Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 594 - 604 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.30910/turkjans.807411 İndeks Tarihi: 28-09-2021

Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz:
Bu araştırma mineral gübre, ticari mikrobiyal gübre ve azot fikseri, fosfat çözücü ve ACC deaminazeaktivitesine sahip bakteri esaslı üçlü kombinasyonlar halinde uygulanan üç farklı mikrobiyal gübreformülasyonunun (BF9: Bacillus megaterium 47/9 + Paenibacillus macquariensis RC696 + Pseudomonasfluorescens 9/7; BF10: Bacillus megaterium RC665 + Paenibacillus macquariensis RC382 + Pseudomonasfluorescens 9/7; BF11: Bacillus simplex RC64 + Pseudomonas putida 3/10 + Burkholderia pyrrocinia RC134)asidik tarla koşullarında üç yıllık sürede çay gelişim ve enzim aktiviteleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıylayürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf bloklarında altı uygulama ve dört tekerrürlü (her bir tekerrürde beş çay öbeği)olarak kurulmuştur. Uygulanan bakteri formülasyonları yaprak alanı, yeşil yaprak verimi, klorofil içeriği ve bitkigelişimini teşvik etmiştir. Ayrıca, bakteri formülasyonu aşılamaları yaprakta; glutatyon redüktaz (GR), glutatyonS-transferaz (GST), glukoz 6-fosfat dehidrogenaz (G6PD), 6-fosfoglukonat dehidrogenaz (6PGD), polifenoloksidaz (PPO), peroksidaz (POD), 5-dehidroksişikimat redüktaz (DHSK) ve alkol dehidrogenaz (ADH), enzimaktivitelerini değiştirebilmiştir. Seçilen etkin, aside toleranslı ve çoklu özelliklere sahip bakteri esaslı biyoformülasyonlar, strese karşı bitki toleransı ve adaptasyonunu artırabilir, çay işleme teknolojisinde önemli bir roloynayabilir ve çay ürünlerinin kalite konseptine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu çalışma, bu yerli faydalı rizobakteriizolatlarının, çay mahsulünün büyümesini teşvik etmek için mikrobiyal aşılama veya biyogübre olarak kullanılmapotansiyeline sahip olduğunu ve sürdürülebilir çay yetiştiriciliği için umut verici olduğunu göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Effect of Co-Inoculation of Multi-Traits Bacteria Based Bio-Formulations on the Growth, Yield and Enzyme Activities of Tea

Öz:
The aims of the present study were to investigate the effectiveness of mineral fertilizer (NPK), one commercial and three N2-fixing, P-solubilizing and/or ACC deaminase-containing bacteria based bio-fertilizers in triple strains combinations (BF9: Bacillus megaterium 47/9 + Paenibacillus macquariensis RC696 + Pseudomonas fluorescens 9/7; BF10: Bacillus megaterium RC665 + Paenibacillus macquariensis RC382 + Pseudomonas fluorescens 9/7; BF11: Bacillus simplex RC64 + Pseudomonas putida 3/10 + Burkholderia pyrrocinia RC134) were evaluated for their growth and enzyme activities of tea under acidic soil conditions, in three years. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates. Bio-fertilizers formulations stimulated overall plant growth, including leaf area, green leaf yield, chlorophyll content and enzyme activities in tea leaf. In addition, inoculation with bacterial formulation, activities of the different enzymes like glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, urease, 5- dehydroshikimate reductase, and alcohol dehydrogenases also changed. The selected effective acid-tolerant multi-traits bacteria based bio-formulations could play an important role in understanding the plant tolerance and adaptation to stress, processing technology, and may contribute to the concept of the quality of teaproducts. This study shows that these indigenous beneficial rhizobacteria isolates have the potential to be used as microbial inoculation or bio fertilizer to stimulate tea crop growth and are promising for sustainable tea cultivation.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Akbari, G.A., Arab, S.M., Alikhani, H.A., Allahdadi, I., Arzanesh, M.H. 2007. Isolation and selection of indigenous Azospirillum spp. and the IAA of superior strains effects on wheat roots. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3 (4):523-52.
  • Beutler, E. 1984. Red Cell Metabolism. A Manual of Biochemical Methods. 3rd Edition, Grune Stratton Inc., Orlando, FL, USA. 68–73.
  • Bhattacharyya, C., Banerjee, S., Acharya, U., Mitra, A., Mallick, I., Haldar, A., Haldar, S., Ghosh, A., Ghosh, A. 2020. Evaluation of plant growth promotion properties and induction of antioxidative defense mechanism by tea rhizobacteria of Darjeeling, India. Scientific Reports, 10: 15536.
  • Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of proteindye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72:248-254.
  • Çakmakçı, R. 2016. Screening of multi-trait rhizobacteria for improving the growth, enzyme activities, and nutrient uptake of tea (Camellia sinensis). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 47 (13-14): 1680- 1690.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Dönmez, F., Aydın, A., Sahin, F. 2006. Growth promotion of plants by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under greenhouse and two different field soil conditions. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 38:1482-1487.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Erat, M., Erdoğan, Ü., Dönmez, M.F. 2007. The influence of plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria on growth and enzyme activities in wheat and spinach plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 170:288-295.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Dönmez, M.F., Ertürk, Y., Erat, M., Haznedar, A., Sekban, R. 2010. Diversity and metabolic potential of culturable bacteria from the rhizosphere of Turkish tea grown in acidic soils. Plant and Soil, 332 (1-2):299- 318.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Ertürk, Y., Atasever, A., Ercişli, S., Şentürk, M., Erat, M., Haznedar, A., Sekban, R. 2011. The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for organic tea production in Turkey. Proceedings of Tea- Organic-Low Carbon International Symposium. 6-9 June, Guangyuan, China, pp. 89-97.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Ertürk, Y., Dönmez, F., Erat, M., Haznedar, A., Sekban, R. 2012. Tea growth and yield in relation to mixed cultures of N2- fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The Journal of Ege University Faculty of Agriculture Special Issue 1:17-21.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Ertürk, Y., Sekban, R., Haznedar, A., Varmazyari, A. 2013.The effect of single and mixed cultures of plant growth promoting bacteria and mineral fertilizers on tea (Camellia Sinensis)growth, yield and nutrient uptake. Soil Water Joournal, Secial Issue for AGRICASIA, 2 (1): 653-662.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Ertürk, Y., Atasever, A., Kotan, R., Erat, M., Varmazyari, A., Türkyılmaz, K., Haznedar, A., Sekban, R. 2014. Development of plant growth-promoting bacterial based bioformulations using solid and liquid carriers and evaluation of their influence on growth parameters of tea. 9th International Soil Science Congress on the Soul of the Soil and Civilization, 14-16 October 2014, Side, Book of Proceedings, pp. 801-808.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Turan, M., Kıtır, N., Güneş, A., Nikerel, E., Özdemir, B.S., Yıldırım, E., Olgun, M., Topçuoğlu, B., Tüfenkçi, Ş., Karaman, M.R., Tarhan, L., Mokhtari, N.E.P. 2017a. The Role of Soil Beneficial Bacteria in Wheat Production: A Review, in: Wheat Improvement, Management and Utilization, Wanyera, R., Owuoche, J. (Eds), In Tech Open Science, Chapter 7, pp.115-149.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Ertürk, Y., Varmazyari, A., Atasever, A., Kotan, R., Haliloğlu, K., Erat, M.,Türkyılmaz, K., Sekban, R., Haznedar, A. 2017b. The effect of bacteria-based formulations on tea (Camellia sinensis L.) growth, yield, and enzyme activities. Ann. Warsaw Univ. Life Sci. - SGGW SGGW Hortic. Lands. Arc. 38:5-18.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Atasever, A., Kotan, R., Çoban, F., Erat, M., Türkyılmaz, K., Haznedar, A., Sekban, R. 2017c. Research on multi-trait bacteria-based biofertilizer formulations for tea cultivation. International Symposium on Medicinal, Aromatic and Dye Plants, 5-7 October, 2017, Malatya Turkey, Proceedings Book, pp. 87-96.
  • Carlberg, I., Mannervik, B. 1985. Glutathione reductase. Methods in Enzymology 113:484- 490.
  • Chakraborty, U., Chakraborty, B., Basnet, M. 2006. Plant growth promotion and induction of resistance in Camellia sinensis by Bacillus megaterium. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 46: 186-195.
  • Chakraborty, U., Chakraborty, B.N., Basnet, M., Chakraborty, A.P. 2009. Evaluation of Ochrobactrumanthropi TRS-2 and its talc based formulation for enhancement of growth of tea plants and management of brown root rot disease. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 107: 625–634.
  • Chakraborty, U., Chakraborty, B.N., Chakraborty, A.P. 2012. Induction of plant growth promotion in Camellia sinensis by Bacillus megaterium and its bioformulations. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8 (1): 104- 112.
  • Chen, Y.P., Rekha, P.D., Arun, A.B., Shen, F.T., Lai, W.-A. Young, C.C. 2006. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Applied Soil Ecology, 34: 33-41.
  • Das, S.K., Sharma, K.L., Saharan, N., Srinivas, K. 1997. Effect of cultivars, nitrogen sources and soil types on response of sorgum to Azospirillum inoculation Annals of Agricultural Science, 18:313-317.
  • Devi, S.I., Talukdar, N.C., Sharma, K.C., Jeyaram, K., Rohinikumar, M. 2011. Screening of rhizobacteria for their plant growth promotion ability and antagonism against damping off and root rot diseases of broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Indian Journal of Microbiology, 51 (1):14-21.
  • Döbereiner, J. 1988. Isolation and identification of root associated diazotrophs. Plant and Soil, 110: 207–212.
  • Dutta, J., Thakur, D. 2017. Evaluation of multifarious plant growth promoting traits, antagonistic potential and phylogenetic affiliation of rhizobacteria associated with commercial tea plants grown in Darjeeling, India. PLoS One, 12 (8): e0182302.
  • Dutta, J., Handique, P.J., Thakur, D. 2015. Assessment of culturable tea rhizobacteria isolated from tea estates of Assam, India for growth promotion in commercial tea cultivars. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6:1252.
  • Dworkin, M., Foster, J. W. 1958. Experiments with some microorganisms which utilize ethane and hydrogen. Journal of Bacteriology, 75:592–601.
  • Emdadi, L., Nasernajad, B., Shokrgozar, S.T., Mehranian, M., Vahabzadeh, F. 2009. Optimization of withering time and fermentation conditions during the manufacture of black tea using a response surface methodology. Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 16: 61–68.
  • Gill, S.S., Tuteja, N. 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48: 909-930.
  • Gulati, A., Sood, S., Rahi, P., Thakur, R., Chauhan, S., Chawla, I. 2011. Diversity analysis of diazotrophic bacteria associated with the roots of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 21: 545 555.
  • Habig, W.H. Jacoby, W.B. 1981. Assays for differentiation of glutathione S-transferase. Methods in Enzymology, 77: 398-405.
  • Han, J., Sun, L., Dong, X., Cai, Z., Sun, X., Yang, H., Wang, Y., Song, W. 2005. Characterization of a novel plant growth-promoting bacterial strain Delftia tsuruhatensis HR4 both as a diazotroph and a potential biocontrol agent against various plant pathogens. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 28:66–76.
  • Han, W.Y., Ma, L.F., Shi, Y.Z., Ruan, J.Y., Kemmitt, S.J. 2008. Nitrogen release dynamics and transformation of slow release fertiliser products and their effects on tea yield and quality. The Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88: 839-846.
  • Harbowy, M.E., Balentine, D.A. 1997. Tea chemistry. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 16(5): 415-480.
  • Hatanaka, A., Kajiwara, T., Tomohiro, S., Yamashita, H. 1974. Alcohol dehydrogenase from Thea sinensis seeds. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 38:1835-1844.
  • Hayat, R., Ali, S., Amara, U., Khalid, R., Ahmed, I. 2010. Soil beneficial bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion: a review. Annals of Microbiology, 60(4):579–598
  • Hirono, Y., Watanabe, I., Nonaka, K. 2009. Trends in water quality around an intensive teagrowing area in Shizuoka, Japan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 55: 783-792.
  • Honma, M., Shimomura, T. 1978. Metabolism of 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 42:1825–31.
  • Kamau, D.M., Jhj, S., Oenema, O., Owuor, P.O. 2008. Productivity and nitrogen use of tea plantations in relation to age and genotype. Field Crop Research, 108 (1): 60 70.
  • Lee, P.M., Lee, K.H., Ismail, M., Karim, A. 1991. Biochemical studies of cocoa bean polyphenol oxidase. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 55: 251-260.
  • Lin, Y., Lin, S., Guo, H., Zhang, Z., Chen, X. 2013. Functional analysis of PsG6PDH, a cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene from Populus suaveolens, and its contribution to cold tolerance improvement in tobacco plants. Biotechnology Letters, 35:1509–1518.
  • Liu, Y.G., Wu, R.R., Wan, Q., Xie, G.Q., Bi, Y.R. 2007. Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase plays a pivotal role in nitric oxideinvolved defense against oxidative stress under salt stress in red kidney bean roots. Plant and Cell Physiology, 48:511-522
  • Liu, Z., Yang, J., Yang, Z., Zou, J. 2012. Effects of rainfall and fertilizer types on nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in surface runoff from subtropical tea fields in Zhejiang, China. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 93:297–307.
  • Liu, J.L., Xie, B.M., Shi, X.H., Ma, J.M., Guo, C.H. 2015. Effects of two plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria containing 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase on oat growth in petroleumcontaminated soil. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12:3887–3894
  • Madhaiyan, M., Poonguzhali, S., Kang, Y.B.G., Lee, J., Chung, J.B. 2010. Effect of co-inoculation of methylotrophic Methylobacterium oryzae with Azospirillum brasilense and Burkholderia pyrrocinia on the growth and nutrient uptake of tomato, red pepper and rice. Plant and Soil, 328: 71-82.
  • Magoma, G.N., Wachira, F.N., Imbuga, M.O., Agong, S.G. 2003. Biochemical differentiation in Camellia sinensis and its wild relatives as revealed by isozyme and catechin patterns. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 31:995-1010.
  • Mei, X., Lin, D.H., Xu, Y., Wu, Y.Y., Tu, Y.Y. 2009. Effects of phenanthrene on chemical composition and enzyme activity in fresh tea leaves. Food Chemmistry, 115: 569–573.
  • Nath, R., Sharma, G.D., Barooah, M. 2013. Screening of endophytic bacterial isolates of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) roots for their multiple plant growth promoting activities. International Journal of Agriculture Environment & Biotechnology, 6:211-215.
  • Nepolean, P., Jayanthi, R., Pallavi, V., Balamurugan, A., Kuberan, T., Beulah, T., Premakumar, R. 2012. Role of biofertilizers in increasing tea productivity. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(3): S1443- S1445.
  • Nikolaeva, M.K., Maevskaya, S.N., Shugaev, A.G., Bukhov, N.G. 2010. Effect of drought on chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves of three wheat cultivars varying in productivity. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 57:87-95.
  • Park, M., Kim, C., Yang, J., Lee, H., Shin, W., Kim, S., Sa, T. 2005. Isolation and characterization of diazotrophic growth promoting bacteria from rhizosphere of agricultural crops of Korea. Microbiological Research, 160: 127- 133.
  • Penrose, D.M., Glick. B.R. 2003. Methods for isolating and characterizing ACC deaminasecontaining plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Physiologia Plantarum, 118:10–15.
  • Princy, T., Raj Kumar, R., Radhakrishnan, B., Mareeswaran, J., Jayanthi, R., Nepolean, P. 2015. Internationan Journal of Current Research, 7: 19821-19825.
  • Rau, N., Mishra, V., Sharma, M., Das, M.K., Ahaluwalia, K., Sharma, R.S. 2009. Evaluation of functional diversity in rhizobacterial taxa of a wild grass (Saccharum ravennae) colonizing abandoned fly ash dumps in Delhi urban ecosystem. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41: 813-821
  • Sahin, F., Çakmakçı, R., Kantar, F. 2004. Sugar beet and barley yields in relation to inoculation with N2-fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Plant and Soil, 265:123–129.
  • Saikia, D.N., Sarma, J., Dutta, P.K., Baruah, D.K. 2011. Sustainable productivity of tea through conservation of bio-mass, addition of bio-fertilizers and reduction of inorganic fertilizer. Two and a Bud, 58:109-117.
  • Samanta, T., Cheeni, V., Das, S., Roy, A.B., Ghosh, B.C., Mitra, A. 2015. Assessing biochemical changes during standardization of fermentation time and temperature for manufacturing quality black tea. The Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52: 2387- 2393.
  • Sanderson, G.W. 1966. 5-dehydroshikimate reductase in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) properties and distribution. Biochemical Journal, 98: 248-252.
  • Sangeeth, K.P., Bhai, R.S., Srinivasan, V. 2008. Evaluation of indigenous Azospirillum isolates for growth promotion in black pepper (Piper nigrum L) rooted cuttings. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 17 (2):128-133.
  • Saravanakumar, D., Vijayakumar, C., Kumar, N., Samiyappan, R. 2007. PGPR-induced defense responses in the tea plant against blister blight disease. Crop Protection, 26: 556-565.
  • Sarkar, D., Bhowmik, P.C., Kwon, Y.I., Shetty, K. 2009. Cold acclimation responses of three coolseason turfgrasses and the role of proline-associated pentose phosphate pathway. Journal American Society for Horticultural Science, 134: 210- 220.
  • Sharma, K.L., Sharma, D.K., Sharma, G. 2002. Long term response of integrated nitrogen nutrition with bioresources on the yield of China hybrid tea (Camellia sinensis L.) grown in North West Himalayas. In: Sreedharan, K., Vinod Kumar, P. K., Jayarama, Chulaki, B. M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th Plantation Crops Symposium, pp. 386–391.
  • Stodt, U.W., Blauth, N., Niemann, S., Stark, J., Pawar, V., Jayaraman, S., Koek, J., Engelhardt, U.H. 2014. Investigation of processes in black tea manufacture through model fermentation (oxidation) experiments. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62 (31):7854-7861.
  • Takemoto, M., Takemoto, H., 2018. Synthesis of theaflavins and their functions. Molecules, 23(4): 918.
  • Tennakoon, P.L.K., Rajapaksha, R.M.C.P., Hettiarachchi, L.S.K. 2019. Tea yield maintained in PGPR inoculatedfield plants despite significantreduction in fertilizer application. Rhizosphere, 10: 100146.
  • Tokuda, S., Hayatsu, M. 2004. Nitrous oxide flux from a tea field amended with a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and soil environmental factors controlling the flux. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 50 (3): 365 374.
  • Valverde, A., Burgos, A., Fiscella, T., Rivas, R., Velázquez, E., Rodríguez-Barrueco, C., Cervantes, E., Chamber, M., Igual, J.M. 2006. Differential effects of coinoculations with Pseudomonas jessenii PS06 (a phosphatesolubilizing bacterium) and Mesorhizobium ciceri C- 2/2 strains on the growth and seed yield of chickpea under greenhouse and field conditions. Plant and Soil, 287: 43-50.
  • Vikram, A., Alagawadi, A.R., Hamzehzarghani, H., Krishnaraj, P.U. 2007. Factors related to the occurrence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their isolation in Vertisols. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 2:571-580.
  • Xue, D., Yao, H., Huang, C.Y. 2006. Microbial biomass, N mineralization and nitrification, enzyme activities, and microbial community diversity in tea orchard soils. Plant and Soil, 288: 319-331.
  • Yu, X., Liu, X., Zhu, T.H., Liu, G.H., Mao, C. 2012. Coinoculation with phosphate-solubilzing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria on solubilization of rock phosphate and their effect on growth promotion and nutrient uptake by walnut. European Journal of Soil Biology, 50:112- 117.
APA ÇAKMAKÇI R, AKÇURA S, ERAT M (2021). Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi. , 594 - 604. 10.30910/turkjans.807411
Chicago ÇAKMAKÇI Ramazan,AKÇURA Sevim,ERAT Mustafa Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi. (2021): 594 - 604. 10.30910/turkjans.807411
MLA ÇAKMAKÇI Ramazan,AKÇURA Sevim,ERAT Mustafa Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi. , 2021, ss.594 - 604. 10.30910/turkjans.807411
AMA ÇAKMAKÇI R,AKÇURA S,ERAT M Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi. . 2021; 594 - 604. 10.30910/turkjans.807411
Vancouver ÇAKMAKÇI R,AKÇURA S,ERAT M Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi. . 2021; 594 - 604. 10.30910/turkjans.807411
IEEE ÇAKMAKÇI R,AKÇURA S,ERAT M "Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi." , ss.594 - 604, 2021. 10.30910/turkjans.807411
ISNAD ÇAKMAKÇI, Ramazan vd. "Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi". (2021), 594-604. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.807411
APA ÇAKMAKÇI R, AKÇURA S, ERAT M (2021). Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 594 - 604. 10.30910/turkjans.807411
Chicago ÇAKMAKÇI Ramazan,AKÇURA Sevim,ERAT Mustafa Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 8, no.3 (2021): 594 - 604. 10.30910/turkjans.807411
MLA ÇAKMAKÇI Ramazan,AKÇURA Sevim,ERAT Mustafa Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, vol.8, no.3, 2021, ss.594 - 604. 10.30910/turkjans.807411
AMA ÇAKMAKÇI R,AKÇURA S,ERAT M Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021; 8(3): 594 - 604. 10.30910/turkjans.807411
Vancouver ÇAKMAKÇI R,AKÇURA S,ERAT M Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021; 8(3): 594 - 604. 10.30910/turkjans.807411
IEEE ÇAKMAKÇI R,AKÇURA S,ERAT M "Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi." Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 8, ss.594 - 604, 2021. 10.30910/turkjans.807411
ISNAD ÇAKMAKÇI, Ramazan vd. "Çoklu Özellikli Bakteri Esaslı Biyo-Formüllerin Çayın Gelişim, Verim ve Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi". Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 8/3 (2021), 594-604. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.807411