Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 567 - 582 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376 İndeks Tarihi: 13-05-2022

The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired

Öz:
Visually impaired individuals deserve a comfortable outdoor experience. They need to perceive the space in the urban outdoors and act independently in the urban environment. These individuals have multi-sensory perceptual abilities in understanding the formal criteria in accessing and using urban spaces. Subsequently, it is essential to discuss these multiple sensory perceptions within the design and planning of the public spaces. This study aims to understand the sensory references of visually impaired individuals and their perception of landscape and space while they use urban parks. In this context, the focus is on how these individuals take their positions, develop orientations, coordinate movements, and behaviors based on the tactile, auditory, olfactory, and gustatory clues they receive from the environment. For this purpose, we conducted semi-structured one-onone interviews with 22 visually impaired individuals. As a result of in-depth interviews, we understood visually impaired individuals’ sensory references and their independent mobility in the urban environment. While each individual’s sensory references vary, sometimes different references are collected in one sense, and sometimes a reference was perceived by more than one sense. Developing sensory references in the urban landscape design is useful in providing comfortable space usage for the visually impaired and all other users.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Abbak, C.A. (2015). Sample Selection in Qualitative Research Methods. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare. net/canabbak/ntel-aratirma-yntemlernde- rneklem-sem
  • Akcalı, S. (2015). Examination of Architectural Places Due to Accessibility Standards in Which Designed for Visual Impaired: Libraries for Visually Impaired People. (Master’s thesis). Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey.
  • Belir, O. (2012). Determination of The Parameters That Affect The Spatial Legibility of The Visually Impaired People. (Doctoral dissertation). Department of Architecture, Yıldız Technıcal University, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Bruce, I., McKennell, A., & Walker, E. (1991). Blind & Partially Sighted Adults in Britain: the RNIB Survey. British Journal of Visual Impairment, 1, 327.
  • Çelik, M. (2013). Visual Landscape Perception of Urban Parks Case of Investigation Denizli. (Master’s thesis). Department of Landscape Architecture, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
  • Çetin, O. (2017). A Qualitative Research Technique: Interview. Personal web site. Retrieved from http://oguzcetin. gen.tr/nitel-bir-arastirma-teknigi- gorusme.html
  • Chiesura, A. (2004). The Role of Urban Parks for The Sustainable City. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68, 129-138.
  • Clark-Carter, D.D., Heyes A.D., & Howart, C.I. (1986). The Efficiency and Walking Speed of Visually Impaired Pedestrians. Journal of Ergonomics, 6, 779-789.
  • Creswell, J.W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches-4th ed. Printed in the United States of America, 239-240.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education - 6th Edition. ISBN 0-203-02905-4 Master e-book ISBN.
  • Cokluk, O., Yılmaz, K., & Oguz, E. (2011). A Qualitative Interview Method: Focus Group Interview. Theoretical Education, 4(1), 95-107.
  • Francis, M. (2003). Urban Open Space: Designing for User Needs. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA.
  • Fuda, S., Aletta, F., Kang, J., & Astolfi, A. (2015). Sound Perception of Different Materials for The Footpaths Of Urban Parks. Energy Procedia, 78, 13-18.
  • Gaunet, F. (2006). Verbal Guidance Rules for A Localized Wayfinding Aid Intended for Blind-Pedestrians in Urban Areas. Universal Access in The Information Society, 4(4), 338-353.
  • Gurkan, K. (2012). An Object Detection and Identification System for Visually Impaired People. (Doctoral dissertation). Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Gezer, B. (2014). The Problems of Solutıon Analysıs, Physıcal and Vısual Dısabled People Faced with Traffic. (Master’s thesis). Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Gezer, H. (2012). Components of Perception During the Process of Space Perception. Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences, 21, 1-10.
  • Gezer, H. (2014). Experiencing The Architecture. Istanbul Commerce University, Journal of Science and Technology, 26, 227-258.
  • Giritlioglu, C. (1991). Urban Space Elements and Design. Istanbul Technıcal University-Faculty of Architecture Publication, 1459. ITU Faculty of Architecture Print Workshop, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Heylighen, A., & Herssens, J. (2014). Designedly Ways Of Not Knowing: What Designers Can Learn About Space From People Who Are Blind. Journal of Urban Design, 19(3), 317 – 332.
  • Imrie, R. (2012). Universalism, Universal Design and Equitable Access to The Built Environment. Journal of Disability and Rehabilitation, 34(10), 873–882.
  • Jacobson, R.D. (1998). Cognitive Mapping Without Sight: Four Preliminary Studies of Spatial Learning. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18, 289-305.
  • Jenkins, G. R.; Yuen, H.K., & Vogtle, L.K. (2015). Experience of Multisensory Environments in Public Space Among People with Visual Impairment. Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(8), 8644– 8657.
  • Kıncal, Y.R. (2015). Scientific Research Methods, 4th edition. Nobel Academic Publishing Education Consultancy, Ankara, Turkey. ISBN: 978-605-133-512-4.
  • Lynch, K. (1990). The Openness of Open Space. City Sense and City Design: Writings and Projects of Kevin Lynch, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 396-412.
  • Mace, R. (1988). Universal Design: Housing for the Lifespan of All People. Origninally printed by the U.S. Department. Department of Housing and Urban Development: Rockville, MD, USA.
  • Marston, J.R., & Golledge, R.G. (2004). Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Barriers to Travel by Persons with Visual Impairments and Its Mitigation Through Accessible Signage. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Mobility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled People, Hamamatsu, Japan.
  • Morval, J. (1985). Introduction to Environmental Psychology. Translated by Nuri Bilgin. Ege University Publications, Izmir, Turkey.
  • Newton, N. (2010). The Use of Semi-Structured Interviews in Qualitative Research: Strengths and Weaknesses. Retrieved from https://www.academia. edu/1561689/The_use_of_semi-structured_ interviews_in_qualitative_research_ strengths_and_weaknesses
  • Pallasmaa, J. (2006). Eyes of The Skin: Architecture and The Senses. Architect, 95, 28–29.
  • Porteous, J.D. (1996). Environmental Aesthetics: Ideas, Politics and Planning. Routledge, London.
  • Rocque, S., Langevin, J., Chalghoumi, H., & Gorayeb, A. (2015). Universal Accessibility. International Conference, The Future of Education: 4th edition, Canada.
  • The Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Administration for Disabled People (2010). How Society Perceives Persons with Disabilities. Ankara, Turkey. Retrieved from http://psikiyatriksosyalhizmet. com/toplum_ozurlulugu_nasil_ anliyor.pdf
  • Turkoz Sarp, F. (2013). Visual Perception of Hearing-Impaired Individuals. (Master’s thesis). Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Stankiewicz, B.J., & Kalia, A.A. (2007). Acquisition of Structural Versus Object Landmark Knowledge. Journal of Experiemental Psychology: Human Perception& Performance, 33(2), 378-390.
  • Siu, K.W.M. (2013). Accessible Park Environments and Facilities for The Visually Impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 103(11), 766–772.
  • Sürmen, S. (2004). I was injured...: articles on disability and disability. Nüans Arma Publications, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Walker, C. (2004). The Public Value of Urban Parks. The Urban Institute, Research Report. Retrieved from http:// citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download? doi=10.1.1.537.205&rep=rep1&- type=pdf
  • Warren, D.H. (1978). “Perception by the Blind.” In Handbook of Perception, 65–82. New York, NY: Academic Press.
APA ÖZGÜR D, TUNÇAY H (2021). The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired. , 567 - 582. 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
Chicago ÖZGÜR Duygu,TUNÇAY Hayriye EŞBAH The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired. (2021): 567 - 582. 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
MLA ÖZGÜR Duygu,TUNÇAY Hayriye EŞBAH The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired. , 2021, ss.567 - 582. 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
AMA ÖZGÜR D,TUNÇAY H The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired. . 2021; 567 - 582. 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
Vancouver ÖZGÜR D,TUNÇAY H The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired. . 2021; 567 - 582. 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
IEEE ÖZGÜR D,TUNÇAY H "The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired." , ss.567 - 582, 2021. 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
ISNAD ÖZGÜR, Duygu - TUNÇAY, Hayriye EŞBAH. "The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired". (2021), 567-582. https://doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
APA ÖZGÜR D, TUNÇAY H (2021). The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired. A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(3), 567 - 582. 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
Chicago ÖZGÜR Duygu,TUNÇAY Hayriye EŞBAH The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired. A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 18, no.3 (2021): 567 - 582. 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
MLA ÖZGÜR Duygu,TUNÇAY Hayriye EŞBAH The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired. A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.18, no.3, 2021, ss.567 - 582. 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
AMA ÖZGÜR D,TUNÇAY H The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired. A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021; 18(3): 567 - 582. 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
Vancouver ÖZGÜR D,TUNÇAY H The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired. A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021; 18(3): 567 - 582. 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
IEEE ÖZGÜR D,TUNÇAY H "The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired." A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 18, ss.567 - 582, 2021. 10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376
ISNAD ÖZGÜR, Duygu - TUNÇAY, Hayriye EŞBAH. "The using of urban park as perceived by visually impaired". A|Z ITU Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 18/3 (2021), 567-582. https://doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2021.69376