Yıl: 2000 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 1 - 29 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles

Öz:
This paper presents a computer vision system for an autonomous road vehicle (ARV) that is capable of negotiating complex road networks including road junctions in real time. The ultimate aim of the system is to enable the vehicle to drive automatically along a given complex road network whose geometric description is known. This computer vision system includes three main techniques which are necessary for an ARV: a) road following, b) road junction detection, c) manoeuvring at the road junction. The road following algorithm presents a method of executing a number of algorithms using different methods concurrently, fusing their outputs together into an accurate road model. A model-based object approach is used for detecting the road junctions in images. In this approach two sequence processes are performed. They are to find a boundary between the candidate road junction surface and the current road surface, and to locate the road junction surface. A multi-camera vision-based re-orientation mode was used to guide the ARV during the manoeuvring process at the road junction. In the re-orientation mode, the position of the ARV with respect to the road junction is determined by the "bootstrap" process. The results are presented for real road stretches and intersection images and performed on the experimental autonomous road vehicle in real time.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Mühendislik, Elektrik ve Elektronik
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • [1] Thomas B. T., Dagless E. L., Milford D. J., Morgan A. D., "Real-time Vision-Guided Navigation". Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 4, pp. 287-300, 1991.
  • [2] Thorpe C., Hebert M. H., Kanade T., Shafer S. A., "Vision and Navigation for the Carnegie-Mellon Navlab".IEEE Trans, on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 10, No. 3, May 1988, pp. 362-373.
  • [3] Dickmanns E. D., Behringer R., Brudigam C., Dickmanns D., Thomanek F., Holt V. V., "An All-Transputer Visual Autobahn-Autopilot/Copilot". Proc. 4th Int. Conference on Computer Vision ICCV '93, 11-14 May 1993, Berlin/Germany; IEEE Computer Society Press; pp. 608-615.
  • [4] Dikmanns E. D., "Performance Improvements for Autonomous Road Vehicles", Int. Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems (IAS-4), Karlsruhe, March 1995.
  • [5] Maurer M., Behringer R., Furst S, Thomanek F., Dickmanns E. D., "A Compact Vision System for Road Vehicle Guidance", IEEE Proceeding of 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Vol.3 pp.313-317, Vienna Austria, August 1996.
  • [6] Ulmer B., "VITA- An Autonomous Road Vehicle (ARV) for Collision Avoidance in Traffic". Proc. Intelligent Vehicle '92 Symposium, Detroit/Ml 29 June 1992, pp.36-41.
  • [7] Franke U., "Real-time 3D Road Modelling for Autonomous Vehicle Guidance", Proceeding of the 7th Scandinavian Conf. on Image Analysis, pp. 316-323, Aalborg, Denmark, August 1991.
  • [8] Hattori A., Hosaka A., Taniguchi M., Nakano E., "Driving Control system for an Autonomous Vehicle Using Multiple Observed Point Information". Proc. Intelligent Vehicles '92 Symposium, Detroit/MI, 1992 pp.
  • [9] Cox I. J., "Blanche -An Experiment in Guidance and Navigation of an Autonomous Robot Vehicle", IEEE Trans, on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 193-204, April 1991.
  • [10] Leonard J., Durrant-Whyte H. F., Cox I. J., "Dynamic Map Building for an Autonomous Mobile Robot", The International Journal of Robotics Reseacrch, Vol. 11, No. 4, August 1992.
  • [11] Ekinci M., "Computer Vision Applied to the Navigation of an Autonomous Road Vehicle in Complex Road Networks". PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, 1997.
  • [12] Ekinci M., and Thomas B. T., "Model-Based Autonomous Road Vehicle Navigation in Complex Road Networks",2nd International Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, Sakarya, Turkey, August, 1998.
  • [13] Thorpe C., Herbert M., Kanade T., Shafer S., "The New Generation System for CMU Navlab". Vision-Based 'Vehicle Guidance, ed. Ichiro Masaki, Springer-Ver lag, Chapter 2, 1992.
  • [14] Sharma U. K., Kuan D., " Real-Time Model-Based Geometric Reasoning For Vision-Guided Navigation".Machine Vision and Applications, 2, 31-44, 1989.
  • [15] Turk M. A., Morganthaler D. G., Gremban K. D., and Marra M., " VITS - A Vision System for Autonomous Land Vehicle Navigation". IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 10, no 3, 342-361, 1988.
  • [16] Davis L. S., DeMenthon D., Dickinson S., and Veatch P., "Algorithms for Road Navigation". Vision-Based Vehicle Guidance, ed. Ichiro Masaki, Springer Verlag, Chapter 3, 1992.
  • [17] Dickmanns E. D., Graefe V., "Applications of Dynamic Monocular Machine Vision". Machine Vision and Applications 1, no 4, 241-261, 1988.
  • [18] Morgan A. D., Dagless E. L., Milford D. J., and Thomas B. T., " Road Edge Tracking for Robot Road Following". Proc Fourth Alvey Vision Conference, University of Manchester, 178-184, 1988.
  • [19] Lotufo R. A., Dagless E. L., Milford D. J., and Thomas B. T., "Road Edge Extraction using a Plan-View Image Transformation". Proc Fourth Alvey Vision Conference, University of Manchester, 185-190, 1988.
  • [20] Gibbs F. W. J. and Thomas B. T., "The Fusion of Multiple Image Analysis Algorithms for Robot Road Following". 5th Int. Conference on Image Processing and its Applications, Heriot-Watt University, U.K.,394-399, 1995.
  • [21] Gibbs F. W. J., "Vision Based Autonomous Road Following". PhD Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996.
  • [22] Muller N., Baten S., " Image Processing Based Navigation with an Autonomous Car". Int. Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems (IAS-4), Karlsruhe, March 1995.
  • [23] Struct G., Geisler J., Laubenstein F., Nagel H. N., Siegle G., "Interaction Between Digital Road Map Systems and Trinocular Autonomous Driving". Intelligent Vehicles '93 Symposium, July 1993, Tokyo, Japan.
  • [24] Struct G., Geisler J., Laubenstein F., Nagel H. -H., Siegle G., " Multi-camera Vision-Based Autonomous Manoeuvring at Road Junctions". Proc. Intelligent Vehicle '94 Symposium, October 1994, Paris/France.
  • [25] Crisman J. D., and Thorpe C. E., "SCARF: A Color Vision System that Tracks Roads and Intersections".IEEE Trans, on Robotics and Automation, 9:1, Feb. 1993.
  • [26] Kluge K. and Thorpe C. E., "Intersection Detection in the YARF Road following System". Int. Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems (IAS-3), Pittsburg, P.A. February, 1993, pp. 145-154.
  • [27] Jochem T. M., Pomerlau D. A., Thorpe C. E., "Vision-Based Neural Network Road and Intersection Detection and Traversal". Proc. of IROS 95, Vol. 3, pp. 344-349, USA, 1995.
  • [28] Kushner T. R. and Puri S., "Progress in Road Intersection Detection for Autonomous Vehicle Navigation".SPIE Mobile Robots II, vol.852, pp. 19-24, 1987.
  • [29] Ekinci M. and Thomas B. T., "Navigating an Autonomous Road Vehicle in Complex Road Networks". 2nd Asian Conference on Computer vision, Vol. 1, pp. 229-233, Singapore, December, 1995.
  • [30] Ekinci M. and Thomas B. T., "Road Junction Recognition and Turn-offs for Autonomous Road Vehicle Navigation". 13th Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognition, Vol.3, pp. 318-322, August, 1996, Vienna, Austria.
  • [31] Canny J., "A Computational Approach to Edge Detection". IEEE Trans, on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol.8, No. 6, November, 1986.
  • [32] Campbell N. W., Pout M. R., Priestly M. D. J., Dagless E. L., Thomas B. T., "Autonomous Road Vehicle Navigation". Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp.177-190, 1994.
  • [33] Behringer R., Holt V. v., Dickmanns D., "Road and Relative Ego-State Recognition". Proc. Intelligent Vehicles'92 Symposium, pp. 385-390, Detroit/Ml, 1992.
  • [34] Ekinci M. and Thomas B. T., Multi-Camera Vision-Based Navigation of Autonomous Road Vehicles in Complex Road Networks". ISCIS XI The 11th International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences, November 6-8, 1996, Antalya, Turkey.
  • [35] Dagless E. L., et al. "Image Processing Hardware and Algorithms". Microcomputer '94, Proc. of the 5th School computer Vision and Graphics, Feb. 1994, Zakopane, Poland.
  • [36] Priestly M. D. J., "The Initialisation and Control of a Visually Guided Autonomous Road-Following Vehicle".PhD Thesis 1994, University of Bristol.
APA EKINCI M, GIBBS F, THOMAS B (2000). Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles. , 1 - 29.
Chicago EKINCI MURAT,GIBBS Franches W.J.,THOMAS Barry T. Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles. (2000): 1 - 29.
MLA EKINCI MURAT,GIBBS Franches W.J.,THOMAS Barry T. Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles. , 2000, ss.1 - 29.
AMA EKINCI M,GIBBS F,THOMAS B Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles. . 2000; 1 - 29.
Vancouver EKINCI M,GIBBS F,THOMAS B Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles. . 2000; 1 - 29.
IEEE EKINCI M,GIBBS F,THOMAS B "Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles." , ss.1 - 29, 2000.
ISNAD EKINCI, MURAT vd. "Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles". (2000), 1-29.
APA EKINCI M, GIBBS F, THOMAS B (2000). Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 8(1), 1 - 29.
Chicago EKINCI MURAT,GIBBS Franches W.J.,THOMAS Barry T. Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences 8, no.1 (2000): 1 - 29.
MLA EKINCI MURAT,GIBBS Franches W.J.,THOMAS Barry T. Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, vol.8, no.1, 2000, ss.1 - 29.
AMA EKINCI M,GIBBS F,THOMAS B Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences. 2000; 8(1): 1 - 29.
Vancouver EKINCI M,GIBBS F,THOMAS B Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences. 2000; 8(1): 1 - 29.
IEEE EKINCI M,GIBBS F,THOMAS B "Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles." Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 8, ss.1 - 29, 2000.
ISNAD EKINCI, MURAT vd. "Knowledge-based navigation for autonomous road vehicles". Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences 8/1 (2000), 1-29.