Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air

Hojjat GHAHRAMANZADEH ASL, (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Mühendislik Makine Bölümü, Trabzon, Türkiye.)
Yaşar SERT, (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Mühendislik Makine Bölümü, Trabzon, Türkiye)
Tevfik KÜÇÜKÖMEROĞLU, (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Mühendislik Makine Bölümü, Trabzon, Türkiye)
Özgü BAYRAK (İzmir Bakırçay Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Biyomedikal Mühendisliği Bölümü, İzmir, Türkiye)
Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi
0 0
Yıl: 2022 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 63 - 71 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903 İndeks Tarihi: 16-06-2022

Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air

Öz:
Al7075 alloy is commonly used in the automotive industry, components of military vehicles and aircraft, rubber and plastic moulds. Also, similar Al alloys are frequently used for mechanical parts in space exploration. Therefore, investigation of the wear properties under a vacuum environment is as indispensable as wear properties under an atmosphere. However, the wear performance of this alloy cannot meet the expectations. This paper reports the investigation of the obtained wear properties of Al7075-T6 alloy after plasma nitriding in ambient air and vacuum environments. The surface characterization and phase analysis of the formed AlN layers are determined by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, 3D optical profilometer and X-ray diffractometer. The hardness of the nitride layer is established using Vickers micro-hardness tester. The wear performance of the untreated and nitride sample is investigated under 1N constant load at ambient air and vacuum environment. As a result of wear tests, the best wear performance of both conditions has been obtained from nitrided samples. The AlN layer (0.19) is observed to notably reduced the coefficient of friction of the substrate (0.60) under ambient air. Besides, it is observed that the nitride layer is better in ambient air (0.00010 mm3/Nm) than in vacuum environment (0.00087 mm3/Nm) in term of wear rate. In fact, the wear track on the nitrided sample is very thin under ambient air, and nearly imperceptible.
Anahtar Kelime:

Nitrürlenmiş 7075-T6 alüminyum alaşımının vakum ve atmosfer şartlarında sürtünme ve aşınma özelliklerinin incelenmesi

Öz:
Al7075 alaşımları, otomotiv endüstrisinde, askeri araçların ve uçakların bileşenlerinde, kauçuk ve plastik kalıplarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, benzer Al alaşımları, uzay araştırmalarında mekanik parçalar için sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu nedenle, vakum altında aşınma özelliklerinin incelenmesi, atmosfer ortamındaki aşınma özellikleri kadar vazgeçilmezdir. Ancak söz konusu alaşımların aşınma performansı beklentileri karşılayamamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada nitrürlenmiş Al7075-T6'nın atmosfer ve vakum ortamlarında aşınma özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Oluşturulan AlN tabakasının yüzey karakterizasyonu ve faz analizi, taramalı elektron mikroskobu, enerji dağıtıcı X-ışını spektrometresi, 3D optik profilometre ve X-ışını difraktometresi ile belirlenmiştir. Numunelerin sertliği, Vickers mikro sertlik test cihazı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Numunelerin aşınma performansı, bilye disk esaslı aşınma test cihazı kullanılarak atmosfer ve vakum ortamlarında incelenmiştir. Her iki koşul için de en iyi aşınma performansı nitrürlenmiş numunelerden elde edilmiştir. AlN tabakasının (0,19), ortam havası altında alt tabakanın (0,60) sürtünme katsayısını önemli ölçüde azalttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Nitrür tabakası sayesinde, alaşımın atmosfer ortamındaki aşınma direnci dikkate değer bir şekilde iyileştirilmiştir. Ayrıca aşınma oranı açısından nitrür tabakasının aşınma performansı, ortam havasında (0.00010 mm3/Nm) vakum ortamına (0.00087 mm3/Nm) göre daha iyi olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Hatta numunelerdeki aşınma yolunun çok ince olduğu ve neredeyse fark edilemez olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • [1] Kaseem M, Lee Y H, Ko Y G. “Incorporation of MoO2 and ZrO2 particles into the oxide film formed on 7075 Al alloy via micro-arc oxidation”. Materials Letters, 182, 260-263, 2016.
  • [2] Visuttipitukul P, Aizawa T. “Plasma nitriding design for aluminium and aluminium alloys”. Surface Engineering, 22(3), 187-195, 2006.
  • [3] Totik Y, Sadeler R, Kaymaz I, Gavgali M. “The effect of homogenisation treatment on cold deformations of AA 2014 and AA 6063 Alloys”. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 147(1), 60-64, 2004.
  • [4] Taskin M, Caligulu U, Gur A K. “Modeling adhesive wear resistance of Al-Si-Mg-/SiCp PM compacts fabricated by hot pressing process, by means of ANN”. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 7, 715-721, 2008.
  • [5] Visuttipitukul P, Aizawa T, Kuwahara H. “Advanced plasma nitriding for aluminum and aluminum alloys”. Materials Transactions, 44(12), 2695-2700, 2003.
  • [6] Kara L, Özkan D, Yağcı M B, Sulukan E, Sert Y, Sert T S. “Friction and wear behaviors of TiN coating under dry and vacuum conditions”. Tribology Transactions, 62(3), 362-373, 2019.
  • [7] Gavgali M, Totik Y, Sadeler R. “The effects of artificial aging on wear properties of AA 6063 alloy”. Materials Letters, 57(24-25), 3713-3721, 2003.
  • [8] Abdelgnei MA, Omar MZ, Ghazali MJ, Mohammed MN, Rashid B. “Dry sliding wear behaviour of thixoformed Al-5.7Si-2Cu-0.3 Mg alloys at high temperatures using taguchi method”. Wear, 442-443, 203134, 2020.
  • [9] Shaik M A, Golla B R. “Development of highly wear resistant cu-al alloys processed via powder metallurgy”. Tribology International, 136, 127-139, 2019.
  • [10] Isadare AD, Aremo B, Adeoye MO, Olawale OJ, Shittu MD. “Effect of heat treatment on some mechanical properties of 7075 aluminium alloy”. Materials Research, 16(1), 190-194, 2013.
  • [11] Mahathaninwong N, Plookphol T, Wannasin J, Wisutmethangoon S. “T6 heat treatment of rheocasting 7075 al alloy”. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 532, 91-99, 2012.
  • [12] Şimşek I, Yıldırım M, Özyürek D, Tunçay T. “The effect of aging time on wear behaviours of aa7075 alloy in t6 heat treatment”. Journal of Advanced Technology Sciences, 7(1), 42-49, 2018.
  • [13] Imran M, Khan A R A. “Characterization of Al-7075 metal matrix composites: a review”. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8(3), 3347-3356, 2019.
  • [14] Yıldırım M, Şimşek İ, Özyürek D. “An investigation of the effects of solid solution temperature on the wear performance of aged aa7075 alloy”. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 6(1), 233-239, 2018.
  • [15] Ravi Kumar DV, Seenappa, Ravi Kumar V, Prakash Rao CR. “Influence of T6-Heat treatment on mechanical properties of Al7075 alloy reinforced with cenosphere”. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(11), 25036-25044, 2018.
  • [16] Yavuz S, Sert Y, Karslı M, Küçükömeroğlu T. “Determining optimum anodic oxidation parameters for hardness and wear properties of AA7075-T6 alloys using taguchi desing”. Brilliant Engineering, 1, 10-18, 2021.
  • [17] Zhao Y H, Liao X Z, Zhu Y T, Valiev R Z. “Enhanced mechanical properties in ultrafine grained 7075 Al alloy”. Journal of Materials Research, 20(2), 288-291, 2005.
  • [18] Fakioğlu A, Özyürek D. “Effects of re-aging on the fatigue properties of aluminium alloy AA7075”. Materials Testing, 56(7-8), 575-582, 2014.
  • [19] Komra Y, Tokunaga K. “Structural studies of stacking variants in mg-base friauf-laves phases”. Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 16(7), 1548-1554, 1980.
  • [20] Zhao Z W, Tay B K, Sheeja D. “Structural characteristics and mechanical properties of aluminium oxide thin films prepared by off-plane filtered cathodic vacuum arc system”. Surface and Coatings Technology, 167(2-3), 234-239, 2003.
  • [21] Aizawa T, Vissutipitukul P. “Formation of aluminum nitrides by precipitate-accommodated plasma nitriding”. MRS Proceedings, 1040, 809, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-1040-Q08-09
  • [22] Chen H-Y, Stock H-R, Mayr P. “Plasma-Assisted nitriding of aluminium”. Surface and Coatings Technology, 64, 139-147, 1994.
  • [23] Stock H R, Jarms C, Seidel F, Döring J E. “Fundamental and applied aspects of the plasma-assisted nitriding process for aluminium and its alloys”. Surface and Coatings Technology, 94-95, 247-254, 1997.
  • [24] Manova D, Huber P, Mändl S, Rauschenbach B. “Surface modification of aluminium by plasma immersion ion implantation”. Surface and Coatings Technology, 128-129, 249-255, 2000.
  • [25] Fitz T. “Ion Nitriding of Aluminium”. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden 2002.
  • [26] Taherkhani K, Soltanieh M. “Spectroscopy study of composite coating created by a new method of active screen plasma nitriding on pure aluminum”. Surface and Coatings Technology, 393, 125820, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125820
  • [27] Taherkhani K, Soltanieh M. “Investigation of nanomechanical and adhesion behavior for AlN coating and AlN/Fe2-3N composite coatings created by active screen plasma nitriding on Al 1050”. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 783, 113-127, 2019.
  • [28] Vissutipitukul P, Aizawa T. “Wear of plasma-nitrided aluminum alloys”. Wear, 259, 482–489, 2005.
  • [29] Mohamed A, El-Madhoun Y, Bassim M N. “The effect of tempering on low cycle fatigue behavior of Al-2024”. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 162–163, 362–366, 2005.
  • [30] Panigrahi S K, Jayaganthan R. “Effect of annealing on thermal stability, precipitate evolution, and mechanical properties of cryorolled Al 7075 alloy”. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 42, 3208–3217, 2011.
  • [31] Sert Y, Küçükömeroğlu T, Efeoğlu İ. “Investigating the structure, adhesion and tribological properties of Al and Zr-doped TiN coatings with various substrate bias voltage and working pressure”. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 235(6), 1190-1202, 2021.
  • [32] Kara L, Gahramanzade Asl H, Karadayı Ö. “The effect of TiN, TiAlN, CrAlN, and TiAlN/TiAiN coatings on the wear properties of AISI H13 steel at room temperature”. Surface Review and Letters, 26(9), 1-14, 2019.
  • [33] Gahramazadeh Asl H. “Investigation of friction and wear performance on oxidized Ti6Al4V alloy at different temperatures by plasma oxidation method under ambient air and vacuum conditions”. Vacuum, 180, 109578, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109578
  • [34] Niu M, Zhang X, Chen J, Yang X. “Friction and wear properties of ni3si alloy under different vacuum conditions”. Vacuum, 161, 443-449, 2019.
  • [35] Kovacı H, Baran Ö, Yetim A F, Bozkurt, Y B, Kara L, Çelik A. “The friction and wear performance of DLC coatings deposited on plasma nitrided AISI 4140 steel by magnetron sputtering under air and vacuum conditions”. Surface and Coatings Technology, 349, 969-979, 2018.
  • [36] Yetim A F. “Investigation of wear behavior of titanium oxide films, produced by anodic oxidation, on commercially pure titanium in vacuum conditions”. Surface and Coatings Technology, 205(6), 1757-1763, 2010.
  • [37] Küçükömeroğlu T, Kara L. “The friction and wear properties of CuZn39Pb3 alloys under atmospheric and vacuum conditions”. Wear, 309(1-2), 21-28, 2014.
  • [38] Raj A, Kailas S V. “Evoluation of wear debris morphology during dry sliding of Ti-6Al-4V against SS316L under ambient and vacuum conditions”. Wear, 456-457, 203378, 2020.
  • [39] Gaard A, Krakhmalev P, Bergström, J. “Influence of tool steel microstructure on origin of galling initiation and wear mechanisms under dry sliding a carbon steel sheet”. Wear, 267(1-4), 387-393, 2009.
  • [40] Pujante J, Pelcastre L, Vilaseca M, Casellas D, Prakash B. “Investigations into wear and galling mechanism of aluminium alloy-tool steel tribopair at different temperatures”. Wear, 308(1-2), 193-198, 2013.
APA ASL H, SERT Y, Küçükömeroğlu T, BAYRAK Ö (2022). Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air. , 63 - 71. 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
Chicago ASL Hojjat GHAHRAMANZADEH,SERT Yaşar,Küçükömeroğlu Tevfik,BAYRAK Özgü Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air. (2022): 63 - 71. 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
MLA ASL Hojjat GHAHRAMANZADEH,SERT Yaşar,Küçükömeroğlu Tevfik,BAYRAK Özgü Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air. , 2022, ss.63 - 71. 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
AMA ASL H,SERT Y,Küçükömeroğlu T,BAYRAK Ö Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air. . 2022; 63 - 71. 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
Vancouver ASL H,SERT Y,Küçükömeroğlu T,BAYRAK Ö Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air. . 2022; 63 - 71. 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
IEEE ASL H,SERT Y,Küçükömeroğlu T,BAYRAK Ö "Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air." , ss.63 - 71, 2022. 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
ISNAD ASL, Hojjat GHAHRAMANZADEH vd. "Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air". (2022), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
APA ASL H, SERT Y, Küçükömeroğlu T, BAYRAK Ö (2022). Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(1), 63 - 71. 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
Chicago ASL Hojjat GHAHRAMANZADEH,SERT Yaşar,Küçükömeroğlu Tevfik,BAYRAK Özgü Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 28, no.1 (2022): 63 - 71. 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
MLA ASL Hojjat GHAHRAMANZADEH,SERT Yaşar,Küçükömeroğlu Tevfik,BAYRAK Özgü Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol.28, no.1, 2022, ss.63 - 71. 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
AMA ASL H,SERT Y,Küçükömeroğlu T,BAYRAK Ö Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022; 28(1): 63 - 71. 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
Vancouver ASL H,SERT Y,Küçükömeroğlu T,BAYRAK Ö Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022; 28(1): 63 - 71. 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
IEEE ASL H,SERT Y,Küçükömeroğlu T,BAYRAK Ö "Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air." Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28, ss.63 - 71, 2022. 10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
ISNAD ASL, Hojjat GHAHRAMANZADEH vd. "Investigation of the friction and wear properties of nitrided 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under vacuum and ambient air". Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 28/1 (2022), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2021.83903
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
18-04-2024 0:57

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları