Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 288 - 296 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 İndeks Tarihi: 01-06-2022
Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder
Öz: Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the abuse awareness level and related characteristics of parents with children aged 4-6 years diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Methods: A total of 74 parents of children with ASD who presented at a university or an educational research hospital, or with children enrolled at 2 special education rehabilitation centers in January 2019–March 2020 were included in the study. The data were collected in face-to-face interviews using a family information form and the Abuse Awareness Scale for Parents. The analysis included t-test comparison of independent groups, calculation of number and percentage distribution, and analysis of variance. Ethics committee and institutional approval, as well as permission from the creator of the scale, were obtained and the parents provided informed consent.
Results: The scale scores indicated that the parents' awareness of abuse was high. Of the parents participating in the study, 92.40% were mothers. The mean scale score was 66.114±4.418. Parents identified the following factors most often as a source of risk: substance abuse of an abuser (92.00%), the parents’ lack of information about abuse (88.50%), and
the gender of the child (82.20%). They saw strangers (93.60%) as somewhat more threatening than known individuals (90.50%), and indicated that they thought abuse was more likely to occur on the street/in the community (79.60%) than in educational institutions (69.70%). Professionals they deemed most important in the prevention of abuse were the police (81.20%) and psychologists (80.40%); other health professionals received little to no mention. Parents indicated that if they suspected abuse, the most common sources of redress would be prosecutors (94.30%) and the police (92.30%).
Conclusion: Although the awareness level of potential abuse of their children was high, the parents interviewed felt that they lacked sufficient information about abuse. It is noteworthy that the parents did not consider healthcare professionals other than psychologists as having a meaningful role in the prevention of abuse. Training and counseling about the prevention of abuse for parents of children with special needs provided by pediatric and community mental
health nurses could help raise awareness and knowledge of the community resources available to parents, as well as supplement a sense of caring and security.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Koçtürk N, Ulaş Ö, Bilginer Ç. Career development and educational status of the sexual abuse victims: The first data from Turkey. Sch Ment Health 2019;11:179–90.
- 2. Derman O. Çocuk istismarına ve ihmaline yaklaşım temel bilgiler. 1. baskı. Çocuk İstismarını ve İhmalini Önleme Derneği. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi; 2014; p.1–114. [Turkish]
- 3. Doğrucan A, Yıldırım Z. Yazılı basında çocuk istismarı haberlerinin incelenmesi: (Cumhuriyet, Hürriyet, Posta, Sabah, Yeni Şafak ve Zaman Gazeteleri Örneğinde). Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2011;4:176–94. [Turkish]
- 4. Solak Y, Yoldascan BE, Okyay RA. Assessment of the knowledge, awareness, and attitudes of family physicians in Ad-ana regarding child abuse and neglect. J Public Health 2020;29:1–8.
- 5. Çakmak B. An analysis of the news about child abuse in Turkey. Glob Media J TR Edition 2018;9. [Turkish]
- 6. Söngüt S, Akça SÖ. Child abuse and role of pediatric nurse. Zeynep Kamil Med J 2019;50:241–50. [Turkish]
- 7. World Health Organization (WHO). Child maltreatment. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs150/en/2018 Accessed on May 12, 2020.
- 8. Resarch study on child abuse and domestic violence in Turkey. Available from: http://www.unicef.org.tr/files/bilgimerkezi/doc/cocuk-istismari-raporu-tr.pdf. Accessed on May12, 2020.
- 9. Demiral Ö. Otizmli çocukların eğitimiyle ilgili bir web portalı tasarımı. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Dergisi 2016;8:137–48. [Turkish]
- 10. Kırcaali G. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu. 2. baskı. İstanbul: Daktylos Yayınevi 2015 p.32.
- 11. Köroğlu E.. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5). American Psychiatric Association. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği 2014 p.43.
- 12. Centers for Disease Control and Preventation. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders: Surveillance summaries. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 56,1–40. 2007. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ ss/ss5601.pdf. Accessed on June 6, 2020.
- 13. Dur Ş, Mutlu B. Autism spectrum disorder and nursing approach. Hemşirelik Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi 2018;15:45– 50. [Turkish]
- 14. Meral BF, Cavkaytar A. The perception of family quality of life of parents of children with autism. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi 2014;23:1363–80. [Turkish]
- 15. Geçkil E. Physical abuse in children and nursing interventions. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2017;6:129–39. [Turkish]
- 16. Güven ŞT, Dalgiç Aİ, Erkol Z. Emotional and psychosocial problems encountered by children who have been sexually abused. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2018;56:37–43. [Turkish).
- 17. Pekdoğan S. Abuse awareness scale parents form: Scale development study. Akademik Bakış Dergisi 2017:173–85. [Turkish]
- 18. Kürklü A. Öğretmenlerin çocuk istismarı ve ihmaline yönelik farkındalık düzeyleri. [Master Thesis] Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2012.
- 19. Aslan G. An assesment of the child sexual abuse cases evaluated by forensic assessment in Turkey. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences 2020;19:48–68. [Turkish]
- 20. Güzelyurt T. Okul öncesi dönemde cinsel eğitim ve istismar: Çocuk kitaplarına yönelik bir inceleme. Int J Childirens Literature and Education Res 2020;4:54–69. [Turkish]
- 21. Çapık A, Apay SE, Mermertaş Ü. Determination the mothers’ abuse potentials with 4-6 years old children. Atatürk Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi 2019;1:57–63. [Turkish]
- 22. Bulut S, Karaman HB. Engelli bireylerin cinsel, fiziksel ve duygusal istismarı. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi 2018;19:277–301. [Turkish]
- 23. Gönener HD. Abuse - neglect in mentally handicapped children and nursing approach. J Exp Clin Med 2010;27:137–43. [Turkish]
- 24. Gürhopur FDT, Dalgıç Aİ. Family burden among parents of children with intellectual disability. J Psychiatr Nurs 2017;8:9–16. [Turkish]
- 25. Söyünmez S, Zülkar Y, Turan FD, Dalgıç Aİ. Awareness about abuse of parents who have children with epilepsy. Epilepsi 2021;27:102–12. [Turkish]
- 26. Ercan N. 4-6 yaş grubunda çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin istismar farkındalıkları (Diyarbakır örneği) [Master Thesis] Mersin: Çağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü; 2018. [Turkish]
- 27. Işık Ü, Aktepe E, Şimşek F, Akyıldız A. Yıldız A. Sociodemographic, clinical and family characteristics of victims of sexual abuse in a university hospital Isparta province: 2014-2018 data. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2019;10:53–7. [Turkish]
- 28. Topal Y, Balcı Y, Erbaş M. Retrospective evaluation of cases of sexual abuse under 18 years old in Muğla. Ortadoğu Tıp Dergisi 2018;10:135–41. [Turkish]
- 29. Usta MB, Akbaş S, Aydın B. Behavioural problems associated with child sexual abuse in adolescents: A retrospective study. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi 2018;10:188–93. [Turkish]
- 30. Yektaş Ç, Tufan AE, Büken B, Yurteri ÇN, Yazıcı M. Evaluation of abuse and abuser’s feactures and risk factors associated with psychopathology in children and adolescents victimized by sexual abuse. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2018;19:501–508. [Turkish]
- 31. Urazel B, Fidan ST, Gündüz T, Şenlikli M, Özçivit AB. Assessment of sexual abused child anadolescent. Osmangazi J Med 2017;39:18–25. [Turkish]
- 32. Gencer Ö, Özbek A, Özyurt G, Kavurma C. A comparison of extra and intra-familial sexual abuse of children and adolescents. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2016;17:56–64. [Turkish]
- 33. Dönmez YE, Soylu N, Özel Ö, Yüksel T, Çalışkan DA, et al. Sociodemographic and clinical features of sexually abused children and adolescents cases. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent 2014;21:44–8. [Turkish]
- 34. Özdemir E, Özmen S, Öztop DB, Özdemir Ç, Çıkılı M. The assesment of demographic characteristics, familial variable and mental disorders in child and adolescent sexual abuse cases. Adli Tıp Bülteni 2014;19:146–153. [Turkish]
- 35. Yelboğa N. Analysis of sexual harassment under the rights of children. J Soci Work 2019;3:202–221. [Turkish).
- 36. Kutlu M, Kurt O. Teaching individuals with developmental disabilities to respond to the lures of strangers: A review of the literature. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2017;17:1350–68. [Turkish]
- 37. Çubukcu A, Kahraman PB. The relation between academic ınternal motivation and self-leadership levels of preschool teacher candidates. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2019;32:25–4. [Turkish]
- 38. Pekdoğan S, Kanak M. A study on the levels of child abuse of mothers who have 4-6 year-old children related to their mothers' perceived sexual roles and work life. J Int Soci Rese 2017;10:510–6. [Turkish]
| APA | ZÜLKAR Y, Söyünmez S, Turan F, İşler Dalgıç A (2021). Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. , 288 - 296. 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| Chicago | ZÜLKAR Yeşim,Söyünmez Selin,Turan Fatma Dilek,İşler Dalgıç Ayşegül Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. (2021): 288 - 296. 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| MLA | ZÜLKAR Yeşim,Söyünmez Selin,Turan Fatma Dilek,İşler Dalgıç Ayşegül Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. , 2021, ss.288 - 296. 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| AMA | ZÜLKAR Y,Söyünmez S,Turan F,İşler Dalgıç A Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. . 2021; 288 - 296. 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| Vancouver | ZÜLKAR Y,Söyünmez S,Turan F,İşler Dalgıç A Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. . 2021; 288 - 296. 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| IEEE | ZÜLKAR Y,Söyünmez S,Turan F,İşler Dalgıç A "Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder." , ss.288 - 296, 2021. 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| ISNAD | ZÜLKAR, Yeşim vd. "Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder". (2021), 288-296. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| APA | ZÜLKAR Y, Söyünmez S, Turan F, İşler Dalgıç A (2021). Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 12(4), 288 - 296. 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| Chicago | ZÜLKAR Yeşim,Söyünmez Selin,Turan Fatma Dilek,İşler Dalgıç Ayşegül Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi 12, no.4 (2021): 288 - 296. 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| MLA | ZÜLKAR Yeşim,Söyünmez Selin,Turan Fatma Dilek,İşler Dalgıç Ayşegül Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, vol.12, no.4, 2021, ss.288 - 296. 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| AMA | ZÜLKAR Y,Söyünmez S,Turan F,İşler Dalgıç A Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2021; 12(4): 288 - 296. 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| Vancouver | ZÜLKAR Y,Söyünmez S,Turan F,İşler Dalgıç A Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2021; 12(4): 288 - 296. 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| IEEE | ZÜLKAR Y,Söyünmez S,Turan F,İşler Dalgıç A "Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder." Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 12, ss.288 - 296, 2021. 10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
| ISNAD | ZÜLKAR, Yeşim vd. "Awareness about potential abuse among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder". Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi 12/4 (2021), 288-296. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2021.78055 |
