OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY

Abdullah TİRGİL (Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye)
Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi
1 0
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 643 - 659 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.17130/ijmeb.804066 İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY

Öz:
Obesity is a devastating health condition that may harm employment. We investigate the impactof obesity on employment by utilizing five waves of Turkey Health Surveys and executing two differentmethods, including a multivariate logistic regression and a prominent matching method, entropybalancing. Turkey Health Surveys are representative of Turkey’s adult population and have been conductedbiennially since 2008. The surveys involve data collection using face to face interviews. In this study, weexamine the differences in the relationship between obesity and employment by gender. We also shed lighton whether the correlation between obesity and employability strengthened or weakened between 2008and 2016. Descriptive analyses show that only 16% of obese females are employed while 70% of obesemales are employed. Both methods suggest that obesity reduces employment for females. However, formales, there is no statistically significant relationship. Obesity significantly reduces female employmentfor all age groups except for younger cohorts, while for male employment, the results do not appear toprovide a meaningful relationship. The significant interaction terms for obesity by year suggest that thenegative effect of obesity on employment weakened overtime in Turkey.
Anahtar Kelime: Matching Method Obesity Gender Employment

OBEZİTE VE İSTİHDAM: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Öz:
Obezite, istihdama zarar verebilecek yıkıcı bir sağlık durumudur. Türkiye Sağlık Araştırmaları anketlerinden yararlanarak ve doğrusal olmayan bir olasılık modeli ve öne çıkan bir eşleştirme yöntemi olan entropi dengeleme dahil olmak üzere iki farklı yöntemi uygulayarak obezitenin istihdam üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktayız. Türkiye Sağlık Araştırmaları Türkiye’deki yetişkin bireyleri temsil etmekte ve 2008 yılından bu yana her iki yılda bir yapılmaktadır. Anketler yüzyüze görüşme şeklinde veriler toplanarak uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, obezite ve istihdam arasındaki ilişkinin cinsiyete göre farklılıklarını incelemekteyiz. Ayrıca, obezite ve istihdam arasındaki korelasyonun 2008 ve 2016 yılları arasında kuvvetlenip kuvvetlenmediğine ışık tutulmaktadır. Betimsel analizler obez kadınların sadece yüzde 16’sının; obez erkeklerin ise yüzde 70’inin istihdam edildiğini göstermektedir. İki metod da obezitenin kadın istihdamını azalttığını göstermektedir. Ancak erkek istihdamı için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki söz konusu değildir. Obezite, genç nüfus dışında tüm yaş grupları için kadın istihdamını önemli ölçüde azaltırken, erkek istihdamı için sonuçlar anlamlı bir ilişki sağlamamaktadır. Yıllara göre obezite etkileşim terimleri, obezitenin istihdam üzerindeki olumsuz etkisinin zayıfladığını göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Abbott, R. D., Behrens, G. R., Sharp, D. S., Rodriguez, B. L., Burchfiel, C. M., Ross, G. W. & Curb, J. D. (1994). Body mass index and thromboembolic stroke in nonsmoking men in older middle age. The Honolulu Heart Program. Stroke, 25(12), 2370-2376.
  • Atella, V., Pace, N. & Vuri, D. (2008). Are employers discriminating with respect to weight?: European evidence using quantile regression. Economics & Human Biology, 6(3), 305-329.
  • Angrist, J. D. & Pischke, J. S. (2008). Mostly harmless econometrics: An empiricist’s companion. Princeton University Press.
  • Balsa, A. I. & McGuire, T. G. (2003). Prejudice, clinical uncertainty and stereotyping as sources of health disparities. Journal of Health Economics, 22(1), 89-116.
  • Bhurosy, T. & Jeewon, R. (2014). Overweight and obesity epidemic in developing countries: A problem with diet, physical activity, or socioeconomic status?. The Scientific World Journal, 2014.
  • Blackwell, M., Iacus, S., King, G. & Porro, G. (2009). Cem: Coarsened exact matching in Stata. The Stata Journal, 9(4), 524-546.
  • Caliendo, M. & Kopeinig, S. (2008). Some practical guidance for the implementation of propensity score matching. Journal of Economic Surveys, 22(1), 31-72.
  • Caliendo, M. & Lee, W. S. (2013). Fat chance! Obesity and the transition from unemployment to employment. Economics & Human Biology, 11(2), 121-133.
  • Caliendo, M. & Gehrsitz, M. (2016). Obesity and the labor market: A fresh look at the weight penalty. Economics & Human Biology, 23, 209-225.
  • Cawley, J. (2004). The impact of obesity on wages. Journal of Human Resources, 39(2), 451-474.
  • Devaux, M. & Sassi, F. (2015). The labour market impacts of obesity, smoking, alcohol use and related chronic diseases. OECD Health Working Papers, No. 86, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Erem, C., Arslan, C., Hacihasanoglu, A., Deger, O., Topbaş, M., Ukinc, K. & Telatar, M. (2004). Prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors in a Turkish population (Trabzon city, Turkey). Obesity Research, 12(7), 1117-1127.
  • Greve, J. (2008). Obesity and labor market outcomes in Denmark. Economics & Human Biology, 6(3), 350-362.
  • Hainmueller, J. (2012). Entropy balancing for causal effects: A multivariate reweighting method to produce balanced samples in observational studies. Political Analysis, 25-46.
  • Hainmueller, J. & Xu, Y. (2013). Ebalance: A Stata package for entropy balancing. Journal of Statistical Software, 54(7).
  • Hatemi, H., Yumuk, V. D., Turan, N. & Arik, N. (2003). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Turkey. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 1(4), 285-290.
  • Hirano, K. & Imbens, G. W. (2001). Estimation of causal effects using propensity score weighting: An application to data on right heart catheterization. Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 2(3), 259-278.
  • Hirano, K., Imbens, G. W. & Ridder, G. (2003). Efficient estimation of average treatment effects using the estimated propensity score. Econometrica, 71(4), 1161-1189.
  • Huffman, S. K. & Rizov, M. (2007). Determinants of obesity in transition economies: The case of Russia. Economics & Human Biology, 5(3), 379-391.
  • Hughes, A. & Kumari, M. (2017). Unemployment, underweight, and obesity: Findings from Understanding Society (UKHLS). Preventive Medicine, 97, 19-25.
  • Imbens, G. W. (2004). Nonparametric estimation of average treatment effects under exogeneity: A review. Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(1), 4-29.
  • İşeri, A. & Arslan, N. (2009). Obesity in adults in Turkey: Age and regional effects. The European Journal of Public Health, 19(1), 91-94.
  • Jia, W. P., Xiang, K. S., Chen, L., Lu, J. X. & Wu, Y. M. (2002). Epidemiological study on obesity and its comorbidities in urban Chinese older than 20 years of age in Shanghai, China. Obesity Reviews, 3(3), 157-165.
  • Johansson, E., Böckerman, P., Kiiskinen, U. & Heliövaara, M. (2009). Obesity and labour market success in Finland: The difference between having a high BMI and being fat. Economics & Human Biology, 7(1), 36-45.
  • Karaoğlan, D. & Tansel, A. (2018). Determinants of body mass index in Turkey: A quantile regression analysis from a middle income country. Bogazici Journal: Review of Social, Economic & Administrative Studies, 32(2).
  • Kinge, J. M. (2016). Body mass index and employment status: A new look. Economics & Human Biology, 22, 117-125.
  • Larose, S. L., Kpelitse, K. A., Campbell, M. K., Zaric, G. S. & Sarma, S. (2016). Does obesity influence labour market outcomes among working-age adults? Evidence from Canadian longitudinal data. Economics & Human Biology, 20, 26-41.
  • Mokdad, A. H., Serdula, M. K., Dietz, W. H., Bowman, B. A., Marks, J. S. & Koplan, J. P. (1999). The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998. Jama, 282(16), 1519-1522.
  • Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Bowman, B. A., Dietz, W. H., Vinicor, F., Bales, V. S. & Marks, J. S. (2003). Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. Jama, 289(1), 76-79.
  • Morris, S. (2007). The impact of obesity on employment. Labour Economics, 14(3), 413-433.
  • Mosca, I. (2013). Body mass index, waist circumference and employment: Evidence from older Irish adults. Economics & Human Biology, 11(4), 522-533.
  • Norton, E. C. & Han, E. (2008). Genetic information, obesity, and labor market outcomes. Health Economics, 17(9), 1089-1104.
  • Pagan, J. A. & Davila, A. (1997). Obesity, occupational attainment, and earnings. Social Science Quarterly, 756-770.
  • Popkin, B. M., Adair, L. S. & Ng, S. W. (2012). Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutrition Reviews, 70(1), 3-21.
  • Prentice, A. M. (2006). The emerging epidemic of obesity in developing countries. International Journal of Epidemiology, 35(1), 93-99.
  • Renna, F. & Thakur, N. (2010). Direct and indirect effects of obesity on US labor market outcomes of older working age adults. Social Science & Medicine, 71(2), 405-413.
  • Rubin, D. B. (2006). Matched sampling for causal effects. Cambridge University Press.
  • Trogdon, J. G., Finkelstein, E. A., Hylands, T., Dellea, P. S. & Kamal-Bahl, S. J. (2008). Indirect costs of obesity: A review of the current literature. Obesity Reviews, 9(5), 489-500.
  • Tunceli, K., Li, K. & Williams, L. K. (2006). Long-term effects of obesity on employment and work limitations among US adults, 1986 to 1999. Obesity, 14(9), 1637-1646.
  • World Health Organization. (2008). Obesity and overweight. Retrieved October 2, 2020, from https:// www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
  • World Health Organization, (2013). Nutrition, physical activity and obesity, Turkey. Retrieved October 2, 2020, from http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/country-work/ turkey2
  • Yumuk, V. D. (2005). Prevalence of obesity in Turkey. Obesity Reviews, 6(1), 9-10.
APA Tirgil A (2021). OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY. , 643 - 659. 10.17130/ijmeb.804066
Chicago Tirgil Abdullah OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY. (2021): 643 - 659. 10.17130/ijmeb.804066
MLA Tirgil Abdullah OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY. , 2021, ss.643 - 659. 10.17130/ijmeb.804066
AMA Tirgil A OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY. . 2021; 643 - 659. 10.17130/ijmeb.804066
Vancouver Tirgil A OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY. . 2021; 643 - 659. 10.17130/ijmeb.804066
IEEE Tirgil A "OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY." , ss.643 - 659, 2021. 10.17130/ijmeb.804066
ISNAD Tirgil, Abdullah. "OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY". (2021), 643-659. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.804066
APA Tirgil A (2021). OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 17(3), 643 - 659. 10.17130/ijmeb.804066
Chicago Tirgil Abdullah OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi 17, no.3 (2021): 643 - 659. 10.17130/ijmeb.804066
MLA Tirgil Abdullah OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, vol.17, no.3, 2021, ss.643 - 659. 10.17130/ijmeb.804066
AMA Tirgil A OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi. 2021; 17(3): 643 - 659. 10.17130/ijmeb.804066
Vancouver Tirgil A OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi. 2021; 17(3): 643 - 659. 10.17130/ijmeb.804066
IEEE Tirgil A "OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY." Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 17, ss.643 - 659, 2021. 10.17130/ijmeb.804066
ISNAD Tirgil, Abdullah. "OBESITY AND EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY". Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi 17/3 (2021), 643-659. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.804066
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
23-04-2024 20:4

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları