In this article, the political philosophy of the famous Scottish philosopher David Hume is examined in the context of its ethical and epistemogical foundations. As it is known, although Hume was an enlightenment philosopher, he took an attitude in opposition to the basic acceptances of enlightenment on many issues. We can easily see the clear traces of this attitude in the details of his views on morality. Unlike the rationalist and universalist moral philosophy of his contemporaries, he is an important representative of an emotion-based and benefit-oriented moral understanding that he tries to explain with psychological and anthropological concepts. In this connection, it can be said that with the concept of emotion that he placed on the basis of morality, he has drawn the general framework and principles of Bentham and Mill's utilitarianism with his emphasis on utility, as he has made important contributions to the emotional understanding of morality that emerged after him and found strong expression in the twentieth century. In addition, he places the benefit, which he uses as a central concept of morality, at the basis of his social doctrine and proposes the restructuring of the whole political and legal structure on the basis of utility and conventions. Here, in this study, we will try to analyze how he moved from an emotional moral to a utilitarian social doctrine.