Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 134 - 140 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885 İndeks Tarihi: 24-02-2022

Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Öz:
Objectives: This study aims to measure the perceived stress level of family caregivers of patients in palliative care units, and to reveal the socio-cultural and health-related characteristics that might affect their perceived stress. Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of family members who had taken care of their patients who were hospitalized in palliative care units between March 1, 2018, and June 1, 2018. A socio- demographic questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14) was applied face-to-face to all participants. Moreover, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) was applied to all participants. Results: Seventy-five family caregivers attended to the study. Twenty-two (34.7%) of family caregivers were patients’ children. Fifty-seven (75.0%) of family caregivers struggled with problems during care processes. Fif- teen (19.5%) participants gave positive responses to both questions of the PHQ-2. The number of family care- givers who had chronic diseases was 49 (64.5%). The mean score of PSS-14 was 46.9±5.7. Conclusion: Difficulties in the management of care processes may have increased perceived stress levels and may adversely affect the caregivers' health and social life. Providing early psychological support to family care- givers by health professionals may help to reduce perceived stress.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. World Health Organization. Palliative care. Available at: http:// www.who.int/cancer/palliative/definition/en/. Accessed Feb 2, 2020.
  • 2. Krug K, Miksch A, Peters-Klimm F, Engeser P, Szecsenyi J. Cor- relation between patient quality of life in palliative care and burden of their family caregivers: a prospective observational cohort study. BMC Palliat Care 2016;15:4.
  • 3. Kulkarni P, Kulkarni P, Ghooi R, Bhatwadekar M, Thatte N, Anavkar V. Stress among care givers: the impact of nursing a relative with cancer. Indian J Palliat Care 2014;20(1):31–9.
  • 4. Götze H, Brähler E, Gansera L, Polze N, Köhler N. Psychologi- cal distress and quality of life of palliative cancer patients and their caring relatives during home care. Support Care Cancer 2014;22(10):2775–82.
  • 5. Lund L, Ross L, Petersen MA, Groenvold M. Cancer caregiving tasks and consequences and their associations with caregiver status and the caregiver's relationship to the patient: a survey. BMC Cancer 2014;14:541.
  • 6. De Korte-Verhoef MC, Pasman HR, Schweitzer BP, Francke AL, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, Deliens L. Burden for family carers at the end of life; a mixed-method study of the perspectives of family carers and GPs. BMC Palliat Care 2014;13(1):16.
  • 7. Cavers D, Hacking B, Erridge SE, Kendall M, Morris PG, Murray SA. Social, psychological and existential well-being in patients with glioma and their caregivers: a qualitative study. CMAJ 2012;184(7):E373–82.
  • 8. Schneiderman N, Ironson G, Siegel SD. Stress and health: psy- chological, behavioral, and biological determinants. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2005;1:607–28.
  • 9. Choi S, Seo J. Analysis of caregiver burden in palliative care: An integrated review. Nurs Forum 2019;54(2):280–90.
  • 10. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of per- ceived stress. J Health Soc Behav 1983;24(4):385–96.
  • 11. Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, Dereboy Ç, Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New Symposium Journal 2013;51(3):132–40.
  • 12. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Kanser hastalığı konusunun araştırılarak gereken önlemlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla kurulan meclis araştırması komisyonu raporu. Rapor No: TBMM: 648. Available at: https://acikerisim.tbmm.gov.tr/ xmlui/handle/11543/134 Accessed Feb 2, 2020.
  • 13. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Palyatif bakım merke- zlerinin mevcut durumu. Available at: https://khgmozellikli. saglik.gov.tr/svg/palyatif.php. Accessed Sep 10, 2019.
  • 14. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Palyatif bakım üniteleri tescil listesi. Available at: khgm.saglik.gov.tr/Dosyalar/ ac7035f17e994340bf6b294670490aec.xlsx. Accessed Feb 5, 2018.
  • 15. O’Connor EA, Whitlock EP, Beil TL, Gaynes BN. Screening for depression in adult patients in primary care settings: a sys- tematic evidence review. Ann Intern Med 2009;151(11):793– 803.
  • 16. Goldsmith J, Ragan SL. Palliative care and the family caregiver: trading mutual pretense (empathy) for a sustained gaze (com- passion). Behav Sci (Basel) 2017;7(2):19.
  • 17. Egici MT, Can MK, Toprak D, Öztürk GZ, Esen ES, Özen B, et al. Care burden and burnout status of caregivers whose patients are treated in palliative care centers. JAREN 2019;5(2):123–31.
  • 18. Velosoa VI, Tripodoro VA. Caregivers burden in palliative care patients: a problem to tackle. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2016;10(4):330–35.
  • 19. Aoun S, Slatyer S, Deas K, Nekolaichuk C. Family caregiver par- ticipation in palliative care research: challenging the myth. J Pain Symptom Manage 2017;53(5):851–61.
  • 20. Queller DC. Why do females care more than males?. Proc Biol Sci 1997;264(1388):1555–57.
  • 21. Schumacher KL, Stewart BJ, Archbold PG, Caparro M, Mutale F, Agrawal S. Effects of caregiving demand, mutuality, and pre- paredness on family caregiver outcomes during cancer treat- ment. Oncol. Nurs. Forum 2008;35(1):49–56.
  • 22. Adelman RD, Tmanova LL, Delgado D, Dion S, Lachs MS. Care- giver burden. JAMA 2014;311(10):1052–60.
  • 23. Ullrich A, Ascherfeld L, Marx G, Bokemeyer C, Bergelt C, Oechsle K. Quality of life, psychological burden, needs, and satisfaction during specialized inpatient palliative care in fam- ily caregivers of advanced cancer patients. BMC Palliat Care 2017;16(1):31.
  • 24. Kim SH, Hwang IC, Ko KD, Kwon YE, Ahn HY, Cho NY, et al. As- sociation between the emotional status of the family caregiv- er and length of stay in a palliative care unit: a retrospective study. Palliat Support Care 2015;13(6):1695–700.
  • 25. Zimmermann C, Swami N, Krzyzanowska M, Hannon B, Leighl N, Oza A, et al. Early palliative care for patients with ad- vanced cancer: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2014;383(9930):1721–30.
  • 26. Costantini M, Higginson IJ, Boni L, Orengo MA, Garrone E, Henriquet F, Bruzzi P. Effect of a palliative home care team on hospital admissions among patients with advanced cancer. Palliat Med 2003;17(4):315–21.
  • 27. Bennett MI, Ziegler L, Allsop M, Daniel S, Hurlow A. What de- termines duration of palliative care before death for patients with advanced disease? A retrospective cohort study of com- munity and hospital palliative care provision in a large UK city. BMJ Open 2016;6(12):e012576.
  • 28. Türkiye Halk Saglığı Kurumu. Türkiye kronik hastalıklar ve risk faktörleri sıklıgı çalışması. Ünal B, Ergör G, editors. Refik Saydam Hıfzıssıhha Merkezi Başkanlığı, Hıfzıssıha Mektebi Müdürlügü. Ankara; 2013. Available at: https://sbu.saglik.gov. tr/ekutuphane/kitaplar/khrfat.pdf. Accessed Jun 29, 2021.
  • 29. Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, Kalaca S, Gedik S, Dinccag N, et al; TURDEP-II Study Group. Twelve-year trends in the preva- lence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol 2013;28(2):169–80.
  • 30. Chrousos GP. Stress and disorders of the stress system. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2009;5(7):374–81.
  • 31. Kneipp SM, Kairalla FJA, Stacciarini JMR, Pereira D, Miller MD. Comparison of depressive symptom severity scores in low ıncome women. Nurs Res 2010;59(6):380–88.
  • 32. Huang F, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhang J, Du W, Su C, et al. Psycho- metric properties of the perceived stress scale in a community sample of Chinese. BMC Psychiatry 2020;20(1):130.
  • 33. Luchesi BM, Souza ÉN, Gratão AC, Gomes GA, Inouye K, Alex- andre Tda S, et al. The evaluation of perceived stress and as- sociated factors in elderly caregivers. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016;67:7–13.
  • 34. Costa-Requena G, Cristófol R, Cañete J. Caregivers' morbidity in palliative care unit: predicting by gender, age, burden and self-esteem. Support Care Cancer 2012;20(7):1465–70.
  • 35. Oken B.S, Fonareva I, Wahbeh H. Stress-related cognitive dys- function in dementia caregivers. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2011;24(4):191–98.
APA AKTURAN S, YILMAZ C, ÇİLTAŞ N, KUMLU G (2021). Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study. , 134 - 140. 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
Chicago AKTURAN Selçuk,YILMAZ Canan Tuz,ÇİLTAŞ Nadire Yıldız,KUMLU Gökhan Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study. (2021): 134 - 140. 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
MLA AKTURAN Selçuk,YILMAZ Canan Tuz,ÇİLTAŞ Nadire Yıldız,KUMLU Gökhan Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study. , 2021, ss.134 - 140. 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
AMA AKTURAN S,YILMAZ C,ÇİLTAŞ N,KUMLU G Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study. . 2021; 134 - 140. 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
Vancouver AKTURAN S,YILMAZ C,ÇİLTAŞ N,KUMLU G Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study. . 2021; 134 - 140. 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
IEEE AKTURAN S,YILMAZ C,ÇİLTAŞ N,KUMLU G "Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study." , ss.134 - 140, 2021. 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
ISNAD AKTURAN, Selçuk vd. "Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study". (2021), 134-140. https://doi.org/10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
APA AKTURAN S, YILMAZ C, ÇİLTAŞ N, KUMLU G (2021). Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study. The anatolian journal of family medicine (Online) , 4(2), 134 - 140. 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
Chicago AKTURAN Selçuk,YILMAZ Canan Tuz,ÇİLTAŞ Nadire Yıldız,KUMLU Gökhan Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study. The anatolian journal of family medicine (Online) 4, no.2 (2021): 134 - 140. 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
MLA AKTURAN Selçuk,YILMAZ Canan Tuz,ÇİLTAŞ Nadire Yıldız,KUMLU Gökhan Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study. The anatolian journal of family medicine (Online) , vol.4, no.2, 2021, ss.134 - 140. 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
AMA AKTURAN S,YILMAZ C,ÇİLTAŞ N,KUMLU G Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study. The anatolian journal of family medicine (Online) . 2021; 4(2): 134 - 140. 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
Vancouver AKTURAN S,YILMAZ C,ÇİLTAŞ N,KUMLU G Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study. The anatolian journal of family medicine (Online) . 2021; 4(2): 134 - 140. 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
IEEE AKTURAN S,YILMAZ C,ÇİLTAŞ N,KUMLU G "Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study." The anatolian journal of family medicine (Online) , 4, ss.134 - 140, 2021. 10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885
ISNAD AKTURAN, Selçuk vd. "Perceived Stress Levels and Influencing Factors of Stress in Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study". The anatolian journal of family medicine (Online) 4/2 (2021), 134-140. https://doi.org/10.5505/anatoljfm.2021.69885