Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 118 - 123 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 İndeks Tarihi: 22-05-2022
Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center
Öz: Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important public health problem worldwide. This study examined long-term changes in distribution of HCV genotypes s in HCV-RNA-positive patients in a large population. Materials and Methods: Following HCV genotype and subtype sequence analysis, the sequence and the reference sequences were compared with the “line probe assay” method or the multiplex amplification methods of 5’UTR and NS5B or only NS5B. Results: In the study, HCV-RNA positive 670 patients undergoing genotyping were included. Genotype 1 was detected in 603 patients (90.0%), genotype 3 in 45 (6.7%), genotype 2 in 12 (1.8%), genotype 4 in 6 (0.9%), combined genotypes 1 and 2 in 2 (0.3%), and genotypes 1 and 4 in 2 (0.3%). Genotypes 5, 6, 7 and 8 were not observed in this study. The most dominant subtypes by years were genotype 1b (82.8%) and genotype 3a (4.5%). Genotype 1b was detected in 63.2% of patients under <50 years of age and in 89.7% of those ≥50 years of age (p<0.001), while genotype 3 was determined in 2.0% of patients aged ≥50 years of age and in 20.1% of those <50 years of age (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that changes occurred in the general distribution of HCV genotype and subtypes by years, and that HCV genotype 1b was seen at the highest rate, especially in patients over 50 years old
Anahtar Kelime: Hepatit C Virüs Genotip Dağılımı: Akademik Bir Merkez, 18 Yıllık Deneyim
Öz: Amaç: Hepatit C virüsü (HCV) kronik hepatit, siroz, hepatosellüler karsinom gibi hastalıklara yol açması nedeniyle önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu çalışmada, geniş bir popülasyondaki HCV-RNA pozitif hastalarda, HCV genotip dağılımında uzun bir dönemdeki değişimin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: HCV genotip ve subtipleri dizi analizi sonrasında dizinin referans dizilerle karşılaştırılması; “line probe assay” yöntemiyle veya 5’UTR ve NS5B’nin veya sadece NS5B’nin multipleks amplifikasyonu yöntemlerinden biriyle gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmada HCV-RNA pozitif olup genotiplendirme yapılan toplam 670 hasta yer aldı. Hastaların 603’ünde (%90,0) genotip 1, 45’inde (%6,7) genotip 3, 12’sinde (%1,8) genotip 2 ve 6’sında (%0,9) genotip 4, 2’sinde (%0,3) genotip 1 ve 3 ve yine 2’sinde (%0,3) genotip 1 ve 4 birlikteliği tespit edildi. Çalışmada genotip 5, 6, 7 ve 8’e rastlanmadı. Yıllara göre en baskın subtip genotip 1b (%82,8) idi. İkinci en sık saptanan subtip ise genotip 3a (%4,5) idi. Genotip 1b <50 yaş olan hastalarda %63,2 ve ≥50 yaş olan hastalarda %89,7 oranında (p<0,001) saptanırken, ≥50 yaş olan hastalarda genotip 3 %2,0 ve <50 yaş olan hastalarda ise %20,1 oranında saptandı (p<0,001). Sonuç: Bu çalışmada HCV genotip 1b’nin en yüksek oranda, özellikle de 50 yaş üzerindekilerde görüldüğü ortaya konmuştur.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Bouacida L, Suin V, Hutse V, Boudewijns M, Cartuyvels R, Debaisieux L, De Laere E, Hallin M, Hougardy N, Lagrou K, Oris E, Padalko E, Reynders M, Roussel G, Senterre JM, Stalpaert M, Ursi D, Vael C, Vaira D, Van Acker J, Verstrepen W, Van Gucht S, Kabamba B, Quoilin S, Muyldermans G. Distribution of HCV genotypes in Belgium from 2008 to 2015. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0207584.
- 2. Kayman T, Polat C, Ergör G, Abacioğlu YH. Characterization of HCV genotype 4d infections in Kayseri, Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2015;45:547-552.
- 3. Sallam M, Batarseh R, Natsheh A, Abbadi J, Al-Fraihat E, Yaseen A, Kaddomi D, Khamees N, Mahafzah A, Şahin GÖ. An update on hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in Jordan: a 12-year retrospective study from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Amman. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;20:3.
- 4. Spearman CW, Dusheiko GM, Hellard M, Sonderup M. Hepatitis C. Lancet. 2019;394:1451-1466.
- 5. Çekın Y, Gür N, Çekın AH, Altuğlu İ, Yazan Sertöz R. Investigation of hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in patients with chronic hepatitis C infections in Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2014;48:484-490.
- 6. Buruk CK, Bayramoğlu G, Reis A, Kaklıkkaya N, Tosun I, Aydın F. Determination of hepatitis C virus genotypes among hepatitis C patients in Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2013;47:650-657.
- 7. Vince A, Židovec Lepej S, Bingulac-Popović J, Miletić M, Kuret S, Sardelić S, Vrakela IB, Kurelac I. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes in Croatia: 2008-2015. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2018;26:159-163.
- 8. Karabulut N, Alacam S, Yolcu A, Onel M, Agacfidan A. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Istanbul, Turkey. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2018;36:192-196.
- 9. Selek MB, Baylan O, Karagöz E, Özyurt M. Changes in hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in chronic hepatitis C infection patients. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2018;36:416-421.
- 10. Sağlik İ, Mutlu D, Öngut G, İnan D, Öğünç D, Can Sarinoğlu R, Özhak Baysan B, Gültekin M, Çolak D. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among patients with chronic hepatitis C infection in Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey: a five-year evaluation. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2014;48:429-437.
- 11. Petruzziello A, Marigliano S, Loquercio G, Cacciapuoti C. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes distribution: an epidemiological update in Europe. Infect Agent Cancer. 2016;11:53.
- 12. Messina JP, Humphreys I, Flaxman A, Brown A, Cooke GS, Pybus OG, Barnes E. Global distribution and prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes. Hepatology. 2015;61:77‐87.
- 13. Gower E, Estes C, Blach S, Razavi-Shearer K, Razavi H. Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2014;61(Suppl1):S45-57.
- 14. Çetin Duran A, Kibar F, Çetiner S, Yaman A. Determination of hepatitis c virus genotype and HCV infection transmission routes in Cukurova University Medical Faculty Hospital. Turk Hij Den Biyol J. 2017;74:201-210.
- 15. Kulah C, Altindis M, Akyar I, Gokahmetoglu S, Sayiner A, Kaleli I, Fidan I, Altuglu I, Aydin F, Topkaya A, Us T, Findik D, Ozdemir M, Oztürk E, Ulger ST, Karsligil T, Cekin Y, Aksaray S, Uzunoglu E, Aktas O, Uslu H, Cetinkol Y, Gureser AS, Ece G, Toptan H, Koroglu M, Comert F. The prevalence of mixed genotype infections in turkish patients with hepatitis c: a multicentered assessment. Clin Lab. 2019;65:485-490.
- 16. Cirit OS, Uzala Mızraklı A, Vurupalmaz Y, Gümüş HH, Özturhan H, Barış A. Genotyping Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus in Şanlıurfa Province and Effect of Syrian Patients. Viral Hepat J. 2019;25:62-66.
- 17. Kirdar S, Aydin N, Tiryaki Y, Ertugrul B, Coskun A, Bilgen M. Dynamics of HCV epidemiology in Aydin province of Turkey and the associated factors. APMIS. 2018;126:109-113.
- 18. Cil T, Ozekinci T, Goral V, Altıntaş A. Hepatitis C virus genotypes in the southeast region of Turkey. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2007;27:496-500.
- 19. Bozdayi AM, Aslan N, Bozdayi G, Türkyilmaz AR, Sengezer T, Wend U, Erkan O, Aydemir F, Zakirhodjaev S, Orucov S, Bozkaya H, Gerlich W, Karayalçin S, Yurdaydin C, Uzunalimoğlu O. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses in Turkish patients. Arch Virol. 2004;149:2115-2129.
- 20. İba Yilmaz S, Erol S, Özbeks A, Parlak M. Distribution of viral genotypes and extrahepatic manifestations in patients with chronic hepatitis C in Eastern Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2015;45:70-75. 21. Çelik C, Bakıcı MZ, Kaygusuz R, Ertürk R. The searching of HCV genotyping distributions in the region of Sivas. Viral Hepatit J. 2010;16:106-110.
- 22. Karslıgil T, Savaş E, Savaş MC. Genotype distribution and 5’UTR nucleotide changes in hepatitis C virus. Balkan Med J. 2011;28:232- 236.
- 23. Oztürk AB, Doğan UB, Oztürk NA, Ozyazici G, Demir M, Akin MS, Böngöl AS. Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Adana and Antakya regions of Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2014;44:661-665.
- 24. Akar T, Aynıoğlu A, Dındar G, Babür T. Contribution to determination of hepatitis C virus genotypes in Black Sea region: data from single high volume center in Zonguldak, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2014;48:518-520.
- 25. Tezcan S, Ulger M, Aslan G, Yaraş S, Altıntaş E, Sezgin O, Emekdaş G, Gürer Giray B, Sungur MA. Determination of hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in Mersin province, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2013;47:332-338.
- 26. Altuğlu I, Sertöz R, Aksoy A, Gürsel D, Tüzüner U, Günşar F. Possible transmission risks and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in Western Turkey. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2013;24:349-355.
- 27. Caliskan A, Kirisci O, Ozkaya E, Ozden S, Tumer S, Caglar S, Guler SA, Senol H. Distribution and predominance of genotype 3 in hepatitis c virus carriers in the province of Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Hepat Mon. 2015;15:e25142.
- 28. Calgin MK, Cetinkol Y. Hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in Ordu province. J Clin Anal Med. 2019;10:372-375.
| APA | Özkaya E, Buruk K, Aydın F, KAKLIKKAYA N, Baran I, TOSUN I (2021). Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center. , 118 - 123. 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| Chicago | Özkaya Esra,Buruk Kurtulus,Aydın Faruk,KAKLIKKAYA NESE,Baran Irmak,TOSUN Ilknur Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center. (2021): 118 - 123. 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| MLA | Özkaya Esra,Buruk Kurtulus,Aydın Faruk,KAKLIKKAYA NESE,Baran Irmak,TOSUN Ilknur Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center. , 2021, ss.118 - 123. 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| AMA | Özkaya E,Buruk K,Aydın F,KAKLIKKAYA N,Baran I,TOSUN I Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center. . 2021; 118 - 123. 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| Vancouver | Özkaya E,Buruk K,Aydın F,KAKLIKKAYA N,Baran I,TOSUN I Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center. . 2021; 118 - 123. 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| IEEE | Özkaya E,Buruk K,Aydın F,KAKLIKKAYA N,Baran I,TOSUN I "Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center." , ss.118 - 123, 2021. 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| ISNAD | Özkaya, Esra vd. "Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center". (2021), 118-123. https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| APA | Özkaya E, Buruk K, Aydın F, KAKLIKKAYA N, Baran I, TOSUN I (2021). Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center. Viral Hepatitis Journal, 27(3), 118 - 123. 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| Chicago | Özkaya Esra,Buruk Kurtulus,Aydın Faruk,KAKLIKKAYA NESE,Baran Irmak,TOSUN Ilknur Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center. Viral Hepatitis Journal 27, no.3 (2021): 118 - 123. 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| MLA | Özkaya Esra,Buruk Kurtulus,Aydın Faruk,KAKLIKKAYA NESE,Baran Irmak,TOSUN Ilknur Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center. Viral Hepatitis Journal, vol.27, no.3, 2021, ss.118 - 123. 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| AMA | Özkaya E,Buruk K,Aydın F,KAKLIKKAYA N,Baran I,TOSUN I Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center. Viral Hepatitis Journal. 2021; 27(3): 118 - 123. 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| Vancouver | Özkaya E,Buruk K,Aydın F,KAKLIKKAYA N,Baran I,TOSUN I Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center. Viral Hepatitis Journal. 2021; 27(3): 118 - 123. 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| IEEE | Özkaya E,Buruk K,Aydın F,KAKLIKKAYA N,Baran I,TOSUN I "Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center." Viral Hepatitis Journal, 27, ss.118 - 123, 2021. 10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
| ISNAD | Özkaya, Esra vd. "Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes: 18-Year Experience in an Academic Center". Viral Hepatitis Journal 27/3 (2021), 118-123. https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-6-2 |
