Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 103 - 120 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022
Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis
Öz: In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the post sent by businesswomen who are managers in different sectors by using social media in terms of impression management. In accordance with the study aim, the official Twitter accounts of 50 businesswomen in the list of the most powerful 50 businesswomen of business life in 2020 prepared by Fortune Magazine including the dates of March 11, 2020-January 28, 2021 through the content analysis method. In the study, it was presented the date the businesswomen joined Twitter application, the number of their followers and the accounts they follow, and their number of posts. The posts sent by the businesswomen were grouped according to contents, and the groups were designated according to impression management tactics. The posts in the accounts were interpreted in terms of aggressive and defensive impression management tactics, and it was found in the study that the businesswomen have generally been using the impression management tactics of Self-promotion (SP), Ingratiation (IN), and Exemplification (EX) among the aggressive and defensive impression management tactics. It can be said that the studies in this scope have importance in terms of increasing and supporting the participation of women to business world by presenting the influence of women in business world. Besides, because of that the Covid-19 period is a period during which the institutions face crisis economically, analyzing the attitude of businesswomen at this point has importance also in terms of management.
Anahtar Kelime: Türkiye'de Güçlü İş Kadınlarının Sergilediği İzlenim Yönetimi Taktiklerinin İçerik Analizi ile İncelenmesi
Öz: Bu çalışmada, farklı sektörlerde yönetici olan iş kadınlarının sosyal medyayı kullanarak yapmış oldukları
paylaşımların, izlenim yönetimi açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı
doğrultusunda Fortune Türkiye’nin hazırladığı iş dünyasının en güçlü 50 iş kadını 2020 sıralamasındaki 50
işkadınının resmi Twitter hesapları 11 Mart 2020-28 Ocak 2021 tarihlerini kapsayacak biçimde içerik analizi
yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Çalışmada iş kadınlarının Twitter uygulamasına katıldıkları tarih, takipçi ve takip
ettikleri hesap sayıları ile ileti sayıları ortaya konulmuştur. İş kadınlarının yapmış oldukları paylaşımlar
içeriklerine göre gruplandırılmış ve gruplar izlenim yönetimi taktiklerine göre atanmıştır. Hesaplarda yapılan
paylaşımlar saldırgan ve savunmacı izlenim yönetimi taktikleri açısından yorumlanmış olup çalışmada iş
kadınlarının genel olarak saldırgan izlenim yönetimi taktiklerinden niteliklerini tanıtma (NT), kendini sevdirme
(KS) ve örnek davranışlarda bulunma (ÖDB) izlenim yönetimi taktiklerini kullandıkları görülmüştür.
Kadınların iş dünyasındaki etkisinin gösterilerek, kadınların iş dünyasına katılımlarının arttırılması ve
desteklenmesi açısından bu kapsamdaki çalışmaların önem arz ettiği söylenilebilir. Ayrıca Covid-19 döneminin
ekonomik açıdan kurumların kriz yaşadığı bir dönem olması dolayısıyla iş kadınlarının tavrının da bu noktada
incelenmesi yönetim açısından da önem arz etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Açık, Y. [yaseminacik]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/yaseminacik?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor
- Alaton, L. [AlatonLeyla]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/AlatonLeyla
- Aldan, B. [bilgenaldan]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/bilgenaldan
- Alışan, D. [alisan_damla]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/alisan_damla
- Bastekin, S. [SBastekin]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/SBastekin
- Basaran-Symes, C. [cansenbasaran]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/cansenbasaran#:~:text=Cansen%20Basaran%2DSymes%20(%40cansenbasaran)%20%7C%20Twitter
- Bilgiç, A. and Akyüz, S. S. (2020). Türkiye’de Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde sağlık bakanı Fahrettin Koca’nın sosyal medya kullanımı: Twitter paylaşımları içerik analizi [Using social media of health minister Fahrettin Koca during COVID-19 period in Turkey: Content analysis of Twitter shares]. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19 (COVID-19 Special Issue), 230-243. doi: 10.21547/jss.774040
- Birol, D. [Damlabirol]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/Damlabirol
- Bodur Okyay, Z. [zbodurokyay]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/zbodurokyay?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor
- Bolino, M., Long, D. and Turnley, W. (2016). Impression management in organizations: critical questions, answers, and areas for future research. Annual Review Of Organizational Psychology And Organizational Behavior, 3, 377-406. doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062337
- Bolino, M. C., Kacmar, K. M., Turnley, W. H. and Gilstrap, J. B. (2008). A multi-level review of impression management motives and behaviors. Journal of Management, 34(6), 1080-1109. doi: 10.1177/0149206308324325
- Bolino, M. C. and Turnley, W. H. (1999). Measuring impression management in organizations: A scale development based on the Jones And Pittman taxonomy. Organizational Research Methods, 2(2), 187-206. doi: 10.1177/109442819922005
- Boyner, Ü. N. [umitnazliboyner]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/umitnazliboyner
- Bozeman, D. P. and Kacmar, K. M. (1997). A cybernetic model of impression management processes in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69(1), 9-30. doi: 10.1006/obhd.1996.2669
- Bozkurt Yıldırım, H. and Ergun Özler, D. (2020) Türk kültürü bağlamında keşfedilen izlenim yönetimi taktiklerinin kavramsal analizi [Conceptual analysis of impression management tactics discovered in the context of Turkish culture]. Uluslararası Yönetim ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(13), 63-77. Retrieved from: http://uysad.com/FileUpload/as907385/File/67-hilal_bozkurt_yildirim-turk_kulturu_baglaminda_kesfedilen_izlenim_yonetimi_.pdf
- Collewaert, V., Vanacker, T., Anseel, F. and Bourgois, D. (2021). The sandwich game: Founder-Ceos and forecasting as impression management. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(1), Article Number: 106075, 1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.106075
- Crane, E. and Crane, F. G. (2002). Usage and effectiveness of impression management strategies in organizational settings. International Journal Of Action Method, 55, 25–34. Retrieved from: https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954689705&origin=inward&txGid=0be20a71b47bb0434e174c591e2aa004
- Çelik, H. and Ekşi, H. (2008). Söylem analizi [Discourse Analysis]. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 27, 99-117. Retrieved from: 10.3200/jgpp.55.1
- Çetin, F. and Basım, H. (2010). İzlenim yönetimi taktiklerinde öz yeterlilik algısının rolü [The role of self efficacy on impression management tactics]. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 35, 255-269. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/66567
- Dağdeviren, C. [dagdevirencanan]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/dagdevirencanan
- Demiral, Ö. (2013). İzlenim yönetimi taktiklerinin örgütsel sonuçlara etkisi üzerine bir araştırma [The effect of impression management tactics on organizational results: An evaluative study]. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana). Retrieved from: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=oYR7Brh-E_bz38quaZhV-g&no=YLM54ahEOnok3b1384kCPg
- Doğan, S. and Kılıç, S. (2009). Örgütlerde izlenim yönetimi davranışı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme [“Impression management behavior” in organizations a conceptual examination on]. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 23(3), 53-83. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/atauniiibd/issue/2672/34999
- Dorman, E. [Ebru_Dorman]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/Ebru_Dorman
- Dorman, E. (2021, 25 January). Türkiye’nin en güçlü kadınları. Fortune en güçlü 50 iş kadını 2020. Retrieved from: http://www.ebrudorman.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Fortune-En-Güçlü-50-İş-Kadını-2020.pdf
- Dunne, N. J., Brennan, N. M. and Kirwan, C. E. (2020). Impression management and big four auditors: Scrutiny at a public inquiry. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 101170, 1-20. doi: 10.1016/j.aos.2020.101170
- Duru, D. [ZDidem_Duru]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/zdidem_duru
- Elliott, R. (1996). Discourse analysis: Exploring action, function and conflict in social texts. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 14(6), 65-68. doi: 10.1108/02634509610131171
- Erdem, A. R. (2015). Atatürk’ün kadına ve kadın eğitimine verdiği önem [Atatürk’s point of view concerning women and women’s education]. Belgi Dergisi, 9(1), 1266-1277. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/belgi/issue/35050/388794
- Fortune Turkey. (2021, 25 January). Hakkımızda. Retrieved from: https://www.fortuneturkey.com/hakkimizda
- Gardner, W. L. and Martinko, M. J. (1988). Impression management in organizations. Journal of Management, 14(2), 321-338. doi: 10.1177/014920638801400210
- Gedik, H. [hgedikofficial]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/hgedikofficial
- Giacalone, R. A. and Rosenfeld, P. (1989). Impression management in organizations: An overview.. R. A. Giacalone ve P. Rosenfeld (Ed.), Impression Management in the Organization (p. 1-5) içinde, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. doi: 10.4324/9780203763018
- Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life, Doubleday & Co., Garden City, New York. [Adobe Acrobat Reader version]. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=TlIAzT5uT-IC&oi=fnd&pg=PA120&dq=Goffman,+E.+(1959).+The+presentation+of+self+in+everyday+life,&ots=IuGadpItkc&sig=H_ymnRBcSBZBndV9lGGC3YGmeYw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Goffman%2C%20E.%20(1959).%20The%20presentation%20of%20self%20in%20everyday%20life%2C&f=false
- Göçoğlu, İ. D. (2020). Türkiye’de yerel yönetimlerde sosyal medya kullanımı ve yerel katılım: Büyükşehir belediyelerinin Twitter hesapları üzerinden bir analiz [Social media use of local governments and local participation in Turkey: An analysis on the Twitter accounts of metropolitan municipalities]. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara). Retrieved from:http://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11655/22409/Go%cc%88c %cc%a7og%cc%86lu%2c%20I%cc%87pek%20Didem%3b-yeni.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
- Gök, N. [nese_gok]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/nese_gok
- Gül, H., Yalçınoğlu, N. and Atlı, Z. C. (2014). Türkiye’de çalışma yaşamında kadının konumu ve sorunları [The status and problems of women in working life in Turkey]. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni, 13(2), 169-176. doi: 10.5455/pmb 1-1364365029
- Güral Argat, E. [esinguralargat]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/esinguralargat
- Gürbüz, S. (2018). Kurumsal imaj oluşturmada kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk faaliyetleri: İzlenim yönetimi taktiklerinin Youtube videolarında kullanımı [Corporate social responsibility activities on the corporate image formation: Use of impression management tactics on Youtube videos]. Konya Sanat, 1, 28-41. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ks/issue/41836/482801
- Gwal, R. (2015). Tactics of impression management: Relative success on workplace relationship. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2(2), 37-44. Retrieved from: https://ijip.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/B00362V2I22015.pdf
- Harris, K. J., Gallagher, V. C. and Rossi, A. M. (2013). Impression management (IM) behaviors, IM Culture, and Job Outcomes. Journal of Managerial Issues, 25(2), Spring, 154-171. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43488165
- Hasdemir, I. [isilhasdemir]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/isilhasdemir
- Leary, M. R. and Allen, A. B. (2011). Self-presentational persona: Simultaneous management of multiple impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(5), 1033-1049. doi: 10.1037/a0023884
- Lee, G., Cho, S. Y., Arthurs, J. and Lee, E. K. (2020). Celebrity ceo, identity threat, and impression management: Impact of celebrity status on corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Research, 111, 69-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.015
- Keskin, S. and M. F. Sönmez. (2015). Liderler ve takipçileri: Siyasi parti liderlerinin Twitter performansları ve takip ilişkisi [Leaders and their followers: Twitter performance of political party leaders and follow-up relationship]. Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi, 9(1), 339-362. doi: 10.18094/si.38165
- KEV (Köksal Eğitim Vakfı). (2021, 25 January) Fortune en güçlü 50 kadını. Retrieved from: https://www.kev.org.tr/assets/imgs/2020basin/FortuneNisan2020.pdf
- Mohamed, A. A., Gardner, W. L. and Paolillo, J. G. P. (1999). A taxonomy of organizational impression management tactics. Advances in Competitiveness Research, 7(1), 108-130. Retrieved from: https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A78630790/AONE?u=anon~a62b4b2a&sid=googleScholar&xid=86fa57ee
- Mutlu, D. M. [demetsmutlu].(2021, 28, January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/demetsmutlu
- Özel, F. [feryal_ozel]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/feryal_ozel
- Özsoy, C. [cananmozsoy]. (2021, 28, January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/cananmozsoy
- Provis, C. (2010). The ethics of impression management. Business Ethics: A European Review, 19(2), 199-212. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8608.2010.01584.x
- Rigotti, T., Korek, S. and Otto, K. (2018). Career-related self-efficacy, its antecedents and relationship to subjective career success in a cross-lagged panel study. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(20), 2645-2672. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2018.1460858
- Rosenfeld, P., Giacalone, R. A. and Riordan, C. A. (2002). Impression management: Building and enhancing reputations at work. London: Thomson Business Press. [Adobe Acrobat Reader version]. Retrieved from: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tr&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Rosenfeld%2C+P.%2C+Giacalone%2C+R.+A.+ve+Riordan%2C+C.+A.+%282002%29.+Impression+management%3A+building+and+enhancing+reputations+at+work.+&btnG=
- Serter, A. [aserter]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/aserter
- Schütz, A. (1998). Assertive, offensive, protective, and defensive styles of self-presentation: A taxonomy. The Journal of Psychology, 132(6), 611-628. doi: 10.1080/00223989809599293
- Seyedoshohadaei, S. A. and Hejrat, S. (2018). Relationship of personality characteristics with impression management components in employees of Iranian governmental organizations. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 9(3), 172-176. Retrieved from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/266975453.pdf
- Şimşek Evren, E. and Akoğlan Kozak, M. (2017). Otel işletmelerinin potansiyel çalışanlara yönelik izlenim yönetimi taktikleri: Web sitelerinin analizi [Impression management tactics of hotels towards potential employees: Analysis of web sites]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(3), 441-469. doi: 10.16953/deusosbil.280525
- Tepe, S. [SultanTepe4]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/SultanTepe4
- Terrell, K. H. and Kwok, L. (2011). Organizational impression management behaviors in social media: A perspective of a social networking site. In 16th Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism. Retrieved from: http://works. bepress. com/linchi_kwok/1
- Uluca Özcan, E. [EdaUluca1]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/EdaUluca1
- Usta Kara, I. (2019). Yöneticilerin sosyal ağlar aracılığıyla izlenim yönetimi davranışları [Impression management behaviors of managers through social networks]. A. M. Alparslan ve diğerleri (Ed.), 7.Örgütsel Davranış Kongresi (s. 799-809) içinde. Burdur: Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi. Retrieved from: https://odk.mehmetakif.edu.tr/files/ODKBildiriKitabi.pdf
- Wang, M. Z. and Hall, J. A. (2020). Lab to life: Impression management effectiveness and behaviors. Social Influence, 15(1), 46-63. doi: 10.1080/15534510.2020.1785545
- Wang, W., Li, J., Sun, G., Zhang, X. A. and Cheng, Z. (2016). The costs to life satisfaction of impression management: The sense of control and loneliness as mediators. Munich Personal RePEc Archive Paper, 72912, August, 1-21. Retrieved from: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/72912/1/MPRA_paper_72912.pdf
- Wilhelmy, A., Roulin, N. and Wingate, T. G. (2020). Does it take two to tango? Examining how applicants and interviewers adapt their impression management to each other. Journal of Business and Psychology, 36(6), 1-24. doi: 10.1007/s10869-020-09720-5
- Yemenici, A. D. and Bozkurt, Ö. (2020). Çalışanların politik taktik davranışları ile makyavelizm arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Düzce ili imalat sanayi örneği [Investigation of the relationship between political tactical behaviors and machiavellianism: Example of Düzce manufacturing industry]. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 83-101. doi: 10.46849/guiibd.726087
- Yılmaz, G. [gulden_ylmaz]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/gulden_ylmaz
- Yılmazyiğit, B. [pfbelma]. (2021, 28 January). Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/pfbelma?lang=tr
- Zivnuska, S., Kacmar, K. M., Witt, L.A., Carlson, D.S. and Bratton, V. K. (2004). Interactive effects of impression management and organizational politics on job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(5), 627-640. doi: 10.1002/job.262
| APA | BALKAN AKAN B, Oran F (2022). Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis. , 103 - 120. 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| Chicago | BALKAN AKAN Betül,Oran Feyza Çağla Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis. (2022): 103 - 120. 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| MLA | BALKAN AKAN Betül,Oran Feyza Çağla Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis. , 2022, ss.103 - 120. 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| AMA | BALKAN AKAN B,Oran F Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis. . 2022; 103 - 120. 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| Vancouver | BALKAN AKAN B,Oran F Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis. . 2022; 103 - 120. 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| IEEE | BALKAN AKAN B,Oran F "Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis." , ss.103 - 120, 2022. 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| ISNAD | BALKAN AKAN, Betül - Oran, Feyza Çağla. "Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis". (2022), 103-120. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| APA | BALKAN AKAN B, Oran F (2022). Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 103 - 120. 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| Chicago | BALKAN AKAN Betül,Oran Feyza Çağla Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22, no.1 (2022): 103 - 120. 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| MLA | BALKAN AKAN Betül,Oran Feyza Çağla Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol.22, no.1, 2022, ss.103 - 120. 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| AMA | BALKAN AKAN B,Oran F Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022; 22(1): 103 - 120. 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| Vancouver | BALKAN AKAN B,Oran F Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022; 22(1): 103 - 120. 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| IEEE | BALKAN AKAN B,Oran F "Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis." Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22, ss.103 - 120, 2022. 10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
| ISNAD | BALKAN AKAN, Betül - Oran, Feyza Çağla. "Investigation of Impression Management Tactics Exhibited by Powerful Businesswomen in Turkey by Content Analysis". Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22/1 (2022), 103-120. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1095125 |
