Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Sevdan YILMAZ, (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Deniz Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Fakültesi, Su Ürünleri Bölümü, Çanakkale, Türkiye)
Dilek KAHRAMAN, (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Deniz Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Fakültesi, Deniz Biyolojisi Bölümü, Çanakkale, Türkiye)
Ekrem Şanver ÇELİK, (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Deniz Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Fakültesi, Deniz Biyolojisi Bölümü, Çanakkale, Türkiye)
Mehmet Ali KÜÇÜKER (İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, İzmir, Türkiye)
JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES
14 0
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 717 - 726 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.35229/jaes.989058 İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Öz:
In this study, we used shotgun metagenome sequencing to examine the metabolic diversity, microbial community structure and diverse antimicrobial resistance genes of mucilage in the surface waters of the Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles). Mucilage samples were collected in April 2021 from the three different stations of the Dardanelles. The dominant microbial communities at the phylum level were Bacteroidetes (20.06%), Proteobacteria (13.68%), Verrucomicrobia (6.25%), Planctomycetes (3.02%) and Cyanobacteria (2.5%). Metabolic pathway analysis using KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) revealed that most of the genes of mucilage samples were involved in unclassified (73.86%) followed by metabolism (14.45%), genetic information processing (4.16%), environmental information processing (2.57%), cellular processing (1.88%), human diseases (1.61%), and organismal systems (1.47%). The dfrA3 gene was the most prevalent (20.36%) followed by CRP (18.17%), PmrE (14.92%), rpoB2 (11.17%), SoxR (7.49%), AbeS (6.83%), baeR (5.22%), PmrF (3.70%), dfrA22 (2.20%), dfrA26 (1.76%), dfrA20 (1.63%), golS (1.26%), CAT (1.03%), mtrA (1.01%), TMB-1 (0.64%), novA (0.64%), dfrK (0.59%), vanXB (0.48%), dfrG (0.39%), FosC2 (0.31%), and MexA (0.20%) genes. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) types mainly included the resistance genes of multidrug (40.19%), trimethoprim (26.93%), polymyxin (18.62%), rifamycin (11.17%), chloramphenicol (1.03%), aminocoumarin (0.64%), beta-lactamase (0.64%), fosfomycin (0.31%), and vancomycin (0.48%). Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in mucilage can adhere to human skin during swimming, fishing, water sports etc., enter the body through the nose and mouth, and transfer genetic information to the bacteria in contact areas in the human body. Therefore, this situation is risky in public health, and necessary precautions should be taken. In the light of these findings, it has been observed that there is a need for more detailed studies in the future.
Anahtar Kelime: Public health Mucilage Metagenome Marine aggregates Antibiotic Marine snow

Çanakkale Boğazı Yüzey Sularındaki Müsilaj İçin Shotgun Metagenomik Analizi: Metabolik Çeşitlilik, Mikrobiyal Topluluk Yapısı ve Antibiyotik Direnç Genleri

Öz:
Bu çalışma da Çanakkale Boğazı yüzey sularındaki müsilajın metabolik çeşitliliğini, mikrobiyal topluluk yapısını ve çeşitli antimikrobiyal direnç genlerini incelemek için shotgun metagenom dizilimi kullandık. Nisan 2021'de Çanakkale Boğazı'nın üç farklı istasyonundan müsilaj örnekleri toplandı. Filum düzeyinde baskın mikrobiyal topluluklar Bacteroidetes (%20.06), Proteobacteria (%13.68), Verrucomicrobia (%6.25), Planctomycetes (%3.02) ve Cyanobacteria (%2.5) olarak belirlendi. KEGG (Kyoto Genler ve Genomlar Ansiklopedisi) kullanılarak yapılan metabolik yol analizi, müsilaj örneklerinin genlerinin çoğunun sınıflandırılmamış (%73.86), ardından sırasıyla metabolizma (%14.45), genetik prosesler (%4.16), çevresel prosesler ( %2.57, hücresel prosesler (%1.88), insan hastalıkları (%1.61) ve organizma sistemleri (%1.47) ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. dfrA3 geni baskın olup (%20,36), ardından sırasıyla CRP (%18,17), PmrE (%14,92), rpoB2 (%11,17), SoxR (%7,49), AbeS (%6,83), baeR (%5,22), PmrF (%3,70), dfrA22 (%2,20), dfrA26 (%1,76), dfrA20 (%1,63), golS (%1,26), CAT (%1,03), mtrA (%1,01), TMB-1 (%0,64), novA (%0,64), dfrK (%0,59), vanXB (%0,48), dfrG (%0,39), FosC2 (%0,31) ve MexA (%0,20) genleri yer almıştır. Antibiyotik direnç geni (ARG) tipleri, temel olarak çoklu ilaç direnci (%40,19), trimetoprim (%26,93), polimiksin (%18,62), rifamisin (%11,17), kloramfenikol (%1,03), aminokumarin (%0,64), beta-laktamaz (%0,64), fosfomisin (%0,31) ve vankomisin (%0,48) direnç genlerini içeriyordu. Müsilaj yapısında yüksek çoklu antibiyotik direnci ve trimetoprim, polimiksin, rifamisin ve kloramfenikol gibi önemli antibiyotik dirençlerinin bulunması halk sağlığı açısından riskli bir durum olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu bulgular ışığında gelecekte farklı zamanlarda ve derinliklerden alınacak örneklerle daha detaylı çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA Yılmaz S, Kahraman Yilmaz D, ÇELİK E, Kucuker M (2021). Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes. , 717 - 726. 10.35229/jaes.989058
Chicago Yılmaz Sevdan,Kahraman Yilmaz Dilek,ÇELİK Ekrem Şanver,Kucuker Mehmet Ali Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes. (2021): 717 - 726. 10.35229/jaes.989058
MLA Yılmaz Sevdan,Kahraman Yilmaz Dilek,ÇELİK Ekrem Şanver,Kucuker Mehmet Ali Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes. , 2021, ss.717 - 726. 10.35229/jaes.989058
AMA Yılmaz S,Kahraman Yilmaz D,ÇELİK E,Kucuker M Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes. . 2021; 717 - 726. 10.35229/jaes.989058
Vancouver Yılmaz S,Kahraman Yilmaz D,ÇELİK E,Kucuker M Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes. . 2021; 717 - 726. 10.35229/jaes.989058
IEEE Yılmaz S,Kahraman Yilmaz D,ÇELİK E,Kucuker M "Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes." , ss.717 - 726, 2021. 10.35229/jaes.989058
ISNAD Yılmaz, Sevdan vd. "Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes". (2021), 717-726. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.989058
APA Yılmaz S, Kahraman Yilmaz D, ÇELİK E, Kucuker M (2021). Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes. JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, 6(4), 717 - 726. 10.35229/jaes.989058
Chicago Yılmaz Sevdan,Kahraman Yilmaz Dilek,ÇELİK Ekrem Şanver,Kucuker Mehmet Ali Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes. JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 6, no.4 (2021): 717 - 726. 10.35229/jaes.989058
MLA Yılmaz Sevdan,Kahraman Yilmaz Dilek,ÇELİK Ekrem Şanver,Kucuker Mehmet Ali Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes. JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, vol.6, no.4, 2021, ss.717 - 726. 10.35229/jaes.989058
AMA Yılmaz S,Kahraman Yilmaz D,ÇELİK E,Kucuker M Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes. JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES. 2021; 6(4): 717 - 726. 10.35229/jaes.989058
Vancouver Yılmaz S,Kahraman Yilmaz D,ÇELİK E,Kucuker M Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes. JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES. 2021; 6(4): 717 - 726. 10.35229/jaes.989058
IEEE Yılmaz S,Kahraman Yilmaz D,ÇELİK E,Kucuker M "Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes." JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, 6, ss.717 - 726, 2021. 10.35229/jaes.989058
ISNAD Yılmaz, Sevdan vd. "Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis for Mucilage in the Surface Waters of The Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metabolic Diversity, Microbial Community Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes". JOURNAL OF ANATOLIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 6/4 (2021), 717-726. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.989058
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
23-04-2024 22:5

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