Just like all its allies, the Ottoman State desired to win the war when it entered the First World War. Nevertheless, completely different problems had arisen together with the initiation of the war. One of them was themigratory movement of the Muslims at the Eastern Front. Depending on this migratory movement, the Ottoman State had named the Muslims seeking refuge from the areas under Russian occupation as mülteci [refugee]. While fighting at the front on one hand, the State had tried to organize the settlement and subsistence of the Muslim refugees on the other. The Muslims taking refuge from the vilayet [province] of Trabzon were among them. The refugees from Trabzon had sheltered in the direction of the districts of Giresun and Ordu and the sanjak of Canik. The Muslims dwelling in the south of the vilayet of Trabzon headed for the vilayet of Sivas. They were not only settled in the areas where they took refuge but they also migrated or were made to migrate to other areas. There were thus many refugees from Trabzon in Anatolia. There were even refugees sent to Damascus. After the withdrawal of the Russian Caucasian army from Anatolia following the start of the Bolshevik Revolution in Tsarist Russia in 1917, the surviving refugees returned to their homeland. However, the Armenian troops, acting in unison with the Russian army, had left behind ruins instead of buildings for the refugees returning to their homeland, namely the vilayet of Trabzon, and escaped from Anatolia after having massacred most of the Muslims who were unable to take refuge. This study examines the refugees from Trabzon, who were sheltering from the areas under Russian occupation in Eastern Black Sea region at the Eastern (Caucasian) Front of the First World War. The comparative method, mainly the qualitative and quantitative method, was used in the study. As a result of the literature scan, various studies on the muhacir [migrants] and the mülteci [refugees] were detected; however, it was found out that they did not examine the issue of refugees from Trabzon separately. Consequently, this study tries to define through the use of unrevealed information and archival documents the directions of the migration of the refugees from Trabzon primarily and their places of migration and settlement including their circumstances there.