The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 382 - 389 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.35229/jaes.960110 İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022
The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey
Öz: Gelevera Creek was chosen as the sample area in this study, which aims to detect antibiotic andheavy metal resistance in water resources that threaten human, animal and ecosystem health on a global scale.For this purpose, surface water and sediment were collected monthly from four different stations starting fromApril 2017 and ending in March 2018. After the Gr (-) and Gr (+) bacteria isolation in selective media, the325 isolated were tested for their resistance against 4 different heavy metals. The resistance levels of thesebacteria against to cadmium, copper, lead and manganese resistance were detected respectively as 89%,60.16%, 33%, 29.8% (Cd > Cu > Pb > Mn). The 82 isolates with high resistance against heavy metals in eachstation were also tested for their resistance against antibiotics. The levels of resistance against antibiotics ofthese isolated strains were found respectively as follows: cefazolin: 69.6%, cefuroxime: 59.4%, nalidixic acid:51.7%, ampicillin: 46%, cefotaxime: 39.1%, meropenem: 31.4%, amikacin: 21.7%, erythromycin: 13%, andchloramphenicol: 3.3%. In our study, two isolates with high antibiotic and heavy metal, using the Vitek-IICompact System were identified as Serratia marcenscens (99%) and Enterococcus avium (91%).Furthermore, the multiple antibiotic resistance levels (MAR) of all isolates are 80,5%. The results indicatethat the isolates taken from the Gelevera Creek (Giresun) were found to be extremely resistant againstcommercially used antibiotics and heavy metals, and this shows that there is antibiotic and heavy metalcontamination in drinking water reserves.
Anahtar Kelime: Su Kaynaklarında Antibiyotik ve Ağır Metal Direncinin Küresel Sorunu: Gelevera Deresi’nin İncelemesi (Giresun, Türkiye)
Öz: Küresel boyutta mevcut olan, insan, hayvan ve ekosistem sağlığını tehdit eden antibiyotik ve ağır metal direncinin su kaynaklarında tespitinin amaç edinildiği bu çalışmada örnek alan olarak Gelevera Deresi seçilmiştir. Bu amaçla, Gelevera Deresi'ndeki dört istasyondan alınan yüzey suyu ve sediment örnekleri Nisan 2017-Mart 2018’a kadar aylık olarak toplanmıştır. Seçici bir şekilde Gr (-) ve Gr (+) bakteri izolasyonun ardından izole edilmiş olan 325 bakterinin 4 farklı ağır metale karşı direnç düzeyleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu izolatların kadminyum, bakır, kurşun ve manganese karşı direnç düzeyleri % ifadesiyle sırasıyla; %89; %60,16; %33; %29,8 (Cd >Cu >Pb >Mn) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Her bir istasyonda ağır metal direnç düzeyleri yüksek olan izolatların ilaveten antibiyotik direnç düzeyleri de saptanmıştır. İzole edilen bu suşların antibiyotik direnç düzeyleri sırasıyla; sefazolin: %69,6, sefuroksim: %59,4, nalidiksik asit: %51,7, amfisilin: %46, sefotaksim: %39,1, meropenem: %31,4, amikasin: %21,7, eritromisin: %13 ve kloramfenikol: %3,3 olarak saptanmıştır. Araştırmamızda antibiyotik ve ağır metal direnç düzeyi yüksek olan iki izolat Vitek-II Kompakt Sistem ile identifiye edilerek Serratia marcencens (%99) ve Enterococcus avium (%91) olarak tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca yüzey suyu örneği izolatlarındaki çoklu antibiyotik direnç değeri (ÇAD) oranının %80,5’ olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada Gelevera Deresi (Giresun)'nden izole edilen izolatların ticari olarak kullanılan antibiyotiklere ve ağır metallere karşı yüksek düzeyde direnç gösterdiği ve bu durumun içme suyu kaynakları üzerinde antibiyotik ve ağır metal kirliliğinin olduğunu göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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| APA | IŞIK H, AKKAN T (2021). The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey. , 382 - 389. 10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| Chicago | IŞIK HAKAN,AKKAN TAMER The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey. (2021): 382 - 389. 10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| MLA | IŞIK HAKAN,AKKAN TAMER The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey. , 2021, ss.382 - 389. 10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| AMA | IŞIK H,AKKAN T The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey. . 2021; 382 - 389. 10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| Vancouver | IŞIK H,AKKAN T The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey. . 2021; 382 - 389. 10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| IEEE | IŞIK H,AKKAN T "The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey." , ss.382 - 389, 2021. 10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| ISNAD | IŞIK, HAKAN - AKKAN, TAMER. "The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey". (2021), 382-389. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| APA | IŞIK H, AKKAN T (2021). The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey. JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, 6(3), 382 - 389. 10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| Chicago | IŞIK HAKAN,AKKAN TAMER The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey. JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 6, no.3 (2021): 382 - 389. 10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| MLA | IŞIK HAKAN,AKKAN TAMER The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey. JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, vol.6, no.3, 2021, ss.382 - 389. 10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| AMA | IŞIK H,AKKAN T The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey. JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES. 2021; 6(3): 382 - 389. 10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| Vancouver | IŞIK H,AKKAN T The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey. JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES. 2021; 6(3): 382 - 389. 10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| IEEE | IŞIK H,AKKAN T "The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey." JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, 6, ss.382 - 389, 2021. 10.35229/jaes.960110 |
| ISNAD | IŞIK, HAKAN - AKKAN, TAMER. "The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey". JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 6/3 (2021), 382-389. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.960110 |
