Relationships between family functioning, parenting
and peer victimization in adolescent depression:
A cross-sectional study

TUFA, Ali Evren; mutlu, caner; PEKCANLAR AKAY, AYNUR; OZTURK, Yusuf; TUFAN, ALİ EVREN; Özyurt, Gonca

doi:10.14744/nci.2020.36744

Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study

Yusuf Ozturk, (Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey)

Gonca ÖZYURT, (Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nevsehir State Hospital, Nevsehir, Turkey)

Caner MUTLU, (Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey)

Ali Evren TUFAN, (Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Mental Health and Disorders Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey)

Ali Evren Tufa, (Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Acibadem University Mehmet Ali Aydinlar Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey)

AYNUR AKAY (Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey)

İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri

5 0

Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 212 - 221 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.14744/nci.2020.36744 İndeks Tarihi: 27-05-2022

Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study

Öz:

OBJECTIVE: Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence is a prevalent mental health problem with a complex etiology and a rising incidence. The aim of the study investigated functioning of family, attitudes of parents, and peer victimization in adolescents with MDD and to compare those with healthy adolescents. METHODS: The study was designed as a multi-center, cross-sectional, case–control study. 98 adolescents diagnosed with MDD and 99 healthy controls were recruited for the study. Beck depression inventory, parental attitude research instrument (PARI) tool, family assessment device (FAD), and multidimensional peer victimization scale (MPVS) were applied to all participants. Descriptive, correlational, and bivariate group comparisons were used in analyses. RESULTS: The average ages of adolescents with MDD and control adolescents were 14.7 (S.D.=1.5) and 15.0 (S.D.=1.6) years, respectively. Females formed 74.5% of youth with MDD (vs. 70.3% of controls). The groups were similar in terms of socio- demographic features (all p>0.05). Adolescents with MDD had significantly elevated scores in FAD subscales except problem solving, PARI rejection of homemaking, marital conflict, and authoritarian subscales, and all MPVS subscales. Adolescents with MDD also displayed significant positive correlations between all MPVS subscales and FAD subscales except FAD problem-solving. CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional, multi-center study suggests that family dysfunction and peer victimization may be higher in youth with MDD. Although cross-sectional design precludes evaluation of causality, it may be prudent to evaluate family functions as well as peer victimization of depressed youth.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

1. Swartz HA, Rollman BL. Managing the global burden of depression: lessons from the developing world. World Psychiatry 2003;2:162–3.
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Text Revision. American Psychiatric Association Pres: Washington; 2013.
3. Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A. Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:837–44.
4. Gadow KD, Sprafkin J, Nolan EE. DSM-IVSymptoms in community and clinic preschool children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40:1383–92.
5. Birmaher B, Brent D; AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues, Bernet W, Bukstein O, Walter H, et al. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46:1503–26.
6. Menesini E, Nocentini A, Camodeca M. Morality, values, traditional bullying, and cyberbullying in adolescence. Br J Dev Psychol 2013;31:1– 14.
7. Magklara K, Skapinakis P, Gkatsa T, Bellos S, Araya R, Stylianidis S, et al. Bullying behaviour in schools, socioeconomic position and psychiatric morbidity: a cross-sectional study in late adolescents in Greece. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2012;6:8.
8. Olweus D. Understanding and researching bullying: Some critical issues. In: Jimmerson SM, Swearer S. Espelage D, editors. Handbook of bullying in schools: An international perspective. New York, NY: Routledge; 2010. p. 9–34.
9. Hawker DS, Boulton MJ. Twenty years’ research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: a meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2000;41:441–55.
10. Sabuncuoglu O, Ekinci O, Bahadir T, Akyuva Y, Altınöz E, Berkem M. Bullying and its relationship to symptoms of depression in adolescent students. J Clin Psy 2006;9:27–35.
11. Knafl K, Leeman J, Havill N, Crandell J, Sandelowski M. Delimiting family in syntheses of research on childhood chronic conditions and family life. Fam Process 2015;54:173–84.
12. Hughes EK, Gullone E. Internalizing symptoms and disorders in families of adolescents: a review of family systems literature. Clin Psychol Rev 2008;28:92–117.
13. Sander JB, McCarty CA. Youth depression in the family context: familial risk factors and models of treatment. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2005;8:203–19.
14. Guerra NG, Williams KR, Sadek S. Understanding bullying and victimization during childhood and adolescence: a mixed methods study. Child Dev 2011;82:295–310.
15. Bi X, Yang Y, Li H, Wang M, Zhang W, Deater-Deckard K. Parenting Styles and Parent-Adolescent Relationships: The Mediating Roles of Behavioral Autonomy and Parental Authority. Front Psychol 2018;9:2187.
16. Hamon JD, Schrodt P. Do parenting styles moderate the association between family conformity orientation and young adults’ mental well-being? J Fam Comm 2012;12:151–66.
17. Heaven P, Ciarrochi J. Parental styles, gender and the development of hope and self-esteem. Eur J Pers 2008;22:707–24.
18. Bilsky SA, Cole DA, Dukewich TL, Martin NC, Sinclair KR, Tran CV, et al. Does supportive parenting mitigate the longitudinal effects of peer victimization on depressive thoughts and symptoms in children? J Abnorm Psychol 2013;122:406–19.
19. Papafratzeskakou E, Kim J, Longo GS, Riser DK. Peer victimization and depressive symptoms: Role of peers and parent–child relationship. J Aggress Maltreat Trauma 2011;20:784–99.
20. Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P, et al. Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children- present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:980–8.
21. Gökler B, Ünal F, Pehlivantürk B, Kultur E, Akdemir D, Taner Y. Reliability and validity of schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school age children present and lifetime version-Turkish version (K-SADS-PL-T). Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2004;11:109– 16.
22. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561–71.
23. Hisli N. Use of the Beck Depression Inventory with Turkish University students: reliability, validity and factor analysis. Turk Psikol Derg 1989;6:118–26.
24. Mynard H, Joseph S. Development of the multidimensional peer victimization scale. Aggress Behav 2000;26:169–78.
25. Gültekin Z, Sayıl M. A Study of the reliability and validity of the peer victimization scale. Turkish Psychological Articles 2005;8:47–61.
26. Epstein NB, Baldwin LM, Bishop DS. The McMaster Family Assessment Device. J Marital Fam Ther 1983;9:171–80.
27. Bulut I. Handbook of Family Assessment Device (FAD). Ankara: Özgüzeliş Press; 1990.
28. Schafer ES, Bell RQ. Development of a parental attitude research instrument. Child Dev. 1958;29:339–61.
29. Küçük Ş. The validity of the Turkish form of the PARI subscales II, III, IV [thesis]. İstanbul Boğaziçi University, Faculty of Medicine; 1987.
30. Kaltiala-Heino R, Rimpelä M, Marttunen M, Rimpelä A, Rantanen P. Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: school survey. BMJ 1999;319:348–51.
31. Meltzer H, Vostanis P, Ford T, Bebbington P, Dennis MS. Victims of bullying in childhood and suicide attempts in adulthood. Eur Psychia try 2011;26:498–503. 32. Bowes L, Joinson C, Wolke D, Lewis G. Peer victimisation during adolescence and its impact on depression in early adulthood: prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom. Br J Sports Med 2016;50:176– 83.
33. Williams SG, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J, Wornell C, Finnegan H. Adolescents transitioning to high school: sex differences in bullying victimization associated with depressive symptoms, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts. J Sch Nurs 2017;33:467–79.
34. Friedmann MS, McDermut WH, Solomon DA, Ryan CE, Keitner GI, Miller IW. Family functioning and mental illness: a comparison of psychiatric and nonclinical families. Fam Process 1997;36:357–67.
35. Keitner GI, Ryan CE, Miller IW, Kohn R, Bishop DS, Epstein NB. Role of the family in recovery and major depression. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1002–8.
36. Daches S, Vine V, Layendecker KM, George CJ, Kovacs M. Family functioning as perceived by parents and young offspring at high and low risk for depression. J Affect Disord 2018;226:355–60.
37. Özbaran B, Tamar M, Yüncü Z, Bildik T, Demiral N, Erermiş S. Evaluation of parental attitudes in a clinical sample of adolescents with major depressive disorder. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2009;10:109–5.
38. Burt CE, Cohen LH, Bjorck JP. Perceived family environment as a moderator of young adolescents’ life stress adjustment. Am J Community Psychol 1988;16:101–22.
39. Tompson MC, Langer DA, Hughes JL, Asarnow JR. Family-focused treatment for childhood depression: model and case illustrations. Cogn Behav Pract 2017;24:269–87.
40. Tompson MC, Pierre CB, Haber FM, Fogler JM, Groff AR, Asarnow JR. Family-focused treatment for childhood-onset depressive disorders: results of an open trial. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007;12:403–20.
41. Behere AP, Basnet P, Campbell P. Effects of family structure on mental health of children: a preliminary study. Indian J Psychol Med 2017;39:457–63.
42. Georgiou, SN, Stavrinides P. Parenting at home and bullying at school. Soc Psychol Educ 2013;16:165–79.
43. Luk JW, Patock-Peckham JA, Medina M, Terrell N, Belton D, King KM. Bullying perpetration and victimization as externalizing and internalizing pathways: a retrospective study linking parenting styles and self-esteem to depression, alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems. Subst Use Misuse 2016;51:113–25.

APA	OZTURK Y, Özyurt G, mutlu c, TUFAN A, TUFA A, PEKCANLAR AKAY A (2021). Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study. , 212 - 221. 10.14744/nci.2020.36744
Chicago	OZTURK Yusuf,Özyurt Gonca,mutlu caner,TUFAN ALİ EVREN,TUFA Ali Evren,PEKCANLAR AKAY AYNUR Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study. (2021): 212 - 221. 10.14744/nci.2020.36744
MLA	OZTURK Yusuf,Özyurt Gonca,mutlu caner,TUFAN ALİ EVREN,TUFA Ali Evren,PEKCANLAR AKAY AYNUR Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study. , 2021, ss.212 - 221. 10.14744/nci.2020.36744
AMA	OZTURK Y,Özyurt G,mutlu c,TUFAN A,TUFA A,PEKCANLAR AKAY A Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study. . 2021; 212 - 221. 10.14744/nci.2020.36744
Vancouver	OZTURK Y,Özyurt G,mutlu c,TUFAN A,TUFA A,PEKCANLAR AKAY A Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study. . 2021; 212 - 221. 10.14744/nci.2020.36744
IEEE	OZTURK Y,Özyurt G,mutlu c,TUFAN A,TUFA A,PEKCANLAR AKAY A "Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study." , ss.212 - 221, 2021. 10.14744/nci.2020.36744
ISNAD	OZTURK, Yusuf vd. "Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study". (2021), 212-221. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2020.36744

APA	OZTURK Y, Özyurt G, mutlu c, TUFAN A, TUFA A, PEKCANLAR AKAY A (2021). Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study. İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri, 8(3), 212 - 221. 10.14744/nci.2020.36744
Chicago	OZTURK Yusuf,Özyurt Gonca,mutlu caner,TUFAN ALİ EVREN,TUFA Ali Evren,PEKCANLAR AKAY AYNUR Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study. İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri 8, no.3 (2021): 212 - 221. 10.14744/nci.2020.36744
MLA	OZTURK Yusuf,Özyurt Gonca,mutlu caner,TUFAN ALİ EVREN,TUFA Ali Evren,PEKCANLAR AKAY AYNUR Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study. İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri, vol.8, no.3, 2021, ss.212 - 221. 10.14744/nci.2020.36744
AMA	OZTURK Y,Özyurt G,mutlu c,TUFAN A,TUFA A,PEKCANLAR AKAY A Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study. İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri. 2021; 8(3): 212 - 221. 10.14744/nci.2020.36744
Vancouver	OZTURK Y,Özyurt G,mutlu c,TUFAN A,TUFA A,PEKCANLAR AKAY A Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study. İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri. 2021; 8(3): 212 - 221. 10.14744/nci.2020.36744
IEEE	OZTURK Y,Özyurt G,mutlu c,TUFAN A,TUFA A,PEKCANLAR AKAY A "Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study." İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri, 8, ss.212 - 221, 2021. 10.14744/nci.2020.36744
ISNAD	OZTURK, Yusuf vd. "Relationships between family functioning, parenting and peer victimization in adolescent depression: A cross-sectional study". İstanbul Kuzey Klinikleri 8/3 (2021), 212-221. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2020.36744