Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study

Ceyda Uzun ŞAHİN, (ecep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu, Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Teknikleri Anabilim Dalı, İlk ve Acil Program, Rize, Türkiye)
Merve AYDIN, (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ruh Sağlığı ve Hemşireliği Bölümü, Trabzon, Türkiye)
Abdullah , (Rize Devlet Hastanesi,, Cerrahi Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi, Rize, Türkiye)
Mustafa SAKİN (Rize İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü, Anestezi ve Reanimasyon Anabilim Dalı, Rize, Türkiye)
Florence Nightingale journal of nursing (Online)
1 0
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 74 - 82 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053 İndeks Tarihi: 10-06-2022

Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study

Öz:
AIM: This study was performed to explore the experiences and the psychosocial difficulties faced by nurses and physicians involved in the treatment and care for COVID-19 adult patients in the intensive care unit. METHOD: The interpretative phenomenological approach was used, and the data were gathered between June and July, 2020 in Rize using face-toface interviews. The sample consisted of 10 nurses and 5 physicians. The thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the data. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) were followed in the study. RESULTS: The experiences of nurses and physicians were categorized under three themes and subcategories. The theme of “Going Through Psychosocial Changes” was divided into decreased emotional well-being and experiencing social changes, the theme of “Work-Related Challenges” was divided into losing the routines and economic concerns, and the theme of “Felt Gains” was divided into realizing one’s worth and increased motivation. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that nurses and physicians are supported, respected, and described as heroes by Turkish society. However, they are psychologically and socially adversely affected, they display negative and positive emotions, and experience psychological growth. In addition, nurses complain about insufficient and unfair payment. Despite all these challenges, nurses and physicians continue to work with increasing emotional resistance. It is recommended to be aware of the problems that they experience during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, protect their mental health, provide adequate economic support, especially for nurses, and take necessary measures by collecting data that may be a guide for subsequent outbreaks.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Albott, C. S., Wozniak, J. R., McGlinch, B. P., Wall, M. H., Gold, B. S., & Vinogradov, S. (2020). Battle buddies: Rapid deployment of a psychological resilience intervention for health care workers during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 131(1), 43–54. [CrossRef]
  • Alraddadi, B. M., Al-Salmi, H. S., Jacobs-Slifka, K., Slayton, R. B., Estivariz, C. F., Geller, A. I., Al-Turkistani, H. H., Al-Rehily, S. S., Alserehi, H. A., Wali, G. Y., Alshukairi, A. N., Azhar, E. I., Haynes, L., Swerdlow, D. L., Jernigan, J. A., & Madani, T. A. (2016). Risk factors for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection among healthcare personnel. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 22(11), 1915–1920. [CrossRef]
  • Bai, Y., Lin, C. C., Lin, C. Y., Chen, J. Y., Chue, C. M., & Chou, P. (2004).
  • Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatric Services, 55(9), 1055–1057. [CrossRef]
  • Bulut, C., & Kato, Y. (2020). Epidemiology of COVID-19. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50(SI–1), 563–570. [CrossRef]
  • Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., He, L., Sheng, C., Cai, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15–e16. [CrossRef]
  • Chou, R., Dana, T., Buckley, D. I., Selph, S., Fu, R., & Totten, A. M. (2020). Epidemiology of and risk factors for coronavirus infection in health care workers: A living rapid review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(2), 120–136. [CrossRef]
  • Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 297–298. [CrossRef]
  • El-Hage, W., Hingray, C., Lemogne, C., Yrondi, A., Brunault, P., Bienvenu, T., Etain, B., Paquet, C., Gohier, B., Bennabi, D., Birmes, P., Sauvaget, A., Fakra, E., Prieto, N., Bulteau, S., Vidailhet, P., Camus, V., Leboyer, M., Krebs, M. O., & Aouizerate, B. (2020). Health professionals facing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: What are the mental health risks? Encephale, 7006(20), 30076–30072. [CrossRef]
  • Fusch, P. I., & Ness, L. R. (2015). Are we there yet? Data saturation in qualitative research. Qualitative Report, 20(9), 1408–1416. Retrieved from http: //www .nova .edu/ ssss/ QR/QR 20/9/ fusch 1.pdf
  • Grove, S. K., & Cipher, D. J. (2019). Statistics for nursing research: A workbook for evidence-based practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Y., … Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. [CrossRef]
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112954. [CrossRef]
  • Hui, D. S., I Azhar, E., Madani, T. A., Ntoumi, F., Kock, R., Dar, O., Ippolito, G., Mchugh, T. D., Memish, Z. A., Drosten, C., Zumla, A., & Petersen, E. (2020). The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health: The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. International Journal of Infectious Diseases , 91, 264–266. [CrossRef]
  • Jain, V. K., & Kumar, S. (2018). Rough set based intelligent approach for identification of H1N1 suspect using social media. Kuwait Journal of Health Science, 45(2), 8–14.
  • Kaçkın, O., Ciydem, E., Aci, O. S., & Kutlu, F. Y. (2021). Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 67(2), 158–167. [CrossRef]
  • Kang, L., Li, Y., Hu, S., Chen, M., Yang, C., Yang, B. X., Wang, Y., Hu, J., Lai, J., Ma, X., Chen, J., Guan, L., Wang, G., Ma, H., & Liu, Z. (2020). The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), e14. [CrossRef]
  • Kim, Y. (2018). Nurses’ experiences of care for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in South Korea. American Journal of Infection Control, 46(7), 781–787. [CrossRef]
  • Kisely, S., Warren, N., McMahon, L., Dalais, C., Henry, I., & Siskind, D. (2020). Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: Rapid review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 369, m1642. [CrossRef]
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976. [CrossRef]
  • Lee, A. M., Wong, J. G., McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., Sham, P. C., Chu, C. M., Wong, P. C., Tsang, K. W., & Chua, S. E. (2007). Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 52(4), 233–240. [CrossRef]
  • Lee, S. M., Kang, W. S., Cho, A. R., Kim, T., & Park, J. K. (2018). Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 87, 123–127. [CrossRef]
  • Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches . Health Promotion Practice, 16(4), 473–475. [CrossRef]
  • Liu, Q., Luo, D., Haase, J. E., Guo, Q., Wang, X. Q., Liu, S., Xia, L., Liu, Z., Yang, J., & Yang, B. X. (2020). The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: A qualitative study. Lancet Global Health, 8(6), e790–e798. [CrossRef]
  • Mak, W. W., Mo, P. K., Cheung, R. Y., Woo, J., Cheung, F. M., & Lee, D. (2006). Comparative stigma of HIV/AIDS, SARS, and tuberculosis in Hong Kong. Social Science and Medicine, 63(7), 1912–1922. [CrossRef]
  • Marjanovic, Z., Greenglass, E. R., & Coffey, S. (2007). The relevance of psychosocial variables and working conditions in predicting nurses’ coping strategies during the SARS crisis: An online questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(6), 991–998. [CrossRef] Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research (pp. 280–285). New York: Sage Publications.
  • Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Vincent, L., Bennett, J., Peladeau, N., Leszcz, M., Sadavoy, J., Verhaeghe, L. M., Steinberg, R., & Mazzulli, T. (2003). The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal/Journal de l’Association Medicale Canadienne, 168(10), 1245–1251.
  • Nemati, M., Ebrahimi, B., & Nemati, F. (2020). Assessment of Iranian nurses’ knowledge and anxiety toward COVID-19 during the current outbreak in Iran [Online ahead of print]. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15(COVID–19), e102848. [CrossRef]
  • Öztürk, H., Candaş, B., & Babacan, E. (2015). Determining of problems experienced by nurses working in state hospitals, community and family health centers. Journal of Health and Nursing Management, 1(2), 25–36. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2020). COVID19: New coronavirus disease. Retrieved from https ://covid19 bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/
  • Robertson, E., Hershenfield, K., Grace, S. L., & Stewart, D. E. (2004). The psychosocial effects of being quarantined following exposure to SARS: A qualitative study of Toronto health care workers. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 49(6), 403–407. [CrossRef]
  • Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., & Trockel, M. (2020). Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA, 323(21), 2133–2134. [CrossRef]
  • Smith, M. W., Smith, P. W., Kratochvil, C. J., & Schwedhelm, S. (2017). The psychosocial challenges of caring for patients with Ebola virus disease. Health Security, 15(1), 104–109. [CrossRef]
  • Su, T. P., Lien, T. C., Yang, C. Y., Su, Y. L., Wang, J. H., Tsai, S. L., & Yin, J. C. (2007). Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and psychological adaptation of the nurses in a structured SARS caring unit during outbreak: A prospective and periodic assessment study in Taiwan. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 41(1–2), 119–130. [CrossRef]
  • Sun, N., Wei, L., Shi, S., Jiao, D., Song, R., Ma, L., Wang, H., Wang, C., Wang, Z., You, Y., Liu, S., & Wang, H. (2020). A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(6), 592–598. [CrossRef]
  • Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal of Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349–357. [CrossRef]
  • Tuncay, F. E., Koyuncu, E., & Özel, Ş. (2020). A review of protective and risk factors affecting psychosocial health of healthcare workers in pandemics. Ankara Medical Journal, 2, 488–504. [CrossRef]
  • Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., & Bondas, T. (2013). Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nursing and Health Sciences, 15(3), 398–405. [CrossRef]
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. [CrossRef]
  • Xiang, Y. T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228–229. [CrossRef]
  • Zhang, W. R., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W. F., Xue, Q., Peng, M., Min, B. Q., Tian, Q., Leng, H. X., Du, J. L., Chang, H., Yang, Y., Li, W., Shangguan, F. F., Yan, T. Y., Dong, H. Q., Han, Y., Wang, Y. P., Cosci, F., &
  • Wang, H. X. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 89(4), 242–250. [CrossRef]
APA UZUN SAHIN C, AYDIN M, usta a, SAKIN M (2022). Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. , 74 - 82. 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
Chicago UZUN SAHIN CEYDA,AYDIN MERVE,usta abdullah,SAKIN MUSTAFA Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. (2022): 74 - 82. 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
MLA UZUN SAHIN CEYDA,AYDIN MERVE,usta abdullah,SAKIN MUSTAFA Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. , 2022, ss.74 - 82. 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
AMA UZUN SAHIN C,AYDIN M,usta a,SAKIN M Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. . 2022; 74 - 82. 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
Vancouver UZUN SAHIN C,AYDIN M,usta a,SAKIN M Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. . 2022; 74 - 82. 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
IEEE UZUN SAHIN C,AYDIN M,usta a,SAKIN M "Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study." , ss.74 - 82, 2022. 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
ISNAD UZUN SAHIN, CEYDA vd. "Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study". (2022), 74-82. https://doi.org/10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
APA UZUN SAHIN C, AYDIN M, usta a, SAKIN M (2022). Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. Florence Nightingale journal of nursing (Online), 30(1), 74 - 82. 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
Chicago UZUN SAHIN CEYDA,AYDIN MERVE,usta abdullah,SAKIN MUSTAFA Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. Florence Nightingale journal of nursing (Online) 30, no.1 (2022): 74 - 82. 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
MLA UZUN SAHIN CEYDA,AYDIN MERVE,usta abdullah,SAKIN MUSTAFA Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. Florence Nightingale journal of nursing (Online), vol.30, no.1, 2022, ss.74 - 82. 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
AMA UZUN SAHIN C,AYDIN M,usta a,SAKIN M Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. Florence Nightingale journal of nursing (Online). 2022; 30(1): 74 - 82. 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
Vancouver UZUN SAHIN C,AYDIN M,usta a,SAKIN M Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study. Florence Nightingale journal of nursing (Online). 2022; 30(1): 74 - 82. 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
IEEE UZUN SAHIN C,AYDIN M,usta a,SAKIN M "Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study." Florence Nightingale journal of nursing (Online), 30, ss.74 - 82, 2022. 10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
ISNAD UZUN SAHIN, CEYDA vd. "Experiences and Psychosocial Difficulties of Frontline Health Care Workers Struggling With COVID-19 in Turkey: A Qualitative Study". Florence Nightingale journal of nursing (Online) 30/1 (2022), 74-82. https://doi.org/10.5152/fnjn.2022.21053
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
23-04-2024 23:2

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları