Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 135 - 151 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155 İndeks Tarihi: 26-05-2022

LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer

Öz:
Astragalus is a perennial plant that has existed for about 2500-3000 years and consists of more than 250 taxonomic parts. Twenty species of Astragalus are endemic to Turkey, as well as the richest genus with 425 taxa. The roots of Astragalus species are used in folk medicine as hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antibacterial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and diuretic. Also, it is used to treat diabetes mellitus, leukemia, nephritis and uterine cancer. It is known that in Anatolia, Astragalus roots are traditionally used against leukemia and wound healing. For the purpose, the measuring of antioxidant activity of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx FISCHER (EEAB), some bioanalytic methods including DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging effects, ferric ions (Fe3+) and cupric ions (Cu2+ ) reducing abilities, and metal (Fe2+) chelating activity were realized. α-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and BHT were used as the standard antioxidants. On the other hand, some phenolic compounds, which responsible for antioxidant activities of EEAB was determined by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). At the similar concentration, EEAB exhibited efficient antioxidant effects when compared to standard compounds. Additionally, EEAB showed IC50 values of 1.985 μg/mL toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 0.620 μg/mL on α-glycosidase and 0.306 μg/mL against α-amylase enzymes.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • [1] M.M.A. El-Ghani, A.S.A. El-Sayed, A. Moubarak, R. Rashad, H. Nosier and A. Khattab (2021). Biosystematic study on some Egyptian species of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae), Agriculture 11, 125.
  • [2] S. Albayrak and O. Kaya (2018). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of four Astragalus species growing wild in Turkey, Turk. J. Biochem. 43, 425-434.
  • [3] M.A. Berezutskii, L.R. Yakubova, N.A. Durnova, Y.V. Romanteeva, Y.V., Belonogova, E.E. Komarova, and A.S. Sheremet’eva (2020). Pharmacological properties of preparations based on Astragalus extract (Review), Pharm. Chem. J. 54, 372-376.
  • [4] Y. Demir, L. Durmaz, P. Taslimi and İ. Gülçin (2019). Anti-diabetic properties of dietary phenolic compounds: inhibition effects on α-amylase, aldose reductase and α-glycosidase, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 66(5), 781-786.
  • [5] M. Adnan, A.J. Siddiqui, A. Jamal, W.S. Hamadou, A.M. Awadelkareem, M. Sachidanandan and M. Patel (2021). Evidence-based medicinal potential and possible role of Selaginella in the prevention of modern chronic diseases: Ethnopharmacological and ethnobotanical perspective, Rec. Nat. Prod. 15(5), 330-355.
  • [6] B. Aslanipour, D. Gülcemal, A. Nalbantsoy, H. Yusufoglu and E. Bedir (2017). Cycloartane-type glycosides from Astragalus brachycalyx FISCHER and their effects on cytokine release and hemolysis, Phytochem. Lett. 21, 66-73.
  • [7] M. Küçük and İ. Gulcin (2016). Purification and characterization of carbonic anhydrase enzyme from black sea trout (Salmo trutta Labrax coruhensis) kidney and inhibition effects of some metal ions on the enzyme activity, Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 44,134-139.
  • [8] C. Caglayan, P. Taslimi, C. Türk, F.M. Kandemir, Y. Demir and I. Gulcin (2019). Purification and characterization of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme from horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) muscle and the impact of some metal ions and pesticides on enzyme activity. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part-C: Toxicol. Pharmacol. 226, 108605.
  • [9] H.T. Balaydın, I. Gulcin, A. Menzek, S. Göksu and E. Şahin (2010). Synthesis and antioxidant properties of diphenylmethane derivative bromophenols including a natural product, J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 25(5), 685-695.
  • [10] E. Koksal and I. Gulcin, (2008). Antioxidant activity of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.), Turk. J. Agric. For. 32, 65-78.
  • [11] I. Gulcin, V. Mshvildadze, A. Gepdiremen and R. Elias (2006). Antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of Hedera colchica: 3-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin, Phytother. Res. 20(2), 130-134.
  • [12] H. Tohma, I. Gulcin, E. Bursal, A.C. Gören, S.H. Alwasel and E. Köksal (2017). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) determined by HPLC-MS/MS, J. Food Measure. Charac. 11(2), 556-566.
  • [13] I. Gulcin, F. Topal, S.B. Oztürk Sarikaya, E. Bursal, A.C. Gören and M. Bilsel (2011). Polyphenol contents and antioxidant properties of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.), Rec. Nat. Prod. 5(3), 158-175.
  • [14] M. Elmastas, İ. Türkekul, L. Öztürk, I. Gulcin, Ö. Işıldak and H.Y. Aboul-Enein (2006). The antioxidant activity of two wild edible mushrooms (Morchella vulgaris and Morchella esculanta), Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen. 9(6), 443-448
  • [15] R. Arumugam, B. Kirkan and C. Sarikurkcu (2019). Phenolic profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of methanolic extracts from different parts of Astragalus ponticus Pall. South Afr. J. Bot. 120, 268-273.
  • [16] H. Kızıltaş, Z. Bingol, A.C. Goren, S.H. Alwasel and İ. Gülçin (2021). Anticholinergic, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Ferula orientalis L.-Analysis of its polyphenol contents by LC-HRMS, Rec. Nat. Prod. 15(6), 513-528.
  • [17] I. Gulcin, Ş. Beydemir, İ.G. Şat and Ö.İ. Küfrevioğlu (2005). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.), Acta Aliment. Hung. 34(2), 193-202.
  • [18] İ. Gülçin, İ.G. Şat, Ş. Beydemir and Ö.İ. Küfrevioğlu (2004). Evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant properties of extracts of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), Ital. J. Food Sci. 16(1), 17-30.
  • [19] Z. Huyut, S. Beydemir and I. Gulcin (2017). Antioxidant and antiradical properties of some flavonoids and phenolic compounds, Biochem. Res. Int. 7616791.
  • [20] I. Gulcin and A. Daştan (2007). Synthesis of dimeric phenol derivatives and determination of in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging activities, J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 22(6), 685-695.
  • [21] I. Gulcin (2012). Antioxidant activity of food constituents: An overview, Arch. Toxicol. 86(3), 345-391
  • [22] I. Gulcin (2020). Antioxidants and antioxidant methods-An updated overview, Arch. Toxicol. 94, 651- 715.
  • [23] C. Cağlayan, P. Taslimi, Y. Demir, S. Küçükler, M.F. Kandemir and İ. Gülçin (2019). The effects of zingerone against vancomycin-induced lung, liver, kidney and testis toxicity in rats: the behavior of some metabolic enzymes, J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 33(10), e22381.
  • [24] N. Eruygur, M. Ataş, M. Tekin, P. Taslimi, U.M. Koçyiğit and I. Gulcin (2019). In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and antidiabetic activities of Turkish endemic Achillea cucullata (Asteraceae) from ethanol extract, South Afr. J. Bot. 120, 141–145.
  • [25] E. Koksal, E. Bursal, I. Gulcin, M. Korkmaz, C. Çağlayan, A.C. Goren and S.H. Alwasel (2017). Antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of Turkish thyme (Thymus vulgaris) monitored by LCMS/MS, Int. J. Food Prop. 20(3), 514-525.
  • [26] M. Topal, H. Gocer, F. Topal, P. Kalin, P. Polat Köse, İ. Gülçin, K.C. Çakmak, M. Küçük, L. Durmaz, A.C. Gören and S.H. Alwasel, (2016). Antioxidant, antiradical and anticholinergic properties of cynarin purified from the illyrian thistle (Onopordum illyricum L.), J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 31, 266-275.
  • [27] E. Bursal, P. Taslimi, A. Gören and I. Gulcin (2020). Assessments of anticholinergic, antidiabetic, antioxidant activities and phenolic content of Stachys annua, Biocat. Agric. Biotechnol. 28, 101711.
  • [28] I. Gulcin, A.C. Gören, P. Taslimi, S.H. Alwasel, O. Kilic and E. Bursal (2020). Anticholinergic, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Anatolian pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium)-analysis of its polyphenol contents by LC-MS/MS, Biocat. Agric. Biotechnol. 23, 101441.
  • [29] K. Çetin Çakmak and I. Gulcin (2019). Anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of usnic acid-an activitystructure insight, Toxicol. Rep. 6, 1273-1280.
  • [30] I. Gulcin, P. Taslimi, A. Aygün, N. Sadeghian, E. Bastem, Ö.İ. Küfrevioğlu, F. Turkan and F. Şen (2018). Antidiabetic and antiparasitic potentials: Inhibition effects of some natural antioxidant compounds on αglycosidase, α-amylase and human glutathione S-transferase enzymes, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 119, 741- 746.
  • [31] P. Taslimi and I. Gulcin (2018). Antioxidant and anticholinergic properties of olivetol, J. Food Biochem. 42(3), e12516.
  • [32] I. Gulcin (2005). The antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum) seeds, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 56(7), 491-499.
  • [33] I. Gulcin, E. Bursal, H.M. Şehitoğlu, M. Bilsel and A.C. Gören (2010). Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of lyophilized aqueous extract of propolis from Erzurum, Turkey. Food Chem. Toxicol. 48 (8-9), 2227-2238.
  • [34] L. Polat Köse, I. Gulcin, A.C. Gören, J. Namiesnik, A.L. Martinez-Ayala and S. Gorinstein, (2015). LCMS/MS analysis, antioxidant and anticholinergic properties of galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance) rhizomes, Ind. Crops Prod. 74, 712-721.
  • [35] M. Topal (2020). Secondary metabolites of ethanol extracts of Pinus sylvestris cones from eastern Anatolia and their antioxidant, cholinesterase and alpha-glucosidase activities. Rec. Nat. Prod. 14, 129- 138.
  • [36] P. Kalın, I. Gulcin and A.C. Gören (2015). Antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon), Rec. Nat. Prod. 9, 496-502. [37] E. Bursal, A. Aras, Ö. Kılıç, P. Taslimi, A.C. Gören and I. Gulcin (2019). Phytochemical content, antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition effect of Salvia eriophora Boiss. & Kotschy against acetylcholinesterase, α-amylase, butyrylcholinesterase and α-glycosidase enzymes, J. Food Biochem. 43(3), e12776.
  • [38] T. Artunç, A. Menzek, P. Taslimi, I. Gulcin, C. Kazaz and E. Şahin (2020). Synthesis and antioxidant activities of phenol derivatives from 1,6-bis(dimethoxyphenyl)hexane-1,6-dione, Bioorg. Chem. 100, 103884.
  • [39] İ. Gülçin, R. Elias, A. Gepdiremen and L. Boyer (2006). Antioxidant activity of lignans from fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus L.), Eur. Food Res. Technol. 223, 759-767.
  • [40] İ. Gülçin, R. Elias, A. Gepdiremen, L. Boyer and E. Köksal (2007). A comparative study on the antioxidant activity of fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus L.) extracts, Afr. J. Biotechnol. 6(4), 410-418.
  • [41] R. Apak, K. Güçlü, M. Özyürek, S.E. Karademir and E. Erça (2006). The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 57, 292-304.
  • [42] T. Ak and İ. Gülçin (2008). Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of curcumin, Chem. Biol. Interact. 174, 27-37.
  • [43] I. Gulcin, A.Z. Tel, A.C. Gören, P. Taslimi and S. Alwasel (2019). Sage (Salvia pilifera): Determination its polyphenol contents, anticholinergic, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, J. Food Measure. Charac. 13(3), 2062-2074.
  • [44] S. Çakmakçı, E.F. Topdaş, P. Kalın, H. Han, P. Şekerci, L. Polat Kose and İ. Gülçin (2015). Antioxidant capacity and functionality of oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) flour and crust in a new kind of fruity ice cream, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 50(2), 472-481.
  • [45] M. Rezai, Ç. Bayrak, P. Taslimi, I. Gulcin and A. Menzek (2018). The first synthesis, antioxidant and anticholinergic activities of 1-(4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-one derivative bromophenols including natural products, Turk. J. Chem. 42(3), 808-825.
  • [46] I. Gulcin, R. Kaya, A.C. Gören, H. Akıncıoğlu, M. Topal, Z. Bingöl, K. Çetin Çakmak, S.B. Ozturk Sarikaya, L. Durmaz and S. Alwasel (2019). Anticholinergic, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark extracts: Polyphenol contents analysis by LC-MS/MS, Int. J. Food Prop. 22, 1511-1526.
  • [47] F. Turkan, M.N. Atalar, A. Aras, I. Gulcin and E. Bursal (2020). ICP-MS and HPLC analyses, enzyme inhibition and antioxidant potential of Achillea schischkinii Sosn, Bioorg. Chem. 94, 103333.
  • [48] Y. Çetinkaya, H. Göçer, A. Menzek and I. Gulcin (2012). Synthesis and antioxidant properties of (3,4- dihydroxyphenyl) (2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)methanone and its derivatives, Arch. Pharm. 345, 323-334.
  • [49] P. Taslimi, E. Koksal, A.C. Gören, E. Bursal, A. Aras, O. Kılıç, S. Alwasel and I. Gulcin (2020). AntiAlzheimer, antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Satureja cuneifolia and analysis of its phenolic contents by LC-MS/MS, Arab. J. Chem. 13(3), 4528-4537.
  • [50] M.S. Blois (1958) Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical, Nature 26, 1199-1200.
  • [51] L. Polat Köse, Z. Bingöl, R. Kaya, A.C. Gören, H. Akincioğlu, L. Durmaz, E. Koksal, S. Alwasel and I. Gulcin (2020). Anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of avocado (Folium perseae) leavesphytochemical content by LC-MS/MS analysis, Int. J. Food Prop. 23, 878-893.
  • [52] N. Öztaskin, R. Kaya, A. Maraş, E. Sahin, I. Gulcin and S. Göksu (2019). Synthesis and characterization of novel bromophenols: Determination of their anticholinergic, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, Bioorg. Chem. 87, 91-102.
  • [53] E. Bursal and I. Gulcin (2011). Polyphenol contents and in vitro antioxidant activities of lyophilized aqueous extract of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), Food Res. Int. 44(5), 1482-1489.
  • [54] I. Gulcin, B. Trofimov, R. Kaya, P. Taslimi, L. Sobenina, E. Schmidt, O. Petrova, S. Malysheva, N. Gusarova, V. Farzaliyev, A. Sujayev, S. Alwasel and C.T. Supuran (2020). Synthesis of nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium and sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds-determination of their carbonic anhydrase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibition properties, Bioorg. Chem. 103, 104171.
  • [55] H. Genç Bilgiçli, D. Ergön, P. Taslimi, B. Tüzün, İ. Akyazı Kuru, M. Zengin and I. Gulcin (2020). Novel propanolamine derivatives attached to 2-metoxifenol moiety: Synthesis, characterization, biological properties, and molecular docking studies, Bioorg. Chem. 101, 103969.
  • [56] I. Gulcin, A. Scozzafava, C.T. Supuran, H. Akıncıoğlu, Z. Koksal, F. Turkan and S. Alwasel (2016). The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) metabolic enzymes including acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, glutathione s-transferase, lactoperoxidase and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I, II, IX and XII, J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 31(6), 1095-1101.
  • [57] M. Zengin, I. Gulcin, P. Taslimi, A. Kestane, E. Güçlü, A. Ögütlü, O. Karabay and İ. Gülçin (2018). Novel thymol bearing oxypropanolamine derivatives as potent some metabolic enzyme inhibitors-their antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antibacterial potentials, Bioorg. Chem. 81, 119-126.
  • [58] P. Taslimi, H.E. Aslan, Y. Demir, N. Öztaşkın, A. Maraş, I. Gulcin, Ş. Beydemir and S. Göksu (2018). Diarilmethanon, bromophenols and diarilmetan compounds: discovery of potent aldose reductase, αamylase and α-glycosidase inhibitors as new therapeutic approach in diabetes and functional hyperglycemia, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 119, 857-863.
  • [59] N. Lolak, S. Akocak, C. Turkes, P. Taslimi, M. Işık, Ş. Beydemir, I. Gulcin and M. Durgun (2020). Synthesis, characterization, inhibition effects, and molecular docking studies as acetylcholinesterase, αglycosidase, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors of novel benzenesulfonamides incorporating 1,3,5- triazine structural motifs, Bioorg. Chem. 100, 103897.
  • [60] A. Karimov, A. Orujova, P. Taslimi, N. Sadeghian, B. Mammadov, H.S. Karaman, V. Farzaliyev, A., Sujayev, R. Taş, S. Alwasel and I. Gulcin (2020). Novel functionally substituted esters based on sodium diethyldithiocarbamate derivatives: synthesis, characterization, biological activity and molecular docking studies, Bioorg. Chem. 99, 103762.
  • [61] S. Hashmi, S. Khan, Z. Shafiq, P. Taslimi, M. Ishaq, N. Sadeghian, S.H. Karaman, N. Akhtar, M. Islam, A. Asari, H. Mohamad and İ. Gulçin (2021). Probing 4-(diethylamino)-salicylaldehyde-based thiosemicarbazones as multi-target directed ligands against cholinesterases, carbonic anhydrases and αglycosidase enzymes, Bioorg. Chem. 107, 104554.
  • [62] Z. Xiao, R. Storms and A. Tsang (2006). A quantitative starch-iodine method for measuring alphaamylase and glucoamylase activities, Anal. Biochem. 351, 146-148.
  • [63] H. Lineweaver and D. Burk (1934). The determination of enzyme dissociation constant, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56, 658-666.
  • [64] C. Caglayan, P. Taslimi, C. Türk, I. Gulcin, F.M. Kandemir, Y. Demir and S. Beydemir (2020). Inhibition effects of some pesticides and heavy metals on carbonic anhydrase enzyme activity purified from horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) gill tissues, Environ. Sci. Poll. Res. 27, 10607-10616.
  • [65] D. Ozmen Ozgun, C. Yamali, H.İ. Gül, P. Taslimi, I. Gulcin, T. Yanik and C.T. Supuran (2016). Inhibitory effects of isatin Mannich bases on carbonic anhydrases, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 31(6), 1498-1501.
  • [66] B. Özgeriş, S. Göksu, L. Köse Polat, I. Gulcin, R.E. Salmas, S. Durdagi, F. Tümer and C.T. Supuran (2016). Acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties of novel urea and sulfamide derivatives incorporating dopaminergic 2-aminotetralin scaffolds, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 24, 2318-2329.
  • [67] H.O. Hamad, M.H. Alma, I. Gulcin, M.A. Yılmaz and E. Karaoğul (2017). Evaluation of phenolic contents and bioactivity of root and nutgall extracts from Iraqian Quercus infectoria Olivier, Rec. Nat. Prod. 11, 205-210.
  • [68] H. Kızıltaş, Z. Bingöl, A.C. Gören, L. Polat Köse, L. Durmaz, F. Topal, S.H. Alwasel and İ. Gulçin (2021). LC-HRMS profiling, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and anti-oxidant activities of aerial parts of kınkor (Ferulago stelleta), Molecules 26, 2469.
  • [69] Z. Bingöl, H. Kızıltaş, A.C. Gören, L. Polat Köse, M. Topal, L. Durmaz, S.H. Alwasel and İ. Gulçin (2021). Antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of aerial parts of shaggy bindweed (Convulvulus betonicifolia Miller subsp.)-profiling of phenolic compounds by LC-HRMS, Heliyon 7, e06986.
  • [70] H. Han, H. Yılmaz and I. Gulcin (2018). Antioxidant activity of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and analysis of its polyphenol contents by LC-MS/MS, Rec. Nat. Prod. 14, 340-354.
  • [71] A.C. Goren, G. Bilsel and M. Bilsel (2007). Rapid and simultaneous determination of 25-OH-vitamin D2 and D3 in human serum by LC/MS/MS: Validation and uncertainty assessment, J. Chem. Metrol. 1, 1-9.
  • [72] Z. Özer, S. Çarıkçı, H. Yılmaz, T. Kılıç, T. Dirmenci and A.C. Gören (2020). Determination of secondary metabolites of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum and O. vulgare subsp. vulgare by LC-MS/MS, J. Chem. Metrol. 14, 25-34.
  • [73] S. Karakaya, Z. Bingöl, M. Koca, B. Demirci, İ. Gulçin and H.K.C. Başer (2020). Screening of nonalkaloid acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes inhibitors of Leiotulus dasyanthus (K. Koch) Pimenov & Ostr. (Apiaceae), J. Essen. Oil Res. 32(3), 227-241.
  • [74] A. Aras, E. Bursal, F. Turkan, H. Tohma, O. Kılıç, I. Gülçin and E. Köksal (2019). Phytochemical content, antidiabetic, anticholinergic, and antioxidant activities of endemic Lecokia cretica extracts. Chem. Biodiver. 16(10), e1900341.
  • [75] H. Tohma, A. Altay, E. Koksal, A.C. Gören and İ. Gülçin (2019). Measurement of anticancer, antidiabetic and anticholinergic properties of sumac (Rhus coriaria)-Analysis of its phenolic compounds by LCMS/MS. J. Food Measure. Charac. 13(2), 1607-1619.
  • [76] A. Labed, M. Ferhat, I. Labed-Zouad, E. Kaplaner, S. Zerizer, L. Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, A.A. Magid, Z. Semra, A. Kabouche, Z. Kabouche and M. Öztürk (2016). Compounds from the pods of Astragalus armatus with antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antibacterial and phagocytic activities, Pharm. Biol. 54(12), 3026-3032.
  • [77] H. Shang, M. Wang, R. Li, M. Duan, H. Wu and H. Zhou (2018). Extraction condition optimization and effects of drying methods on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Astragalus cicer L. Sci. Rep. 8, 3359, 1-12.
  • [78] E. Koksal, S.H. Tohma, Ö. Kılıç, Y. Alan, A. Aras, İ. Gulcin and E. Bursal (2017). Assessment of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Nepeta trachonitica-Analysis of its phenolic compounds using HPLC-MS/MS, Sci. Pharm. 15, 85(2).
  • [79] İ. Gülçin, M. Oktay, E. Köksal, H. Şerbetçi, Ş. Beydemir and Ö.I. Küfrevioglu (2008). Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of uric acid, Asian J. Chem. 20(3), 2079-2090.
  • [80] C. Keskin, H.Ç. Özen, Z. Toker, G. Kızıl and M. Kızıl (2018). Astragalus diphtherites FENZL var diphtherites ve Astragalus gymnalopecias RECH. FIL’in gövde ve kök kısımlarından farklı çözücüler ile elde edilen özütlerin invitro antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. KSU J. Agric Nat. 21(2), 157-166.
  • [81] K. Aksu, B. Özgeriş, P. Taslimi, A. Naderi, İ. Gülçin and S. Göksu (2016). Antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties of novel ureas derived from phenethylamines, Arch. Pharm. 349(12), 944-954.
  • [82] H. Tohma, E. Köksal, Ö. Kılıç, Y. Alan, M.A. I. Yılmaz, I. Gulcin, E. Bursal and S.H. Alwasel (2016). RP-HPLC/MS/MS analysis of the phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Salvia L. species, Antioxidants 5, 38.
  • [83] J.H. Bae, Y.J. Park, J. Namiesnik, İ. Gülçin, T.C. Kim, H.C. Kim, B.G. Heo, S. Gorinstein and Y.G. Ku (2016). Effects of artificial lighting on bioactivity of sweet red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 51(6), 1378-1385.
  • [84] N. Haşimi, A. Ertaş, M.A. Yılmaz, M. Boğa, H. Temel, S. Demirci, T.Y. Özden, İ. Yener and U. Kolak, (2017). LC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses of three endemic Astragalus species from Anatolia towards their total phenolic flavonoid contents and biological activities, Biodivers. Conserv. 10(1),18-30.
  • [85] A. Labed, M. Ferhat, I. Labed-Zouad, E. Kaplaner, S. Zerizer, L. Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, A.A. Magid, Z. Semra, A. Kabouche, Z. Kabouche and M. Öztürk (2016). Compounds from the pods of Astragalus armatus with antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antibacterial and phagocytic activities, Pharm. Biol. 54(12), 3026-3032.
  • [86] J. Benites, D. Rios, A. Guerrero-Castilla, C. Enriquez, E. Zavala, R.O. Ybanez-Julca, I. Quispe-Diaz, R. Jara-Aguilar and P.B. Calderon (2021). Chemical composition and assessment of antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of essential oil from Clinopodium sericeum, a peruvian medicinal plant, Rec. Nat. Prod. 15(3), 175-186.
  • [87] N. Oztaskın, Y. Çetinkaya, P. Taslimi, S. Göksu and İ. Gülçin (2015). Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of novel bromophenol derivatives, Bioorg. Chem. 60, 49-57.
  • [88] M.H. Sehitoglu, H. Han, P. Kalin, İ. Gülçin, A. Ozkan and H.Y. Aboul-Enein (2015). Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) gum: A potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen species, J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 30, 264-269.
  • [89] İ. Gülçin, M. Elmastaş and H.Y. Aboul-Enein (2012). Antioxidant activity of clove oil-A powerful antioxidant source, Arab. J. Chem. 5(4), 489-499.
  • [90] S. Langari and E.A. Salehi (2015). Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of different extracts of Astragalus glaucacanthus, J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci. 4(11S), 14-17.
  • [91] Y. Çetinkaya, H. Göçer, A. Menzek and İ. Gülçin (2012). Synthesis and antioxidant properties of (3,4- dihydroxyphenyl)(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)methanone and its derivatives, Arch. Pharm. 345, 323-334.
  • [92] İ. Gülçin, F. Topal, R. Çakmakçı, A.C. Gören, M. Bilsel and U. Erdoğan (2011). Pomological features, nutritional quality, polyphenol content analysis and antioxidant properties of domesticated and three wild ecotype forms of raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.), J. Food Sci. 76(4), C585-C593.
  • [93] İ. Gülçin (2011). Antioxidant activity of eugenol-a structure and activity relationship study, J. Med. Food, 14(9), 975-985.
  • [94] B. Butkut, A. Dagilyt, R. Benetis, A. Padarauskas, J. CeseviIien, V. Olšauskait and N. Lemedien (2018). Mineral and phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of herbal material from two temperate astragalus species, BioMed Res. Int. 2018, 1-11
  • [95] J. Asgarpanah, S.M. Motamed, A. Farzaneh, B. Ghanizadeh and S. Tomraee, (2011). Antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content of Astragalus squarrosus Bunge, Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10(82), 19176-19180.
  • [96] A. Baghiani, N. Boussoualim, H. Trabsa, S. Aouachria and L. Arrar (2013). In vivo free radical scavenging, antihemolytic activity and antibacterial effects of Anchusa Azurea extracts, Int. J. Med. Med. Sci. 46(1), 1113-1118.
  • [97] H. Şerbetçi Tohma and İ. Gülçin (2010). Antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of aerial parts and roots of Turkish liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), Int. J. Food Prop. 13(4), 657-671.
  • [98] İ. Gülçin, E. Kirecci, E. Akkemik, F. Topal and O. Hisar (2010). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of an aquatic plant: Duckweed (Lemna minor L.), Turk. J. Biol. 34(2), 175-188.
  • [99] İ. Gülçin, A.Z. Tel and E. Kirecci (2008). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiradical activities of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden and Scheng, Int. J. Food Prop. 11(2), 450-471.
  • [100] F.M. Abdel Bar (2021) Genus Melaleuca - A review on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the non-volatile components, Rec. Nat. Prod. 15(4), 219-242.
  • [101] İ. Gülçin, R. Elias, A. Gepdiremen, L. Boyer and E. Köksal (2007). A comparative study on the antioxidant activity of fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus L.) extracts, Afr. J. Biotechnol. 6(4), 410-418.
  • [102] İ. Gülçin, M. Elmastas and H.Y. Aboul-Enein (2007). Determination of antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum) assayed by different methodologies. Phytother. Res. 21, 354-361.
  • [103] A. Musa, K.F. El-Masrry, A.H. El-Ghorab, A. Farouk, H.M. Ali, M.A. Abdelgawad, I.A. Naguib and E.M. Mostafa (2021). Volatile constituents of Cistanche tubulosa and their antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials, Rec. Nat. Prod. 15(4), 301-311.
  • [104] M. Imran, A. Rauf, T.A. Izneid, M. Nadeem, M.A. Shariati, I.A. Khan, A. Imran, I.E. Orhan, M. Rizwan, M. Atif, T.A. Gondal and M.S. Mubarak (2019). Luteolin, a flavonoid, as an anticancer agent: a review, Biomed. Pharmacother. 112, 108612.
  • [105] Y.M. Jun, E.H. Kim, J.J. Lim, S.H. Kim, J.D. Lim, D.S. Cheoi, Y.S. Cheoi, C.Y. Yu and M. Chung, 2012. Variation of phenolic compounds contents in cultivated Astragalus membranaceus, Korean J. Med. Crop Sci. 20, 447-453.
  • [106] A.B. Yildirim, E. Uyar and A.U. Turker (2020). In vitro culture of endemic Astragalus gymnolobus Fischer and comparison of its antibacterial, antioxidant, and phenolic profiles with field grown plants, J. Agr. Sci. Tech. 22, 815-828.
  • [107] Y. Tao, Y.F. Zhang, Y.Y. Cheng and Y. Wang (2013). Rapid screening and identification of alphaglucosidase inhibitors from mulberry leaves using enzyme-immobilized magnetic beads coupled with HPLC/MS and NMR, Biomed. Chromatogr. 27, 148-155.
  • [108] P. Taslimi, H. Akıncıoğlu and I. Gulcin (2017). Synephrine and phenylephrine act as α-amylase, αglycosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase enzymes inhibitor, J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 31(11), e21973.
  • [109] A. Maharramov, M. Kurbanova, P. Taslimi, Y. Demir, A. Safarova, E. Huseyinov, A. Sujayev, S. Alwasel and İ. Gulçin (2021). Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and bioactivities of novel enamine and pyrrole derivatives endowed with acetylcholinesterase, α-glycosidase and human carbonic anhydrase inhibition effects, Org. Commun. 14(2), 144-156.
  • [110] M. Akdeniz, I. Yener, A. Ertas, M. Firat, B. Resitoglu, N. Hasimi, S.I. Kandemir, M.A. Yilmaz, A.B. Demirkoz, U. Kolak and S. Oksuz (2021). Biological and chemical comparison of natural and cultivated samples of Satureja macrantha C.A. Mey., Rec. Nat. Prod. 15(6), 568-584.
  • [111] M.T. Riaz, M. Yaqup, Z. Shafiq, Z. Ashraf, M. Khalid, P. Taslimi, R. Taş, B. Tuzun and İ. Gulçin (2021). Synthesis, biological activity and docking calculations of bis-naphthoquinone derivatives from lawsone, Bioorg. Chem. 114, 105069.
  • [112] U. Atmaca, C. Alp, H. Akıncıoğlu, H.S. Karaman, İ. Gulçin and M. Çelik (2021). Novel hypervalent iodine catalyzed synthesis of α-sulfonoxy ketones: Biological activity and molecular docking studies, J. Mol. Struct. 1239, 130492.
  • [113] A. Günsel, P. Taslimi, G. Yaşa Atmaca, A.T. Bilgiçli, H. Pişkin, Y. Ceylan, A. Erdoğmuş, M.N. Yaraşır and İ. Gulçin (2021). Novel potential metabolic enzymes inhibitor, photosensitizer and antibacterial agents based on water-soluble phthalocyanine bearing imidazole derivative, J. Mol. Struct. 1237, 130402.
  • [114] K. Pedrood, M. Sherefati, P. Taslimi, M. Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, M.S. Asgari, S. Hosseini, H. Rastegar, B. Larijani, M. Mahdavi, P. Taslimi, Y. Erden, S. Günay and I. Gulçin (2021). Design, synthesis, characterization, enzymatic inhibition evaluations, and docking study of novel quinazolinone derivatives, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 170, 1-12.
  • [115] S. Dasgin, Y. Gok, D. Barut Celepci, P. Taslimi, M. İzmirli, A. Aktaş and I. Gulçin (2021). Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and bioactivity properties of the benzimidazole-functionalized PEPPSI type of Pd(II)NHC complexes, J. Mol. Struct. 1228, 129442.
  • [116] S. Bal, Ö. Demirci, A. Aktaş, B. Şen, P. Taslimi, A. Aktaş, Y. Gök, M. Aygün and İ. Gulçin (2021). PEPPSI type Pd(II)NHC complexes bearing chloro-/fluorobenzyl group: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures, α-glycosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties, Polyhedron 198, 115060.
APA kızıltaş h, bingöl z, Goren A, Pınar S, Alwasel S, Gulcin i (2021). LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer . , 135 - 151. 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
Chicago kızıltaş hatice,bingöl zeynebe,Goren Ahmet C,Pınar Süleyman Mesut,Alwasel Saleh,Gulcin ilhami LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer . (2021): 135 - 151. 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
MLA kızıltaş hatice,bingöl zeynebe,Goren Ahmet C,Pınar Süleyman Mesut,Alwasel Saleh,Gulcin ilhami LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer . , 2021, ss.135 - 151. 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
AMA kızıltaş h,bingöl z,Goren A,Pınar S,Alwasel S,Gulcin i LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer . . 2021; 135 - 151. 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
Vancouver kızıltaş h,bingöl z,Goren A,Pınar S,Alwasel S,Gulcin i LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer . . 2021; 135 - 151. 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
IEEE kızıltaş h,bingöl z,Goren A,Pınar S,Alwasel S,Gulcin i "LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer ." , ss.135 - 151, 2021. 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
ISNAD kızıltaş, hatice vd. "LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer ". (2021), 135-151. https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
APA kızıltaş h, bingöl z, Goren A, Pınar S, Alwasel S, Gulcin i (2021). LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer . Journal of Chemical Metrology, 15(2), 135 - 151. 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
Chicago kızıltaş hatice,bingöl zeynebe,Goren Ahmet C,Pınar Süleyman Mesut,Alwasel Saleh,Gulcin ilhami LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer . Journal of Chemical Metrology 15, no.2 (2021): 135 - 151. 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
MLA kızıltaş hatice,bingöl zeynebe,Goren Ahmet C,Pınar Süleyman Mesut,Alwasel Saleh,Gulcin ilhami LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer . Journal of Chemical Metrology, vol.15, no.2, 2021, ss.135 - 151. 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
AMA kızıltaş h,bingöl z,Goren A,Pınar S,Alwasel S,Gulcin i LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer . Journal of Chemical Metrology. 2021; 15(2): 135 - 151. 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
Vancouver kızıltaş h,bingöl z,Goren A,Pınar S,Alwasel S,Gulcin i LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer . Journal of Chemical Metrology. 2021; 15(2): 135 - 151. 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
IEEE kızıltaş h,bingöl z,Goren A,Pınar S,Alwasel S,Gulcin i "LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer ." Journal of Chemical Metrology, 15, ss.135 - 151, 2021. 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
ISNAD kızıltaş, hatice vd. "LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer ". Journal of Chemical Metrology 15/2 (2021), 135-151. https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155