Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 38 - 54 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029 İndeks Tarihi: 04-11-2021

The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study

Öz:
The aim of this research is to adapt the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale Short Form (CDRSSF) into Turkish and perform validity and reliability studies on it. The research group comprised 1211 university students. Data collection tools included the CDRSSF, CES Depression Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. The exploratory factor analysis results revealed that the scale has a single-factor structure. A confirmatory factor analysis was completed to confirm the structure determined by the exploratory factor analysis. The same appeared to confirm this structure. A correlation analysis results was performed to identify the criteria-dependent validity in the research. The results show a negative correlation between the psychological resilience levels of university students with perceived stress and depression levels. However, there was a positive correlation observed between psychological resilience with self-esteem. The internal consistency coefficient was found to be 0.81 within the scope of reliability studies for the scale. Two half-test correlations of the scale was documented as 0.78. The results of the research show that the CDRSSF is a valid and reliable measurement device to measure the psychological resilience of university students.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Aloba, O., Olabisi, O., & Aloba, T. (2016). The 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale: Factorial structure, reliability, validity, and correlates among student nurses in southwestern Nigeria. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 22(1), 43-51. doi. org/10.1177/1078390316629971 [CrossRef]
  • Arıcak, O. T. (1999). Grupla psikolojik danışma yoluyla benlik saygısının geliştirilmesi. (Yayınlanmış doktora tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Arslan, G. (2015a). Psychometric properties of child and youth resilience measure (CYRM-12): The Study of Reliability and Validity. Ege Journal of Education, 16(1), 1-12. [CrossRef]
  • Arslan, G. (2015b). Psychometric properties of adult resilience measure (ARM): the study of reliability and validity. Ege Journal of Education, 16(2), 344-357. [CrossRef]
  • Baruth, K. E., & Caroll, J. J. (2002). A formal assessment of resilience: The Baruth Protective Factors Inventory. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 58(3), 235-244.
  • Basim, H. N. ve Çetin, F. (2011). Reliability and validity studies of resilience scale for adults. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 22(2), 104-114.
  • Bayram, N. (2013). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş Amos uygulamaları. Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • Burns, R. A., Anstey, K. J., & Windsor, T. D. (2011). Subjective well-being mediates the effects of resilience and mastery on depression and anxiety in a large community sample of young and middle-aged adults. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45(3), 240-248. [CrossRef]
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Factor analysis: basic concepts and using to development scale. Educational Administration in Theory & Practice, 32(32), 470-483.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. (22. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Campbell-Sills, L., & Stein, M. B. (2007). Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor– Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 20(6), 1019-1028. [CrossRef]
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 385-396. [CrossRef]
  • Connor, K. M. & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76-82. [CrossRef]
  • Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage publications.
  • Cutuli, J. J., & Masten, A. S. (2009). Resilience. In S. J. Lopez (Ed.), The encyclopedia of positive psychology (pp. 837-843). Malden: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Di Fabio, A., & Palazzeschi, L. (2012). Connor-davidson resilience scale: psychometric properties of the Italian version. Counseling. Giornale Italiano di Ricerca e Applicazioni, 5, 101-110.
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Adaptation of the brief resilience scale into Turkish: a validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Erarslan, Ö. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik sağlamlık ile depresif belirtiler ve yaşam memnuniyeti arasındaki ilişkide benlik saygısı, pozitif dünya görüşü ve umudun aracı rolünün incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F. ve Dereboy, Ç. (2013). The adaptation of the perceived stress scale into Turkish: a reliability and validity analysis. New Symposium, 51(3), 132-140.
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. (4th ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H,. & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: what are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65-76. [CrossRef]
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2015). How to design and evaluate research in education (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Gewirtz, A. H., & Edleson, J. L. (2007). Young children’s exposure to intimate partner violence: Towards a developmental risk and resilience framework for research and intervention. Journal of Family Violence, 22(3), 151-163. [CrossRef]
  • Hartley, M. T. (2012). Assessing and promoting resilience: An additional tool to address the increasing number of college students with psychological problems. Journal of College Counseling, 15(1), 37-51. [CrossRef]
  • Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. [CrossRef]
  • Karaırmak, Ö. (2007). Deprem yaşamış bireylerde psikolojik sağlamlığa etki eden kişisel faktörlerin incelenmesi: Bir model test etme çalışması. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Karaırmak, Ö. (2010). Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample. Psychiatry Research, 179(3), 350-356. [CrossRef]
  • Karairmak, Ö. ve Siviş-Cetinkaya, R. (2011). The effect of self-esteem and locus of control on resilience: the mediating role of affects. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(35), 30-43.
  • Karaman, H., Atar., B. ve Aktan, D. Ç. (2017). The comparison of factor extraction methods used in exploratory factor analysis. GUJGEF, 37(3), 1173-1193. [CrossRef]
  • Leavy, P. (2017). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, arts-based, and community-based participatory research approaches. New Yok: Guilford Publications.
  • Marsh, H. W., & Hocevar, D. (1988). A new more powerful approach to multitrait-multimethod analyses: Application of second-order confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 107-117. [CrossRef]
  • Mulaik, S. A. (2010). Foundations of factor analysis. (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/ CRC. [CrossRef]
  • Notario-Pacheco, B., Solera-Martínez, M., Serrano-Parra, M. D., Bartolomé-Gutiérrez, R., García-Campayo, J., & Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) in young adults. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 9(1), 63. [CrossRef]
  • Ong, A., Bergeman, C., Biscotti, T., & Wallace, K. (2006). Psychological resilience, positive emotions and successful adaptation to stress later in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(4), 730-749. [CrossRef]
  • Oshio, A., Kaneko, H., Nagamine, S., & Nakaya, M. (2003). Construct validity of the Adolescent Resilience Scale. Psychological Reports, 93, 1217-1222. [CrossRef]
  • Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. [CrossRef]
  • Roth, M., & von Collani, G. (2007). A head-to-head comparison of big-five types and traits in the prediction of social attitudes: Further evidence for a five-cluster typology. Journal of Individual Differences, 28(3), 138-149. [CrossRef]
  • Sinclair, V. G., & Wallston, K. A. (2004). The development and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Assessment, 11(1), 94-101. [CrossRef]
  • Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194-200. [CrossRef]
  • Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied multivariate statistics for social sciences. (5th ed.). New york: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. (1. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş (Temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları). Ankara: Ekinoks. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2014). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). London: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Tatar, A., & Saltukoglu, G. (2010). The adaptation of the CES-Depression Scale into Turkish through the use of confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory and the examination of psychometric characteristics. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 20(3), 213-227. [CrossRef]
  • Terzi, Ş. (2006). Kendini Toparlama Gücü Ölçeği’nin uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(26), 77-86.
  • Wagnild, G. M., & Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1, 165-178.
  • Wilks, S. E. (2008). Resilience amid academic stress: The moderating impact of social support among social work students. Advances in Social Work, 9(2), 106-125. [CrossRef]
  • Windle, G. (2011). What is resilience? A review and concept analysis. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 21(2), 152-169. [CrossRef]
  • Zautra, A. J., Hall, J. S., & Murray, K. E. (2010). Resilience: A new definition of health for people and communities. In J. W. Reich, A. J. Zautra & J. S. Hall (Eds.), Handbook of adult resilience (pp. 3-34). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
APA KAYA F, ODACI H (2021). The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. , 38 - 54. 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
Chicago KAYA Feridun,ODACI Hatice The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. (2021): 38 - 54. 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
MLA KAYA Feridun,ODACI Hatice The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. , 2021, ss.38 - 54. 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
AMA KAYA F,ODACI H The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. . 2021; 38 - 54. 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
Vancouver KAYA F,ODACI H The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. . 2021; 38 - 54. 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
IEEE KAYA F,ODACI H "The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study." , ss.38 - 54, 2021. 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
ISNAD KAYA, Feridun - ODACI, Hatice. "The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study". (2021), 38-54. https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
APA KAYA F, ODACI H (2021). The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Hayef:journal of education (Online), 18(1), 38 - 54. 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
Chicago KAYA Feridun,ODACI Hatice The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Hayef:journal of education (Online) 18, no.1 (2021): 38 - 54. 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
MLA KAYA Feridun,ODACI Hatice The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Hayef:journal of education (Online), vol.18, no.1, 2021, ss.38 - 54. 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
AMA KAYA F,ODACI H The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Hayef:journal of education (Online). 2021; 18(1): 38 - 54. 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
Vancouver KAYA F,ODACI H The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Hayef:journal of education (Online). 2021; 18(1): 38 - 54. 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
IEEE KAYA F,ODACI H "The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study." Hayef:journal of education (Online), 18, ss.38 - 54, 2021. 10.5152/hayef.2021.20029
ISNAD KAYA, Feridun - ODACI, Hatice. "The Adaptation of the Connor‒Davidson Resilience Scale Short Forminto Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study". Hayef:journal of education (Online) 18/1 (2021), 38-54. https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2021.20029