Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 205 - 212 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 İndeks Tarihi: 27-10-2021
Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure
Öz: Objective: Due to hypertension, the organs may get damaged over time, and with the damage of end-organ, the prognosisof the disease may get negatively affected. The intent of this study is to identify the contribution of hypervolemia to uncontrolled hypertension and how it affects endothelial function and echocardiographic findings in patients who have primaryhypertension and who are not suffering from kidney failure.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients who were going through a follow-up with a diagnosisof primary hypertension. The patient’s volume status was determined with the help of a body composition monitor. Thepatient’s ambulatory blood pressure was monitored for 24 h. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness, and echocardiographic evaluation measurements were performed.Results: The study included a total number of 101 patients out of which 63.4% of patients had an average blood pressureof less than 135/85 mmHg for 24 h, and 51% patients had non-dipper hypertension. The mean of hydration status value ofpatients was −0.25 ± 0.86 L, and 40.6% (n = 41) were identified as hypervolemic. The multiple logistic regression analysis ofthe factors for uncontrolled hypertension showed that the non-dipper and hypervolemic patients were 2.7 (1.1-6.5) timesand 3.3 times, respectively, more likely to have greater mean blood pressure. Regarding mean FMD values and echocardiographic measurements, we failed to find any significant difference after observing both the uncontrolled and controlledhypertension groups. A positive correlation between carotid intima-media thickness and mean systolic arterial blood pressure was determined.Conclusions: The significance of control of volume in terms of blood pressure control among patients with primary hypertension, who do not have a failure of the kidney, has been shown. However, this study could not establish the significance ofvolume control concerning endothelial and cardiac functions as opposed to patients who are suffering from kidney failure.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2013;31(7):1281-1357. [CrossRef]
- 2. Nwankwo T, Yoon SS, Burt V, Gu Q. Hypertension among adults in the United States: national Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012. NCHS Data Brief. 2013;133(133):1-8.
- 3. Mathers CSG, Mascarenhas M. Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2009.
- 4. Gunal AI, Kirciman E, Guler M, Yavuzkir M, Celiker H. Should the preservation of residual renal function cost volume overload and its consequence left ventricular hypertrophy in new hemodialysis patients? Ren Fail. 2004;26(4):405-409. [CrossRef]
- 5. Gunal AI, Karaca I, Aygen B, et al. Strict fluid volume control and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients on chronic haemodialysis: a cross-sectional study. J Int Med Res. 2004;32(1):70- 77. [CrossRef]
- 6. Yeşiltepe A, Dizdar OS, Gorkem H, et al. Maintenance of negative fluid balance can improve endothelial and cardiac functions in primary hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2017;39(6):579- 586. [CrossRef]
- 7. Cooke JP. The endothelium: a new target for therapy. Vasc Med. 2000;5(1):49-53. [CrossRef]
- 8. Li H, Förstermann U. Nitric oxide in pathogenesis of vascular disease. J Pathol. 2000;190(3):244-254. [CrossRef]
- 9. Gaborieau V, Delarche N, Gosse P. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring versus self-measurement of blood pressure at home: correlation with target organ damage. J Hypertens. 2008;26(10):1919-1927. [CrossRef]
- 10. Moissl UM, Wabel P, Chamney PW, et al. Body fluid volume determination via body composition spectroscopy in health and disease. Physiol Meas. 2006;27(9):921-933. [CrossRef]
- 11. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(1):1-39.e14. [CrossRef]
- 12. Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18(12):1440-1463. [CrossRef]
- 13. Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol. 1986;57(6):450-458. [CrossRef]
- 14. Egan BM, Zhao Y, Axon RN. US trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, 1988-2008. JAMA. 2010;303(20):2043-2050. [CrossRef]
- 15. Joffres M, Falaschetti E, Gillespie C, et al. Hypertension prevalence,awareness, treatment and control in national surveys from England, the USA and Canada, and correlation with stroke and ischaemic heart disease mortality: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2013;3(8):e003423. [CrossRef]
- 16. Dolan E, Stanton A, Thijs L, et al. Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: the Dublin outcome study. Hypertension. 2005;46(1):156-161. [CrossRef]
- 17. Harnett JD, Kent GM, Barre PE, Taylor R, Parfrey PS. Risk factors for the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in a prospectively followed cohort of dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1994;4(7):1486-1490. [CrossRef]
- 18. Mailloux LU, Haley WE. Hypertension in the ESRD patient: pathophysiology, therapy, outcomes, and future directions. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;32(5):705 -719. [CrossRef]
- 19. Covic A, Voroneanu L, Goldsmith D. Routine bioimpedancederived volume assessment for all hypertensives: a new paradigm. Am J Nephrol. 2014;40(5):434-440. [CrossRef]
- 20. Taler SJ, Textor SC, Augustine JE. Resistant hypertension: comparing hemodynamic management to specialist care. Hypertension. 2002;39(5):982-988. [CrossRef]
- 21. Smith RD, Levy P, Ferrario CM, Consideration of Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring to Target Reduction of Blood Pressure Levels Study Group. Value of noninvasive hemodynamics to achieve blood pressure control in hypertensive subjects. Hypertension. 2006;47(4):771-777. [CrossRef
- 22. Elliott P, Stamler J, Nichols R, et al. Intersalt revisited: further analyses of 24 hour sodium excretion and blood pressure within and across populations. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group. BMJ. 1996;312(7041):1249-1253. [CrossRef]
- 23. Aburto NJ, Ziolkovska A, Hooper L, et al. Effect of lower sodium intake on health: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ. 2013;346:f1326. [CrossRef]
- 24. Erdem Y, Arici M, Altun B, et al. The relationship between hypertension and salt intake in Turkish population: SALTURK study. Blood Press. 2010;19(5):313-318. [CrossRef]
- 25. Esper RJ. Interrogando al endotelio. Rev Argent Cardiol. 2000;68:429-439.
- 26. Tang W, Xue T, Lu XH, Luo YJ, Wang T. Factors contributing to formation of edema in volume overloaded continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int. 2011;31(2):160-167. [CrossRef]
- 27. Demirci MS, Demirci C, Ozdogan O, et al. Relations between malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis and volume status: the usefulness of bioimpedance analysis in peritoneal dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(5):1708-1716. [CrossRef]
- 28. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Porcellati C. Dippers versus non-dippers. J Hypertens Suppl. 1991;9(8):S42-S44.
- 29. Fujii T, Uzu T, Nishimura M, et al. Circadian rhythm of natriuresis is disturbed in nondipper type of essential hypertension. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33(1):29-35. [CrossRef]
- 30. Ingelsson E, Björklund-Bodegård K, Lind L, Arnlöv J, Sundström J. Diurnal blood pressure pattern and risk of congestive heart failure. JAMA. 2006;295(24):2859-2866. [CrossRef]
- 31. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Gatteschi C, et al. Blunted nocturnal fall in blood pressure in hypertensive women with future cardiovascular morbid events. Circulation. 1993;88(3):986-992. [CrossRef]
- 32. Fan HQ, Li Y, Thijs L, et al. Prognostic value of isolated nocturnal hypertension on ambulatory measurement in 8711 individuals from 10 populations. J Hypertens. 2010;28(10):2036- 2045. [CrossRef]
- 33. Zanchetti A, Bond MG, Hennig M, et al. Calcium antagonist lacidipine slows down progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis: principal results of the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA), a randomized, double-blind, long-term trial. Circulation. 2002;106(19):2422-2427. [CrossRef]
| APA | GÖRKEM H, DİZDAR O, Yesiltepe A, Dondurmacı E, ÖZKAN E, GÜNAL A (2021). Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure. , 205 - 212. 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| Chicago | GÖRKEM Hasan,DİZDAR Oğuzhan Sıtkı,Yesiltepe Ali,Dondurmacı Engin,ÖZKAN Eyüp,GÜNAL Ali İhsan Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure. (2021): 205 - 212. 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| MLA | GÖRKEM Hasan,DİZDAR Oğuzhan Sıtkı,Yesiltepe Ali,Dondurmacı Engin,ÖZKAN Eyüp,GÜNAL Ali İhsan Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure. , 2021, ss.205 - 212. 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| AMA | GÖRKEM H,DİZDAR O,Yesiltepe A,Dondurmacı E,ÖZKAN E,GÜNAL A Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure. . 2021; 205 - 212. 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| Vancouver | GÖRKEM H,DİZDAR O,Yesiltepe A,Dondurmacı E,ÖZKAN E,GÜNAL A Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure. . 2021; 205 - 212. 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| IEEE | GÖRKEM H,DİZDAR O,Yesiltepe A,Dondurmacı E,ÖZKAN E,GÜNAL A "Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure." , ss.205 - 212, 2021. 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| ISNAD | GÖRKEM, Hasan vd. "Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure". (2021), 205-212. https://doi.org/10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| APA | GÖRKEM H, DİZDAR O, Yesiltepe A, Dondurmacı E, ÖZKAN E, GÜNAL A (2021). Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure. Turkish journal of nephrology (Online), 30(3), 205 - 212. 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| Chicago | GÖRKEM Hasan,DİZDAR Oğuzhan Sıtkı,Yesiltepe Ali,Dondurmacı Engin,ÖZKAN Eyüp,GÜNAL Ali İhsan Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure. Turkish journal of nephrology (Online) 30, no.3 (2021): 205 - 212. 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| MLA | GÖRKEM Hasan,DİZDAR Oğuzhan Sıtkı,Yesiltepe Ali,Dondurmacı Engin,ÖZKAN Eyüp,GÜNAL Ali İhsan Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure. Turkish journal of nephrology (Online), vol.30, no.3, 2021, ss.205 - 212. 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| AMA | GÖRKEM H,DİZDAR O,Yesiltepe A,Dondurmacı E,ÖZKAN E,GÜNAL A Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure. Turkish journal of nephrology (Online). 2021; 30(3): 205 - 212. 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| Vancouver | GÖRKEM H,DİZDAR O,Yesiltepe A,Dondurmacı E,ÖZKAN E,GÜNAL A Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure. Turkish journal of nephrology (Online). 2021; 30(3): 205 - 212. 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| IEEE | GÖRKEM H,DİZDAR O,Yesiltepe A,Dondurmacı E,ÖZKAN E,GÜNAL A "Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure." Turkish journal of nephrology (Online), 30, ss.205 - 212, 2021. 10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
| ISNAD | GÖRKEM, Hasan vd. "Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure". Turkish journal of nephrology (Online) 30/3 (2021), 205-212. https://doi.org/10.5152/turkjnephrol.2021.4334 |
