Positivism, along with “scientificism”, “evolutionism”, and “Social Darwinism”, based on the views of Auguste Comte (1798-1857), emerged as an understanding that tries to advance political, cultural, and social modernization independently from traditional and religious ones in the western world during the 19th century. This understanding was exported to other cultures and societies into the world after its adoption by the west, and it was one of the imported thought traditions for the societies that regressed against the west in the 19th century, including the Ottoman Empire. Positivism, along with other western traditions and movements of thought, had a significant impact on the political and social dimension of Ottoman/Turkish modernization. The New Ottomans, the Young Turks and finally the Unionists historically played an important role in the admission, development, and acceptance of modernization and westernization into the country through the intellectuals. The views expressed by the personalities of these groups and structures with their works showed that the place of positivism in the transformation of the Ottoman state and social structure was very important. In this study, positivism is tried to explain as a tradition of political and social thought and examine through the thoughts of important groups and personalities in the context of its effect on the development of political and social thought in the Ottoman/Turkish modernization before and after the Constitutional Monarchy. In the study, the content analysis method is used as an article writing technique, and the effects of positivism on political and social thought in Ottoman/Turkish modernization are examined benefitting from the primary and secondary sources of academics and contemporary thinkers who are prominent in terms of the subject.