Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 0 Sayı: 33 Sayfa Aralığı: 245 - 262 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333 İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS

Öz:
The First Globalisation Era of the late 19th century following the United Kingdom (UK) based Industrial Revolution, shaped the bilateral economic relationship between Turkey, formerly, Ottoman Empire and the UK, formerly, British Empire, including both bilateral trade and direct investment flows. On the other hand, in the Second Globalisation Era, following the Information and Communications Technology revolution, in late 20th century, bilateral economic relations gained a new dimension, where “more equal relationships” were observed between the two parties. The aim of this paper is to analyse and compare the bilateral Turkish-English economic relationship including both international trade and foreign direct investment in these two globalisation eras in order to emphasise the main differences and similarities as well as the magnitude of changes affecting these economies. It is found out that the industrial revolution in the UK did not shape the economic order only but also shaped the bilateral economic relationships between the so called “centre and periphery”. In this regard, in the Second Globalisation Era after 2001 with the changing place of the Britain Empire in the new Globalisation Era “more equal relationships” between two parties compared to the First Globalisation Era is found out, at least in terms of international trade.
Anahtar Kelime: The UK International Economic Relations Globalisation Turkey

TÜRKİYE VE BRİTANYA ARASINDAKİ İKİLİ EKONOMİK İLİŞKİLERİN BİRİNCİ VE İKİNCİ KÜRESELLEŞME DÖNEMLERİ İÇİN BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMASI

Öz:
Birleşik Krallık temelli Endüstriyel Devrimin devamındaki geç 19. Yüzyıl Birinci Küreselleşme Dönemi, Türkiye ve Birleşik Krallık arasındaki hem ikili ticareti hem de ikili doğrudan yatırım akımlarını içeren ikili ekonomik ilişkiyi şekillendirmiştir. Diğer tarafta, Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojisi devriminin devamındaki geç 20. Yüzyıl İkinci Küreselleşme Döneminde ikili ekonomik ilişkiler, iki taraf arasında daha eşit ilişkilerin gözlemlendiği yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bu iki küreselleşme döneminde hem uluslararası ticaret hem de doğrudan yabancı yatırımı içeren ikili Türk-İngiliz ekonomik ilişkilerinin bu ekonomileri etkileyen değişimlerin büyüklüğü kadar ana farklılıklarını ve benzerliklerini de vurgulamak amacıyla analiz etmek ve karşılaştırmaktır. Birleşik Krallık’daki Endüstriyel Devrimin sadece ekonomik düzeni şekillendirmediği, aynı zamanda “merkez ve çevre”arasındaki ikili ekonomik ilişkileri de şekillendirdiği saptanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, 2001 sonrası İkinci Küreselleşme Dönemi'nde Britanya İmparatorluğu'nun yeni Küreselleşme Dönemi'ndeki yerinin değişmesiyle birlikte, iki taraf arasında Birinci Küreselleşme Dönemi'ne göre en azından uluslararası ticaret açısından “daha eşit ilişkiler” olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA HAYALİ A, SÖNMEZ Y (2021). A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS. , 245 - 262. 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
Chicago HAYALİ Ayça SARIALİOĞLU,SÖNMEZ Yöntem A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS. (2021): 245 - 262. 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
MLA HAYALİ Ayça SARIALİOĞLU,SÖNMEZ Yöntem A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS. , 2021, ss.245 - 262. 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
AMA HAYALİ A,SÖNMEZ Y A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS. . 2021; 245 - 262. 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
Vancouver HAYALİ A,SÖNMEZ Y A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS. . 2021; 245 - 262. 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
IEEE HAYALİ A,SÖNMEZ Y "A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS." , ss.245 - 262, 2021. 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
ISNAD HAYALİ, Ayça SARIALİOĞLU - SÖNMEZ, Yöntem. "A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS". (2021), 245-262. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
APA HAYALİ A, SÖNMEZ Y (2021). A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 0(33), 245 - 262. 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
Chicago HAYALİ Ayça SARIALİOĞLU,SÖNMEZ Yöntem A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi 0, no.33 (2021): 245 - 262. 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
MLA HAYALİ Ayça SARIALİOĞLU,SÖNMEZ Yöntem A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, vol.0, no.33, 2021, ss.245 - 262. 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
AMA HAYALİ A,SÖNMEZ Y A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi. 2021; 0(33): 245 - 262. 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
Vancouver HAYALİ A,SÖNMEZ Y A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi. 2021; 0(33): 245 - 262. 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
IEEE HAYALİ A,SÖNMEZ Y "A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS." Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 0, ss.245 - 262, 2021. 10.18092/ulikidince.1004333
ISNAD HAYALİ, Ayça SARIALİOĞLU - SÖNMEZ, Yöntem. "A COMPARISON OF THE BILATERAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND BRITAIN FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND GLOBALISATION ERAS". Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi 33 (2021), 245-262. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1004333