Objectives: This study aims to investigate the topics distributiontrend and evaluate the characteristics of orthopedics andtraumatology residency theses during a 20-year period using abibliometric analysis. Materials and methods: Between January 2000 and December2020, orthopedics and traumatology residency theses of all centersproviding postgraduate education in Turkey were reviewed fromthe online application of the National Thesis Center of HigherEducation Council. Using the advanced search screen, a total of1,907 theses were reached. Massachusetts University Orthopaedicsand Traumatology Fellowship Programs and Turkish Society ofOrthopaedics and Traumatology sub-study groups. Results: During the study period, the three most studied topicsones were orthopedic trauma (n=536; 28.1%), adult reconstructionand arthroplasty (n=301; 15.8%) and spine surgery (n=203; 10.6%).The least studied subject was bone and soft tissue tumors with3.8% (n=73). The topic with the highest rate of publicationin all years was again orthopedic trauma. There was a verystrong positive (r=0.876) correlation between the total numberof thesis publications and the years (p<0.001; R2 =0.767). Basedon institutions types, the number of theses published in thetraining and research hospitals increased as of 2016. Moretheses were published than expected on orthopedic trauma, adultreconstruction and arthroplasty, sports injuries and arthroscopy,shoulder and elbow surgery, foot and ankle surgery in the trainingand research hospitals (p=0.003). Conclusion: The orthopedic research trends were differentiatedover the years in our country. The classification of the orthopedicthesis topics shows in which orthopedics subfield research subjectsare concentrated in our country and in which fields, research isneeded.