Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 108 - 116 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078 İndeks Tarihi: 12-11-2021

Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic

Öz:
Seven coronavirus species, including severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), cause respiratory diseasesin humans. Four of these species, namely, HCoV 229E,HCoV NL63, HCoV HKU1, and HCoV OC43, typically cause mildupper respiratory infection in babies, kids, and the elderly.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle Eastrespiratory syndrome coronavirus, and SARS-CoV-2 lead tomore serious diseases in humans by infecting the lower respiratorytract. Epidemic and pandemic situations are the consequencesof the rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and largenumber of deaths. Evaluations related to the recent COVID-19pandemic have revealed some requirements, which are notwell known but essential for fighting against this disease. Theserequirements include the obligation to work at laboratorieswith high biosafety level (BSL) and conduction of studies underthe guidance of biosafety and biosecurity simultaneously.Likewise, to overcome the hazardous microorganisms, laboratoryresearch is required alongside therapeutic and diagnosticservices in the field. This article aims to explain biosafety andbiosecurity practices at BSL-3 laboratories, which are necessaryfor the studies of SARS-CoV-2 as the causative agent ofCOVID-19.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Diğer Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Abacıoğlu, Y. H., & Sönmez, C. (2014). Ulusal Mikrobiyoloji Standartları Laboratuvar Güvenliği Rehberi. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 937, Ankara. https://hastane.ksu.edu.tr/depo/ belgeler/Ulusal%20Mikrobiyoloji%20Standartlar%C4%B1.compressed_ 1710261701460340.pdf (Accessed on 25.10.2020)
  • Ahmad, T., Haroon, Dhama, K., Sharun, K., Khan, F. M., Ahmed, I., Tiwari, R., Musa, T. H., Khan, M., Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., J Rodriguez-Morales, A., & Hui, J. (2020). Biosafety and biosecurity approaches to restrain/contain and counter SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid-review. Turkish Journal of Biology, 44(3), 132-145. [Crossref]
  • Ahmad, T., & Hui, J. (2020). One health approach and coronavirus disease 2019. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(4), 931-932. [Crossref]
  • Astuto-Gribble, L. M., & Caskey, S. A. (2014). Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity Risk Assessment Technical Guidance Document. United States. doi:10.2172/1171429. https://www.osti. gov/biblio/1171429-laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity-risk-assessment- technical-guidance-document (Accessed on 25.10.2020) [Crossref]
  • Buchan, B., Relich, R. F., & Mahlen, S. D. (2019). Interim Clinical Laboratory Guideline for Biological Safety the American Society for Microbiology. https://asm.org/ASM/media/Policy-and-Advocacy/Biosafety- white-paper-2019.pdf
  • BVL, 2013. BVL-Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Bekanntmachung der Liste risikobewerteter Spender- und Empfängerorganismen für gentechnische Arbeiten BVL 112/2013/4 (Accessed on : 25.10.2020). http://www.bvl.bund.de/SharedDocs/ Downloads/06_Gentechnik/register_datenbanken/organismenliste_ pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=7.
  • Caskey, S., & Sevilla-Reyes, E. E. (2015). Risk assessment. In R. M. Salerno, J. Gaudioso (Eds.), Laboratory Biorisk Management, Biosafety and Biosecurity (pp.45-63). CRC Press, New York. [Crossref]
  • CDC, (2009). Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. HHS Publication No. (CDC) 21-1112. https://www.cdc.gov/ labs/pdf/CDC-BiosafetyMicrobiologicalBiomedicalLaboratories- 2009-P.PDF (Accessed on 25.10.2020).
  • CDC, (2019). Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health- Care Facilities Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). https://www. cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/pdf/guidelines/environmental-guidelines- P.pdf (Accessed on 25.10.2020).
  • CDC, (2020). Inspection Checklist forBSL-3 Laboratories (7 CFR 331; 9 CFR 121; 42 CFR 73; BMBL 5th Edition). https://www.cdc.gov/selectagent/ resources/Checklist-BSL3.pdf (Accessed on 25.10.2020).
  • Ceyhan, İ. (2005). Biyogüvenlik Laboratuvar Seviyeleri ve Biyogüvenlik Kabinlerinin Seçimi Kullanımı ve Bakımı. In M. Günaydın, A. Saniç, B. Gürler (Eds.), Proceedings of 4. Ulusal Sterilizasyon Dezenfeksiyon Kongresi (pp.608-633). https://das.org.tr/kitaplar/kitap2005/57-05. pdf (Accessed on 25.10.2020).
  • Council Directive, (2000). On the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work (seventh individual directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC),2000/54/ EC Official Journal L262, 43, 21-45.
  • CWA, (2011). European Committee for Standardization Workshop Agreement 15793, Laboratory Biorisk Management Standard. https:// internationalbiosafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/CWA- 15793-English.pdf (Accessed no 25.10.2020).
  • FAO, (2018). Biosafety Primer 2018. Bangkok. pp. 120. http://www.fao. org/3/i6800en/I6800EN.pdf (Accessed on 25.10.2020).
  • Frey, J. (2013). Classification of Organisms Part 1: Bacteria. Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Federal Office of Public Health FOPH. FOEN/FOPH 2013. https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/ home/topics/biotechnology/publications-studies/publications/ classification-of-organisms.html. (Accessed on: 25.10.2020).
  • Gribble, L. A., Tria, E. S., & Wallis, L. (2015). The AMP Model. In R. M. Salerno, J. Gaudioso (Eds.), Laboratory Biorisk Management, Biosafety and Biosecurity (pp. 31-43). CRC Press New York. [Crossref]
  • Hasöksüz, M., Kiliç, S., & Saraç, F. (2020). Corona viruses and SARS-CoV-2. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50, 549-556. [Crossref]
  • HSE, (2013). HSE-Health and Safety Executive. The Approved List of Biological Agents Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens. https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/misc208.pdf (Acessed on: 25.10.2020)
  • Hufert, F. T., & Weidmann, M. (2014). Technical and Practical Aspects of BSL-3 Laboratories In M. Weidmann, N. Silman, P. Butaye, & M. Elschner, (Eds.), Working in Biosafety Level 3 and 4 Laboratories: A Practical Introduction (pp 21-29). Wiley Blackwell, Menheim. [Crossref]
  • Johnson, B., & Casagrande, R. (2016). Comparison of International Guidance for Biosafety Regarding Work Conducted at Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) and Gain-of-Function (GOF) Experiments. Applied Biosafety, 21(3), 128-141. [Crossref]
  • Karagül, M. S. (2019). Assessment, Mitigation, Performance Model in Biorisk Management [Biyorisk Yönetimin Değerlendirme, Azaltma, Performans Modeli]. In A. Özkan, S. Biroğul, Ö. Güngör, M. Of, B. Demir, Ç. Taşdemirci (Eds.), Proceedings of International Marmara Sciences Congress pp.133-138.
  • Kelly, A. M. (2005). Veterinary Medicine in the 21st Century: The Challenge of Biosecurity. ILAR Journal, 46(1), 62-64. [Crossref]
  • Kelly, H. (2011). The classical definition of a pandemic is not elusive. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 89(7), 540-541. [Crossref] Lacroix, V. (2012). All about Pandemics (Epidemic Infectious of Disease). University Publishing, Delhi.
  • NIH, (2014). BSL-3 and ABSL-3 HVAC System Requirements - Part I. The National Institues of Health 1, 51. Division of Technical Resources https://www.orf.od.nih.gov/TechnicalResources (Acessed on: 25.10.2020)
  • NIH, (2016). National Institute of Health Guidelines: Guidelines for research involving recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules. https://osp.od.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/NIH_Guidelines.pdf (Accessed on 25.10.2020).
  • NIH, (2019). Design Requirement Manual. Division of Technical Resources. https://www.orf.od.nih.gov/TechnicalResources/Documents/ DRM/DRM1.503262020.pdf (Acessed on: 25.10.2020) [Crossref]
  • OECD, (1998). Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring. ENV/MC/CHEM(98)17. http://www.oecd. org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?doclanguage= en&cote=env/mc/chem(98)17 (Accessed on 25.10.2020)
  • OIE, (2012). Biosafety and biosecurity in the veterinary microbiology laboratory and animal facilities. Terrestrial Manual Chapter 1.1.3. https://caninerabiesblueprint.org/IMG/pdf/1.01.03_biosafety_ biosecurity_vet_microbiology_lab_new.pdf (Accessed on 25.10.2020)
  • OIE, (2018). Standart for managing biological risk in the veterinary laboratory and animal facilities. Terrestrial Manual 2018 Chapter 1.1.4. https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/ tahm/1.01.04_BIOSAFETY_BIOSECURITY.pdf Resmi Gazete, (2010). Biyogüvenlik Kanunu 5997. https://www.resmigazete. gov.tr/eskiler/2010/03/20100326-7.htm (Accessed on 25.10.2020)
  • Salerno, R. M., & Gaudioso, J. (2007). Laboratory Biosecurity Handbook. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, New York. [Crossref]
  • Salerno, R. M., & Gaudioso, J. (2015). The Case for Biorisk Management. In R. M. Salerno, J. Gaudioso (Eds.), Laboratory Biorisk Management, Biosafety and Biosecurity (pp. 01-30). CRC Press New York. [Crossref] Şeker, E., & Yardımcı, H. (2003). Mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarlarında biyogüvenlik. Orlab On-Line Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 01(04), 3-32.
  • Silman, N. (2014). Hazard Criteria and Categorization of Microbes Classification Systems. In M. Weidmann, N. Silman, P. Butaye, & M. Elschner, (Eds.) Working in Biosafety Level 3 and 4 Laboratories: A Practical Introduction (pp. 13-20). Wiley Blackwell, Menheim. [Crossref]
  • UCOP, (2020). University of California Office of the President. Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) Laboratory Design Standards. https://www.ucop. edu/safety-and-loss-prevention/_files/hcloc/uc-bsl3-design-standards- final.pdf (Accessed on 25.10.2020).
  • Weidmann, M. (2014). Introduction. In M. Weidmann, N. Silman, P. Butaye, & M. Elschner, (Eds.), Working in Biosafety Level 3 and 4 Laboratories A Practical Introduction (pp. 1-3). Wiley Blackwell, Menheim. [Crossref]
  • WHO, (2004). Laboratory Biosafety Manual. 3rd ed. Geneva. https:// www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241546506 (Accessed on 25.10.2020)
  • WHO, (2006). Biorisk management Laboratory biosecurity guidance. WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.6 https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ biosafety/WHO_CDS_EPR_2006_6.pdf (Accessed on 25.10.2020).
  • WHO, (2012). Tuberculosis Laboratory Biosafety Manual. WHO/HTM/ TB/2012.11, WHO Press, Geneva. https://www.who.int/tb/publications/ 2012/tb_biosafety/en/ (Accessed on 25.10.2020).
  • WHO, (2020a). Interim Guidance. Laboratory testing for corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected human cases. WHO/ COVID-19/laboratory/2020.4 https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/ 10665/331329 (Accessed on 01.03.2020).
  • WHO, (2020b). Interim Guidance. Laboratory biosafety guidance related to corona virus disease (COVID-19). WHO/WPE/GIH/2020.3 https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/332076 (Accessed on 25.10.2020).
  • WHO, (2020c). Scientific brief. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions. https://www.who. int/publications/i/item/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing- covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations (Accessed on 25.10.2020)
  • Wilson, D. E., & Memarzadeh, F. (2006). National Institutes of Health Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory Certification Requirements. https:// www.orf.od.nih.gov/TechnicalResources/Bioenvironmental/Documents/ BSL3CertificationGuidelinesFINAL_508.pdf (Accessed on: 25.10.2020)
  • Wittek, R., Dorsch-Häsler, K., & Link, J. (2013). Classification of Organisms Part 2: Viruses. Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Federal Office of Public Health FOPH. FOEN/FOPH 2013. https:// www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/biotechnology/publications- studies/publications/classification-of-organisms.html. (Accessed on: 25.10.2020)
  • Y.U. - YALE University, (2019). Yale Environmental Health & Safety Biological Safety BSL3 Laboratory Manual. https://ehs.yale.edu/sites/ default/files/files/bsl3-lab-manual.pdf (Accessed on: 25.10.2020)
  • Yücel, F., Ülbeği Polat, H., Akçael, E., & Deniz, T., (2014). Establishment of biosafety level 3 laboratory infrastructure to study with highly pathogen organisms and principles of operation: Review. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 34(1), 120-36. [Crossref]
APA Karagul M, Saraç F, HASOKSÜZ M (2021). Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic. , 108 - 116. 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
Chicago Karagul Mustafa Sencer,Saraç Fahriye,HASOKSÜZ MUSTAFA Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic. (2021): 108 - 116. 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
MLA Karagul Mustafa Sencer,Saraç Fahriye,HASOKSÜZ MUSTAFA Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic. , 2021, ss.108 - 116. 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
AMA Karagul M,Saraç F,HASOKSÜZ M Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic. . 2021; 108 - 116. 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
Vancouver Karagul M,Saraç F,HASOKSÜZ M Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic. . 2021; 108 - 116. 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
IEEE Karagul M,Saraç F,HASOKSÜZ M "Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic." , ss.108 - 116, 2021. 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
ISNAD Karagul, Mustafa Sencer vd. "Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic". (2021), 108-116. https://doi.org/10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
APA Karagul M, Saraç F, HASOKSÜZ M (2021). Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, 47(2), 108 - 116. 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
Chicago Karagul Mustafa Sencer,Saraç Fahriye,HASOKSÜZ MUSTAFA Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia 47, no.2 (2021): 108 - 116. 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
MLA Karagul Mustafa Sencer,Saraç Fahriye,HASOKSÜZ MUSTAFA Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, vol.47, no.2, 2021, ss.108 - 116. 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
AMA Karagul M,Saraç F,HASOKSÜZ M Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia. 2021; 47(2): 108 - 116. 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
Vancouver Karagul M,Saraç F,HASOKSÜZ M Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia. 2021; 47(2): 108 - 116. 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
IEEE Karagul M,Saraç F,HASOKSÜZ M "Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic." Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, 47, ss.108 - 116, 2021. 10.5152/actavet.2021.20078
ISNAD Karagul, Mustafa Sencer vd. "Enhanced Significance of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity During COVID-19 Pandemic". Acta Veterinaria Eurasia 47/2 (2021), 108-116. https://doi.org/10.5152/actavet.2021.20078