrictions”. Transport Policy, 101, 71-80.
  • Hurriyet Newspaper (2020). “Otobüslerde Corona Virüse karşı şeffaf brandalı kabin önlemi”. Retrieved from https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/galeriotobuslerde-corona-viruse-karsi-seffaf-brandali-kabin-onlemi-41478796
  • IETT Statistics (2020). “İstanbul’da Toplu Ulaşım”. Retrieved from https://www.iett.istanbul/tr/main/pages/istanbulda-toplu-ulasim/95
  • IETT (2020). “İstanbul’da Toplu Ulaşım”. Retrieved from https://www.iett.istanbul/tr/main/pages/istanbulda-toplu-ulasim/95
  • IETT Istanbul (2020). “Gün içinde dezenfekte işlemi başladı”. Retrieved from https://iett.istanbul/tr/main/news/gun-icinde-dezenfekte-islemibasladi/2346
  • IETT, 2020. “Haberler”. Retrieved from https://iett.istanbul/tr/main/news
  • Kilic, A. U., Kara, F., Alp, E., & Doganay, M. (2020). “New threat: 2019 novel Coronavirus infection and infection control perspective in Turkey”. Northern Clinics of İstanbul, 7(2), 95. doi:10.14744/nci.2020.38159.
  • Jenelius, E., & Cebecauer, M. (2020). “Impacts of COVID-19 on public transport ridership in Sweden: Analysis of ticket validations, sales and passenger counts”. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 8, 100242.
  • Killerby, M. E., Biggs, H. M., Haynes, A., Dahl, R. M., Mustaquim, D., Gerber, S. I., & Watson, J. T. (2018). “Human coronavirus circulation in the United States 2014–2017”. Journal of Clinical Virology, 101, 52-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.01.019.
  • Li, H., Xu, X. L., Dai, D. W., Huang, Z. Y., Ma, Z., & Guan, Y. J. (2020). “Air pollution and temperature are associated with increased COVID-19 incidence: a time series study”. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 97, 278-282. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.076.
  • Maleki, M., Mahmoudi, M. R., Wraith, D., & Pho, K. H. (2020). “Time series modelling to forecast the confirmed and recovered cases of COVID19”. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Vol. 37, 101742. doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101742.
  • Net Haber Agency (2020). “Metrobüs ve duraklarda koronavirüs önlemi”. Retrieved from https://www.nethaber.com/gundem/metrobus-ve-duraklardakoronavirus-onlemi-13993
  • NTV News (2020). “İstanbul'da metrobüs ve duraklarda corona virüs önlemi”. Retrieved from https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/istanbuldametrobus-ve-duraklardacorona-virusonlemi,mLu-1CLoG0i8aZqes3xBwQ
  • Qi, H., Xiao, S., Shi, R., Ward, M. P., Chen, Y., Tu, W., ... & Zhang, Z. (2020). “COVID-19 transmission in Mainland China is associated with temperature and humidity: A time-series analysis”. Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 728, 138778. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138778.
  • Sabah Newspaper (2020). “Umreden dönenlerin taşındığı otobüsler, coronavirüs önlemi kapsamında dezenfekte edildi”. Retrieved from https://www.sabah.com.tr/galeri/yasam/umreden-donenlerin-tasindigiotobusler-coronavirus-onlemi-kapsaminda-dezenfekte-edildi
  • Salgotra, R., Gandomi, M., & Gandomi, A. H. (2020). “Time Series Analysis and Forecast of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India using Genetic Programming”. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 138, doi:109945. 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109945.
  • TRT News (2020). “Metrobüs şoförlerine "koruyucu tulum" önlemi”. Retrieved from https://www.trthaber.com/haber/turkiye/metrobussoforlerine-koruyucu-tulum-onlemi-475274.html
  • TUIK (2020).”İstatistikler”. Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do
  • Tuli, S., Tuli, S., Tuli, R., & Gill, S. S. (2020). “Predicting the Growth and Trend of COVID-19 Pandemic using Machine Learning and Cloud Computing”. Internet of Things, Vol. 11. doi:100222. 10.1016/j.iot.2020.100222.
APA Deveci M, AYDIN N, Kuşakcı A (2021). MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL. , 77 - 102.
Chicago Deveci Muhammet,AYDIN Nezir,Kuşakcı Ali Osman MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL. (2021): 77 - 102.
MLA Deveci Muhammet,AYDIN Nezir,Kuşakcı Ali Osman MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL. , 2021, ss.77 - 102.
AMA Deveci M,AYDIN N,Kuşakcı A MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL. . 2021; 77 - 102.
Vancouver Deveci M,AYDIN N,Kuşakcı A MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL. . 2021; 77 - 102.
IEEE Deveci M,AYDIN N,Kuşakcı A "MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL." , ss.77 - 102, 2021.
ISNAD Deveci, Muhammet vd. "MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL". (2021), 77-102.
APA Deveci M, AYDIN N, Kuşakcı A (2021). MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL. Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering, 17(1), 77 - 102.
Chicago Deveci Muhammet,AYDIN Nezir,Kuşakcı Ali Osman MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL. Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering 17, no.1 (2021): 77 - 102.
MLA Deveci Muhammet,AYDIN Nezir,Kuşakcı Ali Osman MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL. Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering, vol.17, no.1, 2021, ss.77 - 102.
AMA Deveci M,AYDIN N,Kuşakcı A MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL. Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering. 2021; 17(1): 77 - 102.
Vancouver Deveci M,AYDIN N,Kuşakcı A MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL. Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering. 2021; 17(1): 77 - 102.
IEEE Deveci M,AYDIN N,Kuşakcı A "MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL." Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering, 17, ss.77 - 102, 2021.
ISNAD Deveci, Muhammet vd. "MANAGING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND PREVENTIVE RESPONSE IN ISTANBUL". Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering 17/1 (2021), 77-102.