Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 49 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 214 - 222 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 İndeks Tarihi: 29-01-2022
Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk
Öz: Objective: The systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE) estimates the 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), and its application is recommended. The absolute risk of CVD, independent of risk factors, is relatively low in young individuals. Expressing the risk as their “risk age” may aid in understanding the risk. This study aimed to demonstrate a possible correlation between vascular risk age, SCORE risk value, and the level of subclinical atherosclerosis evaluated using a pulse wave velocity (PWV) device. Methods: This work was designed to be a cross-sectional study. The SCORE 10-year fatal CVD risk and vascular risk age were calculated for patients below the age of 50 years and without any previous diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease or equivalents. The PWV of each patient was measured non-invasively using a PWV device. Results: The study population included a total of 300 patients with a mean age of 35.1±9.5 years. The mean PWV and mean vascular age of the entire study population were 6.3±1.3 m/s and 44.3±5.5 years, respectively, and the median 10-year risk of fatal CVD score was 0.4 (0.04-2.74). There was a positive correlation between PWV and the 10- year risk of fatal CVD (r=0.613; P<0.001) and vascular risk age (r=0.684; P<0.001). Conclusion: Despite their young age and low to moderate 10-year risk of fatal CVD (<1%-5%) according to the SCORE chart, patients with a high vascular risk age were found to have high PWV values. These results show that calculations of vascular risk age might be used to assess the risk of fatal CVD in young patients and correlate with subclinical atherosclerosis.
Anahtar Kelime: Düşük mutlak kardiyovasküler riske sahip genç hastalarda vasküler risk yaşının nabız dalga hızı ile korelasyonu
Öz: Amaç: Sistematik Koroner Risk Değerlendirmesi (SCORE), 10 yıllık ölümcül kardiyovasküler hastalık (KVH) riskini tahmin etmekte ve uygulanması Avrupa Kardiyoloji Derneği tarafından tavsiye edilmektedir. Risk faktörlerinden bağımsız olarak ölümcül KVH mutlak riski, genç insanlarda nispeten düşüktür. Riskin “risk yaşı” olarak ifade edilmesi, riskin anlaşılmasına yardımcı olabilir ve gerekli yaşam tarzı değişikliklerinin uygulanmasını kolaylaştırabilir. Temel amaç, vasküler risk yaşı ve SCORE risk değeri ile nabız dalga hızı (PWV) ölçümü ile gösterilen subklinik ateroskleroz seviyesi arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Yöntemler: Bu çalışma kesitsel bir çalışma olarak tasarlandı. Elli yaş altında, daha önce herhangi bir aterosklerotik hastalık tanısı veya diabetes mellitus ve kronik böbrek hastalığı gibi eşdeğerleri olmayan hastalarda SCORE risk skalasına göre 10 yıllık ölümcül KVH riski hesaplandı. Her bir hastanın nabız dalga hızı, PWV cihazı kullanılarak non-invaziv olarak ölçüldü. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 300 hasta (156 kadın, 144 erkek) alındı ve yaş ortalaması 35.1±9.5 yıldı. Tüm çalışma popülasyonunun ortalama PWV değeri 6.3±1.3 m/sn ortalama vasküler risk yaşı 44.3±5.5 yıl ve medyan 10 yıllık ölümcül KVH risk skoru 0.4 (0.04-2.74) idi. PWV ile 10 yıllık ölümcül KVH riski (r=0.613; p<0.001) ve vasküler risk yaşı (r=0.684; p<0.001) arasında pozitif korelasyon saptandı. Sonuç: SCORE tablosuna göre genç yaşlarına ve 10 yıllık düşük ölümcül kardiyovasküler hastalık riskine (<%1) rağmen, yüksek vasküler risk yaşı olan hastaların yüksek PWV değerlerine sahip oldukları bulundu. Bu sonuçlar, vasküler risk yaşının hesaplanmasının, genç hastalarda KVH riskinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabileceğini ve subklinik ateroskleroz ile ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Detection NCEPEPo, Adults ToHBCi. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III): International Medical Pub; 2002. [Crossref]
- 2. Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, Albus C, Brotons C, Catapano AL, et al. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts)Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J 2016;37:2315-81.
- 3. D’Agostino RB, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care. Circulation 2008;117:743-53. [Crossref]
- 4. Conroy R, Pyörälä K, Fitzgerald AP, Sans S, Menotti A, De Backer G, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003;24:987-1003. [Crossref]
- 5. Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, Graham I, Reiner Z, Verschuren M, et al. ‘European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)’ The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur Heart J 2012;33:1635- 701. [Crossref]
- 6. Cuende JI, Cuende N, Calaveras-Lagartos J. How to calculate vascular age with the SCORE project scales: a new method of cardiovascular risk evaluation. Eur Heart J 2010;31:2351-8. [Crossref]
- 7. Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension; Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Blood Press 2013;22:193-278. [Crossref]
- 8. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Rosei EA, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018;39:3021- 104. [Crossref]
- 9. Hung C-S, Lin J-W, Hsu C-N, Chen H-M, Tsai R-Y, Chien Y-F, et al. Using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity to associate arterial stiffness with cardiovascular risks. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009;19:241-6. [Crossref]
- 10. Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R, Gautier I, Laloux B, Guize L, et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2001;37:1236-41. [Crossref]
- 11. Safar ME, Levy BI, Struijker-Boudier H. Current perspectives on arterial stiffness and pulse pressure in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Circulation 2003;107:2864-9. [Crossref]
- 12. Fantin F, Mattocks A, Bulpitt CJ, Banya W, Rajkumar C. Is augmentation index a good measure of vascular stiffness in the elderly? Age Ageing 2007;36:43-8. [Crossref]
- 13. Weber T, Auer J, O’Rourke MF, Kvas E, Lassnig E, Berent R, et al. Arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and the risk of coronary artery disease. Circulation 2004;109:184-9. [Crossref]
- 14. Laurent S, Cockcroft J, Van Bortel L, Boutouyrie P, Giannattasio C, Hayoz D, et al. Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications. Eur Heart J 2006;27:2588-605. [Crossref]
- 15. Weiss W, Gohlisch C, Harsch-Gladisch C, Tölle M, Zidek W, van der Giet M. Oscillometric estimation of central blood pressure: validation of the Mobil-O-Graph in comparison with the SphygmoCor device. Blood Press Monit 2012;17:128-31. [Crossref]
- 16. Wassertheurer S, Kropf J, Weber T, van der Giet M, Baulmann J, Ammer M, et al. A new oscillometric method for pulse wave analysis: comparison with a common tonometric method. J Hum Hypertens 2010;24:498-504. [Crossref]
- 17. Wilkinson IB, Fuchs SA, Jansen IM, Spratt JC, Murray GD, Cockcroft JR, et al. Reproducibility of pulse wave velocity and augmentation index measured by pulse wave analysis. J Hypertens 1998;16:2079-84. [Crossref]
- 18. London GM, Guerin AP. Influence of arterial pulse and reflected waves on blood pressure and cardiac function. Am Heart J 1999;138:S220-S4. [Crossref]
- 19. Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk: The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J 2020;41:11-188.
- 20. Van Bortel LM, Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Chowienczyk P, Cruickshank JK, De Backer T, et al. Expert consensus document on the measurement of aortic stiffness in daily practice using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. J Hypertens 2012;30:445-8. [Crossref]
- 21. Wassertheurer S, Kropf J, Weber T, van der Giet M, Baulmann J, Ammer M, et al. A new oscillometric method for pulse wave analysis: comparison with a common tonometric method. J Hum Hypertens 2010;24:498-504. [Crossref]
- 22. Hametner B, Wassertheurer S, Kropf J, Mayer C, Eber B, Weber T. Oscillometric estimation of aortic pulse wave velocity: comparison with intra-aortic catheter measurements. Blood Press Monit 2013;18:173-6. [Crossref]
- 23. Zhong Q, Hu M-J, Cui Y-J, Liang L, Zhou M-M, Yang Y-W, et al. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in the prediction of cardiovascular events and mortality: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Angiology 2018;69:617-29. [Crossref]
- 24. Boutouyrie P, Tropeano AI, Asmar R, Gautier I, Benetos A, Lacolley P, et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in hypertensive patients: a longitudinal study. Hypertension 2002;39:10-5. [Crossref]
- 25. Laurent S, Katsahian S, Fassot C, Tropeano AI, Gautier I, Laloux B, et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of fatal stroke in essential hypertension. Stroke 2003;34:1203- 6. [Crossref]
- 26. Cecelja M, Chowienczyk P. Dissociation of aortic pulse wave velocity with risk factors for cardiovascular disease other than hypertension: a systematic review. Hypertension 2009;54:1328-36. [Crossref]
- 27. Kotsis V, Stabouli S, Karafillis I, Papakatsika S, Rizos Z, Miyakis S, et al. Arterial stiffness and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in young healthy volunteers: the early vascular ageing Aristotle University Thessaloniki Study (EVA-ARIS Study). Atherosclerosis 2011;219:194-9. [Crossref]
- 28. Nishiwaki M, Takahara K, Matsumoto N. Arterial stiffness in young adult swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017;117:131- 8. [Crossref]
- 29. Sehestedt T, Jeppesen J, Hansen TW, Wachtell K, Ibsen H, Torp-Pedersen C, et al. Risk prediction is improved by adding markers of subclinical organ damage to SCORE. Eur Heart J 2010;31:883-91. [Crossref]
- 30. Kılıç A. Reference pulse wave velocity values in a healthy, normotensive Turkish population. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2019;47:373-8. [Crossref]
- 31. Wibetoe G, Ikdahl E, Rollefstad S, Olsen IC, Bergsmark K, Kvien TK, et al. Discrepancies in risk age and relative risk estimations of cardiovascular disease in patients with inflammatory joint diseases. Int J Cardiol 2018;252:201-6. [Crossref]
- 32. Seet RC, Loke WM, Khoo CM, Chew SE, Chong WL, Quek AML, et al. Acute effects of cigarette smoking on insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in young adults. Atherosclerosis 2012;224:195-200. [Crossref]
- 33. Lerant B, Christina S, Olah L, Kardos L, Csiba L. The comparative analysis of arterial wall thickness and arterial wall stiffness in smoking and non-smoking university students. Ideggyogy Sz 2012;65:121-6.
| APA | Asil S, Tokgozoglu L, YORGUN H, KABAKCI M, AYTEMIR K, Ozer N (2021). Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk. , 214 - 222. 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| Chicago | Asil Serkan,Tokgozoglu Lale,YORGUN HIKMET,KABAKCI MEVLANA GIRAY,AYTEMIR KUDRET,Ozer Necla Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk. (2021): 214 - 222. 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| MLA | Asil Serkan,Tokgozoglu Lale,YORGUN HIKMET,KABAKCI MEVLANA GIRAY,AYTEMIR KUDRET,Ozer Necla Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk. , 2021, ss.214 - 222. 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| AMA | Asil S,Tokgozoglu L,YORGUN H,KABAKCI M,AYTEMIR K,Ozer N Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk. . 2021; 214 - 222. 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| Vancouver | Asil S,Tokgozoglu L,YORGUN H,KABAKCI M,AYTEMIR K,Ozer N Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk. . 2021; 214 - 222. 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| IEEE | Asil S,Tokgozoglu L,YORGUN H,KABAKCI M,AYTEMIR K,Ozer N "Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk." , ss.214 - 222, 2021. 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| ISNAD | Asil, Serkan vd. "Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk". (2021), 214-222. https://doi.org/10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| APA | Asil S, Tokgozoglu L, YORGUN H, KABAKCI M, AYTEMIR K, Ozer N (2021). Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, 49(3), 214 - 222. 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| Chicago | Asil Serkan,Tokgozoglu Lale,YORGUN HIKMET,KABAKCI MEVLANA GIRAY,AYTEMIR KUDRET,Ozer Necla Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi 49, no.3 (2021): 214 - 222. 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| MLA | Asil Serkan,Tokgozoglu Lale,YORGUN HIKMET,KABAKCI MEVLANA GIRAY,AYTEMIR KUDRET,Ozer Necla Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, vol.49, no.3, 2021, ss.214 - 222. 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| AMA | Asil S,Tokgozoglu L,YORGUN H,KABAKCI M,AYTEMIR K,Ozer N Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi. 2021; 49(3): 214 - 222. 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| Vancouver | Asil S,Tokgozoglu L,YORGUN H,KABAKCI M,AYTEMIR K,Ozer N Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi. 2021; 49(3): 214 - 222. 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| IEEE | Asil S,Tokgozoglu L,YORGUN H,KABAKCI M,AYTEMIR K,Ozer N "Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk." Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, 49, ss.214 - 222, 2021. 10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
| ISNAD | Asil, Serkan vd. "Correlation of vascular risk age with pulse wave velocity in young patients with low absolute cardiovascular risk". Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi 49/3 (2021), 214-222. https://doi.org/10.5543/tkda.2021.25068 |
