Objective: In this study, we aim to emphasize the dif ferences in the preliminary diagnoses of neoplasms seen in the max illofacial region obtained by cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) by comparing histopathology results. Material and Meth ods: Between 2008 and 2019, the histopathology reports of 75 out of186 patients with suspected neoplasms were obtained from patientsstudied using CBCT at Ataturk University, Faculty of Dentistry. Theresults of the radiological and histopathology reports of the patientswere compared. Results: Of the 75 patients, 35 patients were femaleand 40 patients were male. Of the preliminary diagnoses in CBCT,70 were benign neoplasm while 5 were malignant neoplasm. While 14of the reports with a preliminary diagnosis of benign neoplasm inCBCT are compatible with the histopathology report; afterhistopathological examination, the remaining 56 neoplasms were re ported different from the preliminary diagnosis of CBCT and thesedifferent lesions were malignant neoplasm, cyst, or other bone lesions.In 2 of 5 patients with suspected malignancy, the diagnosis was con firmed by histopathology, and histopathology examination of 1 pa tient resulted in a different neoplasm. The histopathology report of 2patients was interpreted in favor of lesions with benign neoplasm orother bone pathology. Conclusion: CBCT is one of the advancedimaging methods used in dentistry for the detection of neoplasms inthe maxillofacial region. Because the type of lesions seen in the jawbones is excessive and mimic each other, neoplasm and cysts or otherbone lesions may be confused in CBCT. According to the study weconducted, neoplasms preliminary diagnosis by radiological exami nations give a high rate of appearance similar to cysts. Conductingother examinations in addition to CBCT can help for differential di agnosis before surgical treatment.