Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 534 - 545 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192 İndeks Tarihi: 07-11-2021

A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE

Öz:
Introduction: This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of theTurkish version of the Ambivalent Ageism Scale, which measures 2 forms of ageism,namely benevolent and hostile ageism.Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 222 adults through an onlinesurvey. Participants completed Turkish versions of the 13-item Ambivalent AgeismScale and the Implicit Association Test adapted for ageism. Construct validity wasassessed through confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency and split-halfconsistency were also calculated. Criterion validity was assessed by correlatingambivalent ageism and its subscales with implicit ageism scores.Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis of 12-items confirmed theoriginal structure by exhibiting a good fit to the data (goodness of fit index = 0.93, p<.001, comparative fit index = 0.97, and root mean square error of approximation =0.07). Internal consistency of the Ambivalent Ageism Scale and its 2 subscales werefound to be satisfactory, with Cronbach’s alpha being .89 for benevolent ageism(9 items), .79 for hostile ageism (3 items), and .89 for the total scale. Scale had ahigh split-half reliability coefficient (0.95). Implicit ageism positively correlated withambivalent ageism (total score) and both benevolent ageism and hostile ageism(.22, .21, and .16, respectively). Except for cognitive assistance/protection, whichwas a sub-factor of benevolent ageism, no age and gender difference was found inany of the ageism scores.Conclusion: It was decided that the Turkish version of the Ambivalent AgeismScale is a valid and reliable measure of negative attitudes toward older adults.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Ageing 2019 [e-book] UN Publication; 2019. [Internet]. Available from: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/ WorldPopulationAgeing2019-Highlights.pdf. Accessed: 27.06.2020.
  • 2. Turkish Statistical Institute. Older People in Statistics, 2019. News Bulletin Number: 33712; 18 March 2020. [Internet]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Bulten/Index?p=Elderly-Statistics-2019-33712. Accessed: 09.11.2020.
  • 3. Löckenhoff CE, De Fruyt F, Terracciano A, et al. Perceptions of aging across 26 cultures and their culture-level associates. Psychol Aging 2009; 24(4): 941- 54. (PMID: 20025408)
  • 4. N, Raz. The Aging Brain: Structural Changes and Their Implications for Cognitive Aging, In: Roger A. Dixon, Lars Bäckman, Lars-Göran Nilsson (Eds). New Frontiers in Cognitive Aging. 1st edition, Oxford University Press, New York, USA 2004, pp 115-33.
  • 5. Butler RN. Age-ism: Another form of bigotry. Gerontologist 1969; 9(4): 243-6. (PMID: 5366225).
  • 6. North MS, Fiske ST. An inconvenienced youth? Ageism and its potential intergenerational roots. Psychol Bull 2012; 138(5): 982-97. (PMID: 22448913)
  • 7. Cary, LA, Chasteen AL, Remedios J. The ambivalent ageism scale: Developing and validating a scale to measure benevolent and hostile ageism. Gerontologist 2017; 57(2): e27-e36. (PMID: 27520730)
  • 8. Cuddy AJC, Fiske ST, Glick P. The BIAS map: Behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes. J Pers Soc Psychol 2007;92 (4): 631-48. (PMID: 17469949)
  • 9. North MS, Fiske ST. A prescriptive, intergenerational-tension ageism scale: Succession, identity, and consumption (SIC). Psychol Assess 2013; 25(3): 706– 13. (PMID: 23544391)
  • 10. AL Chasteen, LA Carry, Age Stereotypes and Age Stigma: Connections to Research on Subjective Aging, In: M Diehl, H. W. Wahl (Eds). Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics Subjective Aging: New Developments and Future Directions. 35th edition, Springer Publishing Co, USA 2014, pp 99–119.
  • 11. Búgelová T, Chupková L, Kratochvílová L. Ageism at work across three generations. Cross-Cultural Studies: Education and Science 2019; 4(4): 97-106. (DOI: 10.24411/2470-1262-2019-10067).
  • 12. Taşdemir N. Young group identification and motives as predictors of ageism, aging anxiety, and life satisfaction. J Genet Psychol 2020; 180(4): 1-16. (PMID: 32580665)
  • 13. Cangöz B, Altun A, Aşkar P, Baran Z, Mazman SG. Examining the visual screening patterns of emotional facial expressions with gender, age and lateralization. J Eye Mov Res 2013; 6(4): 1-15. (DOI:10.16910/ jemr.6.4.3).
  • 14. Nosek BA, Banaji MR, Greenwald AG. Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration web site. Group Dyn-Theor Res 2002; 6(1): 101-15. (DOI: 10.1037/1089-2699.6.1.101).
  • 15. Greenwald AG, Banaji MR. Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychol Rev 1995; 102(1): 4-27. (PMID: 7878162)
  • 16. Greenwald AG, McGhee DE, Schwartz JL. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test. J Pers Soc Psychol 1998; 74(6): 1464-80. (PMID: 9654756).
  • 17. Greenwald AG, Banaji MR, Rudman LA, Farnham SD, Nosek BA, Mellott DS. A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept. Psychol Rev 2002; 109(1): 3-25. (PMID: 11863040).
  • 18. Chopik WJ, Giasson HL. Age differences in explicit and implicit age attitudes across the life span. Gerontologist 2017; 57(S2): S169-S177. (PMID: 28854609).
  • 19. Şimşek H, Bahadır H, Bilgin AC. Physicians’ attitudes towards the elderly: Ageism in a university hospital in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics 2019; 22(1): 101-11. (DOI: 10.31086/tjgeri.2019150579).
  • 20. Köse G, Ayhan H, Taştan S, İyigün E, Hatipoğlu S, Açıkel CH. Determination of the attitudes of students from different department in the field of health on the discrimination against the elders. Gülhane Med J 2015; 57(Suppl 2): 145-51. (in Turkish) (DOI: 10.5455/gulhane.152591).
  • 21. Bulut E, Çilingir D. Attitudes of surgical nurses towards elderly. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics 2016; 19(4): 253-9.
  • 22. Camcı, Y. (2015). The outgroup favoritism phenomenon in veiled and unveiled university students: An analysis of explicit and implicit attitudes via intergroup relations phenomenon. [Unpublished master’s thesis, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey]. (in Turkish). Available from: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ UlusalTezMerkezi/giris.jsp. Accessed: 10.11.2020.
  • 23. Özdemir, G. (2015). My achievements are not mine: Imposter phenomenon in light of the social identity, social dominance and system justification theories. [Unpublished master’s thesis, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey]. (in Turkish). Available from: https:// tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/giris.jsp. Accessed: 10.11.2020.
  • 24. Alparslan K Kuşdil ME. (in press). Kürt üniversite öğrencilerinin kimlik yönetim stratejileri ve dış-grup tarafgirliğinin kimlikle ilgili eylem ve hedeflerle ilişkileri: Açık ve örtük ölçümlerle bir inceleme. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi.
  • 25. Şenyurt AY Coşkun H Ünlü E S. Örtük çağrışım testi’ni Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi-International Journal of Society Researches 2020; 15(26), 1-17. DOI: 10.26466/opus.632149. Available from: https:// dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1133831. Accessed: 7.11.2020.
  • 26. Lee IA, Preacher KJ. Calculation for the test of the difference between two dependent correlations with one variable in common [Computer software] 2013, September. [Internet] Available from: http://quantpsy.org/corrtest/corrtest2.htm Accessed: 27.06.2020.
  • 27. Búgelová T, Chupková L, Kratochvílová L. Ageism at work across three generations. Cross-Cultural Studies: Education and Science 2019; 4 (4): 97-106. (DOI: 10.24411/2470-1262-2019-10067).
  • 28. Čupková, L, Búgelová T, Fucsková Z. Attitudes towards the employment of seniors depending on the degree of ageism. Work and Organizational Psychology-2018 - Past, Present, and Challenges to The Future International Conference - Proceedings; Košice, Slovakia, 2019; 105–116. (ISBN 978-80-8152- 713-5) [Internet] Available from: https://unibook. upjs.sk/img/cms/2019/FF/psychologia-prace-a-organizacie-web.pdf. Accessed: 3.11.2020.
  • 29. Daniel F, Massano I, Galhardo A, Barroso I. Ambivalent and hostile ageism. 27th European Congress of Psychiatry, Warsaw, Poland, 6-9 April 2019. [Internet] Available from: http://repositorio.ismt.pt/bitstream/123456789/1030/1/Poster%20EPA19-Idadismo.pdf. Accessed: 3.11.2020.
  • 30. Pramanik S, Biswal S. Ageism: A comparative study among young adults. IJARnD 2020; 5(5): 14–17. Available from: https://www.ijarnd.com/manuscripts/ v5i5/V5I5-1140.pdf. Accessed: 3.11.2020.
APA Öztürk A, TOSUN L, Özdemir Planalı G, ÇAVUŞOĞLU M, Alparslan K, POLAT D, Karlıdağ S, Kablanoğlu A, KUŞDİL M (2020). A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE. , 534 - 545. 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
Chicago Öztürk Ahu,TOSUN LEMAN PINAR,Özdemir Planalı Gamze,ÇAVUŞOĞLU MERVE,Alparslan Kenan,POLAT DILAN,Karlıdağ Sercan,Kablanoğlu Anıl,KUŞDİL MUHARREM ERSIN A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE. (2020): 534 - 545. 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
MLA Öztürk Ahu,TOSUN LEMAN PINAR,Özdemir Planalı Gamze,ÇAVUŞOĞLU MERVE,Alparslan Kenan,POLAT DILAN,Karlıdağ Sercan,Kablanoğlu Anıl,KUŞDİL MUHARREM ERSIN A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE. , 2020, ss.534 - 545. 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
AMA Öztürk A,TOSUN L,Özdemir Planalı G,ÇAVUŞOĞLU M,Alparslan K,POLAT D,Karlıdağ S,Kablanoğlu A,KUŞDİL M A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE. . 2020; 534 - 545. 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
Vancouver Öztürk A,TOSUN L,Özdemir Planalı G,ÇAVUŞOĞLU M,Alparslan K,POLAT D,Karlıdağ S,Kablanoğlu A,KUŞDİL M A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE. . 2020; 534 - 545. 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
IEEE Öztürk A,TOSUN L,Özdemir Planalı G,ÇAVUŞOĞLU M,Alparslan K,POLAT D,Karlıdağ S,Kablanoğlu A,KUŞDİL M "A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE." , ss.534 - 545, 2020. 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
ISNAD Öztürk, Ahu vd. "A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE". (2020), 534-545. https://doi.org/10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
APA Öztürk A, TOSUN L, Özdemir Planalı G, ÇAVUŞOĞLU M, Alparslan K, POLAT D, Karlıdağ S, Kablanoğlu A, KUŞDİL M (2020). A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE. Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 23(4), 534 - 545. 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
Chicago Öztürk Ahu,TOSUN LEMAN PINAR,Özdemir Planalı Gamze,ÇAVUŞOĞLU MERVE,Alparslan Kenan,POLAT DILAN,Karlıdağ Sercan,Kablanoğlu Anıl,KUŞDİL MUHARREM ERSIN A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE. Türk Geriatri Dergisi 23, no.4 (2020): 534 - 545. 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
MLA Öztürk Ahu,TOSUN LEMAN PINAR,Özdemir Planalı Gamze,ÇAVUŞOĞLU MERVE,Alparslan Kenan,POLAT DILAN,Karlıdağ Sercan,Kablanoğlu Anıl,KUŞDİL MUHARREM ERSIN A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE. Türk Geriatri Dergisi, vol.23, no.4, 2020, ss.534 - 545. 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
AMA Öztürk A,TOSUN L,Özdemir Planalı G,ÇAVUŞOĞLU M,Alparslan K,POLAT D,Karlıdağ S,Kablanoğlu A,KUŞDİL M A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE. Türk Geriatri Dergisi. 2020; 23(4): 534 - 545. 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
Vancouver Öztürk A,TOSUN L,Özdemir Planalı G,ÇAVUŞOĞLU M,Alparslan K,POLAT D,Karlıdağ S,Kablanoğlu A,KUŞDİL M A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE. Türk Geriatri Dergisi. 2020; 23(4): 534 - 545. 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
IEEE Öztürk A,TOSUN L,Özdemir Planalı G,ÇAVUŞOĞLU M,Alparslan K,POLAT D,Karlıdağ S,Kablanoğlu A,KUŞDİL M "A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE." Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 23, ss.534 - 545, 2020. 10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192
ISNAD Öztürk, Ahu vd. "A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE AMBIVALENT AGEISM SCALE". Türk Geriatri Dergisi 23/4 (2020), 534-545. https://doi.org/10.31086/tjgeri.2020.192